scholarly journals Understanding Deep Brain Stimulation: In Vivo Metabolic Consequences of the Electrode Insertional Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Casquero-Veiga ◽  
David García-García ◽  
Manuel Desco ◽  
María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgery technique widely used in movement disorders, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. In fact, apart from the stimulation itself, the mechanical insertion of the electrode may play a crucial role. Here we aimed to distinguish between the insertional and the DBS effects on brain glucose metabolism. To this end, electrodes were implanted targeting the medial prefrontal cortex in five adult male Wistar rats. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies were performed before surgery (D0) and seven (D7) and nine days (D9) after that. DBS was applied during the 18FDG uptake of the D9 study. PET data were analysed with statistical parametric mapping. We found an electrode insertional effect in cortical areas, while DBS resulted in a more widespread metabolic pattern. The consequences of simultaneous electrode and DBS factors revealed a combination of both effects. Therefore, the insertion metabolic effects differed from the stimulation ones, which should be considered when assessing DBS protocols.

scholarly journals Functional Neural Changes after Low-Frequency Bilateral Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation for Post-Hypoxic Cortical Myoclonus: Voxel-Based Subtraction Analysis of Serial Positron Emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Myung Ji Kim ◽  
So Hee Park ◽  
Kyoung Heo ◽  
Jin Woo Chang ◽  
Joong Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Hypoxic Event ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Deep Brain

Post-hypoxic myoclonus (PHM) and Lance–Adams syndrome (LAS) are rare conditions following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The aim of this study was to identify functional activity in the cerebral cortex after a hypoxic event and to investigate alterations that could be modulated by deep brain stimulation (DBS). A voxel-based subtraction analysis of serial positron emission tomography (PET) scans was performed in a 34-year-old woman with chronic medically refractory PHM that improved with bilateral globus pallidus internus (Gpi) DBS implanted three years after the hypoxic event. The patient required low-frequency stimulation to show myoclonus improvement. Using voxel-based statistical parametric mapping, we identified a decrease in glucose metabolism in the prefrontal lobe including the dorsolateral, orbito-, and inferior prefrontal cortex, which was suspected to be the origin of the myoclonus from postoperative PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after DBS. Based on the present study results, voxel-based subtraction of PET appears to be a useful approach for monitoring patients with PHM treated with DBS. Further investigation and continuous follow-up on the use of PET analysis and DBS treatment for patients with PHM are necessary to help understanding the pathophysiology of PHM, or LAS.

In Vivo Evidence of Deep Brain Stimulation-Induced Dopaminergic Modulation in Tourette's Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. e11-e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kuhn ◽  
Hildegard Janouschek ◽  
Mardjan Raptis ◽  
Steffen Rex ◽  
Doris Lenartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation ◽  
Deep Brain

Reduced limbic connections may contraindicate subgenual cingulate deep brain stimulation for intractable depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. McNab ◽  
Natalie L. Voets ◽  
Ned Jenkinson ◽  
Waney Squier ◽  
Karla L. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Refractory Depression ◽  
Presurgical Planning ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Deep Brain

In this study, the authors performed deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (SACC) in a patient with a history of bipolar disorder. After a right thalamic stroke, intractable depression without mood elevation or a mixed state developed in this patient. He underwent bilateral SACC DBS and died 16 months afterwards. Anatomical connections were studied in this patient preoperatively and postmortem using diffusion tractography (DT). A comparison of in vivo and high resolution ex vivo connectivity patterns was performed as a measure of the utility of in vivo DT in presurgical planning for DBS. Diagnostic measures included neuropsychological testing, preoperative and ex vivo DT, and macroscopic neuropathological assessment. Post-DBS depression rating scores did not improve. In vivo and ex vivo DT revealed markedly reduced limbic projections from the thalamus and SACC to the amygdala in the right (stroke-affected) hemisphere. A highly selective right mediothalamic lesion was associated with the onset of refractory depression. Reduced amygdalar-thalamic and amygdalar-SACC connections could be a contraindication to DBS for depression. Correspondence between preoperative and higher resolution ex vivo DT supports the validity of DT as a presurgical planning tool for DBS.

Susceptibility Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Displays Pallidofugal and Striatonigral Fiber Tracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till M Schneider ◽  
Andreas Deistung ◽  
Uta Biedermann ◽  
Cordula Matthies ◽  
Ralf-Ingo Ernestus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Deep Brain

BACKGROUND The pallidofugal and striatonigral fiber tracts form a functional part of the basal ganglionic neuronal networks. For deep brain stimulation, a surgical procedure applied in the treatment of Parkinson disease and dystonia, precise localization of pallidofugal pathways may be of particular clinical relevance for correct electrode positioning. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the pallidofugal and striatonigral pathways can be visualized with magnetic resonance imaging in vivo by exploiting their intrinsic magnetic susceptibility. METHODS Three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging of 5 volunteers was performed on a 7 T magnetic resonance imaging system. To demonstrate that the displayed tubular structures in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra truly represent fiber tracts rather than veins, gradient-echo data of a formalin-fixated brain and a volunteer during inhalation of ambient air and carbogen were collected at 3 T. Susceptibility weighted images, quantitative susceptibility maps, and effective transverse relaxation maps were reconstructed and the depiction of fiber tracts was qualitatively assessed. RESULTS High-resolution susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging contrasts enabled visualization of pallidofugal and striatonigral fiber tracts noninvasively at 3 T and 7 T. We verified that the stripe-like pattern observed on susceptibility-sensitive images is not caused by veins crossing the internal capsule but by fiber tracts traversing the internal capsule. CONCLUSION Pallidofugal and striatonigral fiber tracts have been visualized in vivo for the first time by using susceptibility-sensitive image contrasts. Considering the course of pallidofugal pathways, in particular for deep brain stimulation procedures in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus, could provide landmarks for optimal targeting during stereotactic planning.

scholarly journals In vivo mapping of current density distribution in brain tissues during deep brain stimulation (DBS)

AIP Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 015004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Z. K. Sajib ◽  
Tong In Oh ◽  
Hyung Joong Kim ◽  
Oh In Kwon ◽  
Eung Je Woo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Current Density Distribution ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

scholarly journals Laser-driven Wireless Deep Brain Stimulation using Temporal Interference and Organic Electrolytic Photocapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian MISSEY ◽  
Mary Jocelyn DONAHUE ◽  
Pascal WEBER ◽  
Ibrahima NGOM ◽  
Emma ACERBO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a technique commonly used both in clinical and fundamental neurosciences. Classically, brain stimulation requires an implanted and wired electrode system to deliver stimulation directly to the target area. Although techniques such as temporal interference (TI) can provide stimulation at depth without involving any implanted electrodes, these methods still rely on a wired apparatus which limits free movement. Herein we report organic photocapacitors as untethered light-driven electrodes which convert deep-red light into electric current. Pairs of these ultrathin devices can be driven using lasers at two different frequencies to deliver stimulation at depth via temporally interfering fields. We validate this concept of laser TI stimulation using numerical modeling, ex vivo tests with phantom samples, and finally in vivo tests. Wireless organic photocapacitors are placed on the cortex and elicit stimulation in the hippocampus, while not delivering off-target stimulation in the cortex. This laser-driven wireless TI evoked a neuronal response at depth that is comparable to control experiments induced with deep brain stimulation protocols using implanted electrodes. Our work shows that a combination of these two techniques, temporal interference and organic electrolytic photocapacitors, provides a reliable way to target brain structures requiring neither deeply implanted electrodes nor tethered stimulator devices. The laser TI protocol demonstrated here address two of the most important drawbacks in the field of deep brain stimulation and thus holds potential to solve many issues in freely-moving animal experiments or for clinical chronic therapy application.

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