scholarly journals Assessing Prone Areas to Heavy Rainfall and the Impaction of the Upper Warm Temperature Anomaly during March–May Rainfall Season in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantamla Biseke Mafuru ◽  
Tan Guirong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Season ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Upper Level

This study analyses the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy rainfall events (HREs) and its associated circulation anomalies over Tanzania during March to May (MAM) rainfall season of 1980–2010. A total of 822 HREs were revealed, concentrated over the northern sector (NS) of the country. Years with anomalous HREs are associated with low-level westerly convergence, advection of moisture from both the Indian Ocean and Congo basin, an upper warm temperature anomaly (UWTA), intensified and well-positioned Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and pronounced rising motion since the ascending limb of the Walker type of circulation is centered over Tanzania. The analysis of the UWTA in this study has brought a key factor in exploring the possible likely cause and improved early warning system for the HREs during the MAM rainfall season in Tanzania. Making use of the thermal wind equation and the velocity divergent form of the continuity equation (DFCE), we found that the UWTA results into an upper-level horizontal wind divergence which significantly accelerates vertical ascent, deepening the surface low pressure for an enhanced convective process and HREs formation.

Designing a Cultural Heritage Articulated Warning System (CHAWS) strategy to improve disaster risk preparedness in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Victor Marchezini ◽  
Allan Yu Iwama ◽  
Danilo Celso Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo Silva da Conceição ◽  
Rachel Trajber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
Risk Preparedness

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study an articulated warning system that provides information about the heritage at risk and encourages a dialogue between the heritage sector, civil defense agencies and local communities. Design/methodology/approach The databases from the National Heritage Institute, National Civil Defense, National Geological Service and National Early Warning System were investigated and the local community provided input which helped form a participatory risk mapping strategy for a warning system in the heritage sector. Findings There is little knowledge of the Brazilian heritage that is at risk and a lack of coordination between the cultural heritage and DRR sectors. This means that there is a need to organize the geo-referenced databases so that information can be shared and the public provided with broader access. As a result, there can be a greater production, dissemination and application of knowledge to help protect the cultural heritage. Practical implications The findings can be included in the debate about the importance of framing disaster risk management (DRM) policies in the Brazilian heritage sector. Social implications The findings and maps of the case study in the town of São Luiz do Paraitinga involve the heritage sector, civil defense agencies and local people and can be used for disaster risk preparedness. Originality/value A DRM program is being formulated in Brazil. However, the kind of strategy needed to incorporate the heritage sector in this program stills needs to be planned, and the knowledge of the cultural heritage at risk is a key factor when faced with this new social and scientific challenge.

scholarly journals Mesoscale Convective Systems: A Case Scenario of the ‘Heavy Rainfall’ Event of 15–20 January 2013 over Southern Africa

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Modise Wiston ◽  
Kgakgamatso Marvel Mphale
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Mesoscale Convective Systems ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Upper Level

Southern east Africa is prone to some extreme weather events and interannual variability of the hydrological cycle, including tropical cyclones and heavy rainfall events. Most of these events occur during austral summer and are linked to shifts in the intertropical convergence zone, changes in El Niño Southern Oscillation signatures, sea surface temperature and sea level pressure. A typical example include mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that occur between October and March along the eastern part, adjacent to the warm waters of Mozambique Channel and Agulhas Current. In this study we discuss a heavy rainfall event over southern Africa, focusing particularly on the period 15–20 January 2013, the period during which MCSs were significant over the subcontinent. This event recorded one of the historic rainfalls due to extreme flooding and overflows, loss of lives and destruction of economic and social infrastructure. An active South Indian Convergence Zone was associated with the rainfall event sustained by a low-level trough linked to a Southern Hemisphere planetary wave pattern and an upper-level ridge over land. In addition, also noteworthy is a seemingly strong connection to the strength of the African Easterly Jet stream. Using rainfall data, satellite imagery and re-analysis (model processed data combined with observations) data, our analysis indicates that there was a substantial relation between rainfall totals recorded/observed and the presence of MCSs. The low-level trough and upper-level ridge contributed to moisture convergence, particularly from tropical South East Atlantic Ocean, which in turn contributed to the prolonged life span of the rainfall event. Positive temperature anomalies favored the substantial contribution of moisture fluxes from the Atlantic Ocean. This study provides a contextual assessment of rainfall processes and insight into the physical control mechanisms and feedback of large-scale convective interactions over tropical southern Africa.

Relation of General Activity in Rats to Environmental Temperature

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Finger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Circadian Fluctuation ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Reduced Activity

The relation between ambient temperature and amount and pattern of wheel running was examined in four experiments, with a total of 88 adult male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, under conditions of 12-hr. light/12-hr. dark. While lowering of temperature from baseline of 21—25°C to 4—7°C most typically led to increased running, consistently reduced running characterized a substantial number of individuals, especially those with relatively high baseline scores. When comparison trials were run at 27°C, reduced activity was recorded for virtually all subjects. As temperature was elevated above 27°C, however, there was in most cases an upturn. At 34°C, 24-hr. running scores tended to exceed baseline level for about half the animals, and running during the light 12 hr. of the day was above baseline for virtually all. Analysis of the temporal distribution suggests that the thermoregulatory reduction of activity, readily demonstrated at the moderately warm temperature, is complicated by efforts to escape as the environment becomes aversively hot. Failure of previous investigators to observe this is attributable in part to apparatus and recording differences. It is speculated that the pattern of response to extreme temperatures is closely related to the circadian fluctuation of internal temperature.

Influence of Salinity on Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Laohe Estuarine Wetland, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1332-1336
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jie Bai ◽  
Yang Guo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factor ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Estuarine Wetland ◽  
Key Factor

Soil salinization in Laohe estuarine wetland is becoming more serious, thus the characteristics of AOB in different salt salinity have drawn more attention. Our study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in different salinity soils in Laohe estuarine wetland. Results show that the largest amount of AOB appeared when salinity was 10g/kg, and decrease when salinity was higher (15g/kg, 20g/kg) or lower (2g/kg, 5g/kg). The distribution of AOB shows that the AOB amount is larger in surface layer (0-20cm) than middle layer (20-40cm) or the bottom layer (40-60cm); the AOB is more abundant in summer than autumn. Results indicate that salinity is a key factor on the AOB abundance, but not an influencer on the vertical and temporal distribution of AOB in estuarine wetland. Temperature and organic content are the related factors of the vertical distribution of AOB abundance, and the growth of reed is also an important influence factor on the variation of AOB during different seasons.

scholarly journals Short-term prediction of the horizontal wind vector within a wake vortex warning system

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frech ◽  
Frank Holzäpfel ◽  
Thomas Gerz ◽  
Jens Konopka
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Wake Vortex ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Short Term Prediction

scholarly journals Very heavy rainfall over Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana during 24-27 September 1988- case study

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
D. S. DESAI ◽  
N. B. TRADE ◽  
M. G. HUPRIKAR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Westerly Trough ◽  
Upper Level

Heavy to exceptionally very heavy rainfall over Haryana Punjab and Himachal Pradesh during 24-27 September 1988 was associated with the low level easterly trough which was overlain by upper level diffluent westerly trough. The case study of this phenomenon is reported here.  

scholarly journals Assessing the Variability of Heavy Rainfall during October to December Rainfall Season in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-283
Author(s):  
Lovina Peter Japheth ◽  
Guirong Tan ◽  
Ladislaus Benedict Chang’a ◽  
Agnes Lawrence Kijazi ◽  
Kantamla Biseke Mafuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Season

scholarly journals Features of weather types involving heavy rainfall along the southern Spanish Mediterranean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Senciales-González ◽  
J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

Heavy rainfall events in the Mediterranean can be of high intensity, commonly exceeding 100 mm day-1, and have irregular spatio-temporal distribution. Such events can have significant impacts both on soils and human structures. The aim of this paper is to highlight a systematic comparison of synoptic conditions with heavy rainfall events in Mediterranean Southern Spain, assessing the weather types responsible for meteorological risk in specific locations of this mountainous region. To do this, we analyzed the maximum intensity of rainfall in observational periods ranging from 10 min to 24 h using a database from 132 rain gauge stations across the study area since 1943; then, the heavy rain has been associated with the weather type which triggers it. This analysis identified a pattern of heavy rainfall which differs from that previously reported in the Mediterranean area. Thus, in this research, the maximum number of heavy rainfall events uses to come from a dominant pattern of low pressures associated to front systems and East-Northeast winds; but the maximum volumes use to be associated to Cold Drops and the same winds; in addition, there are differences throughout the territory, showing several patterns and seasonal incidence when analyzing sub-zones, which may be related with different erosive conditions according to its position with respect to Atlantic or Mediterranean sea, and the entity of its relief.

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