scholarly journals Assessments of Antibacterial Effects of Aqueous-Ethanolic Extracts of Sida rhombifolia’s Aerial Part

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Demeke Debalke ◽  
Mastewal Birhan ◽  
Amebaye Kinubeh ◽  
Muluken Yayeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride

Infectious diseases are the critical problems of the world as a result of the emergence of different antimicrobial resistant microorganisms due to several reasons like misuses and repeating uses of antibiotics. Because of this, searching of new treatment method is important from natural substances to against those infectious diseases in both human and animals’ aspects. Among those plants, Sida rhombifolia has various roles against those infectious diseases through its different phytochemical components. The objectives of this study were assessing the antibacterial activity of the aqueous-methanol extract of the plant’s aerial part and knowing the phytochemical constituents of the plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the extract of S. rhombifolia’s aerial part possesses flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and quinines. In addition to this, the antibacterial activity of the plant extract was evaluated on five pathogenic bacteria species using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations of plant extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration determinations were done by tetrazolium chloride microtiter dilution assay. The inhibition zone of mean diameters ranging from 0.00 to 7.67mm against all test bacteria was significantly (p<0.05) much less than that of the positive control Chloroamphinicole (30μg/disc) with the range of 14.33mm-15mm of inhibition zone of diameters. The inhibition zones of the tested bacteria at the concentration of 62.5mg/ml were much less than the higher concentration (500mg/ml) and significantly different (p<0.05), whereas the MIC value ranges from 4.62 to 97.22mg/ml and the MBC value ranges from 4.62 to 125.00mg/ml. Even if the plant extract showed antibacterial activity, it was lower than that of other solvent extraction methods; so other solvent extraction methods and fractionates must be conducted to investigate the antibacterial activities of the plant extract on different bacterial strains and species that cause different diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINDU GETA
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animal in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26±0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33±0.9mm at 25, 50 and 100mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04±0.26 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08±0.52 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureu. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINDU GETA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animal in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26±0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33±0.9mm at 25, 50 and 100mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureu. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, MBC, MIC, Rhamnus prinoides, Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kindu geta ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasingly resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animals in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC values of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S. aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26± 0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33± 0.9 mm at 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against the standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against the standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum Against Gram Positive Pathogenic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Novi Permata Sari ◽  
Rafika Sari ◽  
Eka Kartika Untari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ph Range

Bacteriocin is a secondary metabolite product of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have an antimicrobial and potentially as a natural preservative. LAB isolates used in this study were Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by each isolate of LAB including the influence of pH and heating variation against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibacterial activity test was done by using disc diffusion method. method. Confirmation test using proteolytic enzyme aimed to analyse that the inhibition zone produced from the activity of bacteriocin. The inhibition zone produced from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum against B. cereus were 15.70, 16.43 and 14.50 mm, against B. subtilis were 13.37, 14.10 and 12.53 mm and against S. epidermidis were 11.37, 14.50 and 12.45 mm. The activity of each bacteriocin decreased with the addition of trypsin and catalase, bacteriocin was active in the pH range of 2-10 and heating temperature of 40-121oC. Statistical test showed that the addition of trypsin, catalase and the variation of pH also heating had significant differences (p<0.05) to antibacterial activity produced by bacteriocin from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum. 

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KAPULAGA JAWA (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) TERHADAP Streptococcus pyogenes

EKOLOGIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oom Komala ◽  
. Ismanto ◽  
Muhammad Alan Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Amomum Compactum

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes pharyngitis. Natural treatment to overcome these problems is to use cardamom seeds. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity, determine the concentration of inhibitory zone and phytochemical compounds from  ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Soland. Ex Maton) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The method is used   solid dilution and paper disc diffusion method. The solid dilution method is used for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with a concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% while the paper diffusion method is used for the Inhibition zone Diameter (IZD)  using five treatments namely three concentrations of ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (7.5%, 10% and 12%), one positive control of amoxicillin 0.01 mg/mL and one negative control of sterile distilled water. IZD data were  analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05 and Duncan's further tests to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the MIC  was at a concentration of 7.5% while for the IZD test which had the highest activity there was a concentration of 12% with an average inhibition diameter of 12.03 ± 0.14 mm. In addition, ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins which function in antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

scholarly journals Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aloe vera plant extract prepared by a hydrothermal method and their synergistic antibacterial activity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharaporn Tippayawat ◽  
Nutthakritta Phromviyo ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Apiwat Chompoosor
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Diffusion Method

Background: There is worldwide interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by various chemical reactions for use in applications exploiting their antibacterial activity, even though these processes exhibit a broad range of toxicity in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. To avoid the chemical toxicity, biosynthesis (green synthesis) of metal nanoparticles is proposed as a cost-effective and environmental friendly alternative. Aloe vera leaf extract is a medicinal agent with multiple properties including an antibacterial effect. Moreover the constituents of aloe vera leaves include lignin, hemicellulose, and pectins which can be used in the reduction of silver ions to produce as AgNPs@aloe vera (AgNPs@AV) with antibacterial activity. Methods: AgNPs were prepared by an eco-friendly hydrothermal method using an aloe vera plant extract solution as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs@AV were characterized using XRD and SEM. Additionally, an agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity. MIC and MBC were used to correlate the concentration of AgNPs@AV its bactericidal effect. SEM was used to investigate bacterial inactivation. Then the toxicity with human cells was investigated using an MTT assay. Results: The synthesized AgNPs were crystalline with sizes of 70.70 ± 22-192.02 ± 53 nm as revealed using XRD and SEM. The sizes of AgNPs can be varied through alteration of times and temperatures used in their synthesis. These AgNPs were investigated for potential use as an antibacterial agent to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Their antibacterial activity was tested on S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. The results showed that AgNPs had a high antibacterial which depended on their synthesis conditions, particularly when processed at 100 oC for 6 h and 200 oC for 12 h. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was determined using human PBMCs revealing no obvious cytotoxicity. These results indicated that AgNPs@AV can be effectively utilized in pharmaceutical, biotechnological and biomedical applications. Discussion: Aloe vera extract was processed using a green and facile method. This was a hydrothermal method to reduce silver nitrate to AgNPs@AV. Varying the hydrothermal temperature provided the fine spherical shaped nanoparticles. The size of the nanomaterial was affected by its thermal preparation. The particle size of AgNPs could be tuned by varying both time and temperature. A process using a pure AG phase could go to completion in 6h at 200 oC, whereas reactions at lower temperatures required longer times. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of this hybrid nanomaterial was sufficient that it could be used to inhibit pathogenic bacteria since silver release was dependent upon its particle size. The high activity of the largest AgNPs might have resulted from a high concentration of aloe vera compounds incorporated into the AgNPs during hydrothermal synthesis.

scholarly journals Screening of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Lasimorpha senegalensis for Antibacterial Activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anumudu Obinna H. ◽  
Akaniro Ifunanya R. ◽  
Ofonegbu Mercy N. ◽  
Ibediala John Kennedy C.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Stem Extract

Traditional medicine, though an old practice in disease prophylaxis and therapy, is still widely employed globally to treat various human ailments. In this study conducted at the Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria between October 2018 and January 2019, methanolic and aqueous extracts of an aquatic plant Lasimorpha senegalensis were evaluated for antibacterial activities against human pathogens; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the potency of L. senegalensis against the test organisms at different concentrations. Also, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by tetrazolium chloride microtiter dilution assay. Results showed that; inhibition zone diameters ranging from 0-14 mm for both test organisms using the plant extracts was less than that of the control (septrin and chloramphenicol) ranging from 0-26 mm. MIC ranged from 62.5 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml, lowest MIC was obtained with methanolic stem extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids responsible for the antibacterial activity. Therefore, L. senegalensis should be considered medicinally important as they contain biologically active compounds with curative potentials against infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
kindu geta ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract Medicinal plants offer a major and accessible source of health care to people living in developing countries. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Acanthus sennii is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of different infectious diseases in Ethiopian. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acanthus sennii against pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity tests of the plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate method were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. The results revealed that ethanol extracts of leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with inhibition zone of 14±0.58mm and 17±0.67mm at 50mg/ml and at 25mg/ml respectively. Ethanol extracts of buds showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with inhibition zone of 25.67±0.67mm at 100mg/ml. The lowest mean MIC value (2.6±0.52 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus. The lowest mean MBC value (4.2±1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of S. aureu. Acanthus sennii could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant. Key words: Acanthus sennii, Antibacterial activity, MIC, MBC, pathogenic bacteria

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils ofTagetes minuta(Asteraceae) against Selected Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Muthee Gakuubi ◽  
John M. Wagacha ◽  
Saifuddin F. Dossaji ◽  
Wycliffe Wanzala
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) ofTagetes minutaagainst three phytopathogenic bacteriaPseudomonas savastanoipv.phaseolicola,Xanthomonas axonopodispv.phaseoli, andXanthomonas axonopodispv.manihotis. The essential oils were extracted using steam distillation method in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus while antibacterial activity of the EOs was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for analysis of the chemical profile of the EOs. Twenty compounds corresponding to 96% of the total essential oils were identified with 70% and 30% of the identified components being monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. The essential oils ofT. minutarevealed promising antibacterial activities against the test pathogens withPseudomonas savastanoipv.phaseolicolabeing the most susceptible with mean inhibition zone diameters of 41.83 and 44.83 mm after 24 and 48 hours, respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the EOs on the test bacteria were in the ranges of 24–48 mg/mL and 95–190 mg/mL, respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for the use ofT. minutaessential oils as a botanical pesticide for management of phytopathogenic bacteria.

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