scholarly journals Intercropping of Gramineous Pasture Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Leguminous Forage Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Increases the Resistance of Plants to Heavy Metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuantuan Cui ◽  
Linchuan Fang ◽  
Mengke Wang ◽  
Mao Jiang ◽  
Guoting Shen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Intercropping can increase the biomass of plants and reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. However, the mechanisms of intercropping increasing plant biomass and resistance to heavy metals are still unclear. Therefore, the pot experiment had been conducted to investigate the effect of intercropping treatment on the growth of gramineous pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and leguminous forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in metal-contaminated soil. Our results showed that intercropping alleviated inhibition of heavy metals to plant growth and increased nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the Pb concentrations in the shoots and roots of ryegrass and alfalfa in the intercropping were significantly lower than those in the monoculture. And, the contents of saccharase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in the intercropping treatment. Additionally, the intercropping treatment could reduce the oxidative damage and increase enzymatic antioxidant activities to improve the resistance of plants in contaminated soil. The intercropping treatment can increase the resistance of plants to heavy metals through reduction of plant oxidative damage and increase of antioxidant activity. It could provide us with a strategy that intercropping of ryegrass and alfalfa can increase biomass and reduce the absorption of Pb on forage plants.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and trace elements in Medicago sativa L. grown along the E75 route section Belgrade-Leskovac

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Pivic ◽  
Zoran Dinic ◽  
Aleksandar Stanojkovic ◽  
Jelena Maksimovic ◽  
Dragana Josic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
L 14 ◽  
Metals And Trace Elements

The contents of heavy metals and trace elements and their accumulation in Medicago sativa L., cultivated on Eutric cambisol along the E75 route section Belgrade-Leskovac, were examined in order to assess the health and safety of animal feed. The samples of soil and aerial parts of the plant material were collected from both sides of lanes at 10, 30, 50 and 400 m perpendicular to the direction of the highway. Soil and plant analyses of the metals content were done according to ICP methodology. The results showed that at the locality L 14, a distance of 30 and 50 meters away from the lanes, the content of total forms of Cr, Ni and Pb in soil was above the maximum permissible concentration. In the plant biomass it was determined the following: in a sample from the location L 14 at a distance of 50 meters from the lanes concentrations of Ni and Co were higher than normal values, and concentrations of Fe and Pb were above toxic levels or maximum tolerance levels for animal feed; determined Fe content in the sample of alfalfa at location L 11, 400 m away from the lanes, and Ni in the sample from the site D 12 at a distance of 50 m from the lanes, was above the normal values, while in the sample from D12 location, at a distance of 30 m from the lanes, the content of Pb was above the toxic levels or maximum tolerance levels for animal feed. The results suggest a caution in the use of alfalfa, grown near the highway route, for animal feed because of the potential entry of heavy metals into the food chain.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. at the contaminated fluvisol

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Jaksic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Sanja Vasiljevic ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Recently, heavy metals concentrations increased in some agricultural areas due to the consequences of anthropogenic impacts. The aim of this study was to determine the level of heavy metals (As, Cr, Ni and Pb) in Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. grown on fluvisol, in order to obtain information on safety of these nutrients. The total content of Pb, As, Cr and Ni in the samples of fluvisol was above the maximum allowable amount. The content of heavy metals in Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. was below the critical and toxic concentrations in all samples originating from contaminated soil. It was concluded that the accumulation of heavy metals in plants did not depend only on the total content in soil, but also the affinity of the plant, and individual and interactive effects of various soil properties. No statistically significant differences in the accumulation of heavy metals between Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L were observed. It is necessary to further control of heavy metals in the investigated area, in order to prevent their entry into the food chain and provide healthy food.

The Genus Pithomyces in South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. O. Marasas ◽  
Ingrid H. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
South African ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Free State ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Descriptions are given of South African isolates of  Pithomyces sacchari (Speg.) M. B. Ellis, Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. Curt.) M. B. Ellis and  Pithomyces karoo  Marasas Schumann, sp. nov.  P. sacchari and P. chartarum were isolated from Medicago sativa L. seed.  P. chartarum was also isolated from dead leaves of Lolium perenne L. and  Sporobolus capensis (Willd.) Kunth. plants from artificial pastures in the eastern Cape Province.  P. karoo was isolated from stems of Gnidia polycephala (C.A. Mey.) Gilg and  Rhigozum trichotomum Burch, from the Karoo, Cape Province and from Avena sativa L. stubble collected in the Orange Free State.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation effect of Medicago sativa colonized by Piriformospora indica in the phenanthrene and cadmium co-contaminated soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Pengyue Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil ◽  
Quantum Efficiency Of Psii

Abstract Background: Coexistence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals deleteriously threatens the quality of environmental health . Few reports uncover the mechanism of inoculation plants with Piriformospora indica for remediating PAH- m etal co-contaminated soil by analyzing the chemical speciations of contaminants . This study investigated the influence of inoculation Medicago sativa with P. indica to remediate phenanthrene (kind of PAHs ) , and cadmium (one of heavy metals ) co-contaminated soil by analyzing the plant growth, physiological parameters and chemical speciation in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere . Results: T he presence of P. indica significantly increased plants tolerance, Chlorophyll a , Chlorophyll b , maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and electron transport rate values in phenanthrene an d /or cadmium contaminated soil. P. indica inoculation in M edicago sativa root increased f luorescein diacetate activities in phenanthrene, cadmium and both of that co-contaminated soil, especially in non-rhizosphere . The presence of phenanthrene hindered the inoculated plant from accumulating cadmium to some extent ; Whereas the presence of cadmium did not hinder the degradation of phenanthrene in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere after P. indica colonization. Although the poor bioavailability of cadmium in rhizosphere restricted the transportation into stem, P. indica colonization in plant efficiently increased cadmium accumulation in root in cadmium and phenanthrene co-contaminated soil. Conclusions: In conclusion, t he work provides the theoretical basis that Piriformospora indica combined with Medicago sativa contributed to the remediation of PAH-Metal co-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad ruminal del rastrojo de arroz tratado con urea en rumiantes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
JORGE GRIJALVA OLMEDO ◽  
María Torres Ayala ◽  
Jaime Hernández Silva
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ad Libitum

El rastrojo de arroz constituido por tallos y hojas, puede ser un importante subproducto de cosecha del grano de arroz para ser utilizado en la dieta de rumiantes, en razón de su abundante disponibilidad. El aumento de las regulaciones y restricciones sobre la quema de rastrojos, ha estimulado el interés por usar para otros propósitos, incluyendo la alimentación del ganado. La técnica de degradación in situ ha sido ampliamente adoptada para evaluar la tasa de degradación de alimentos en el rumen. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar mediante la técnica de degradación ruminal in situ, la degradabilidad de la materia seca (MS) del rastrojo de arroz tratado con seis niveles de urea: 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 y 40 g kg MS-1. Los sustratos secos fueron fragmentados en dos tamaños de partícula: una parte picada a 2 cm y otra parte molida a 2 mm, ambos tipos de sustratos fueron incubados en horno de aire forzado a 40 °C durante 10 días. Se utilizaron ocho vacas provistas de cánula ruminal para los ensayos de digestibilidad in situ, a 48 y 96 horas de incubación en rumen. Cuatro vacas recibieron una Dieta de Alta Actividad Ruminal (AAR) ajustada a consumo de 5 kg MS día-1 de heno de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) + heno de una mezcla forrajera (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov, Lolium perenne L. y Dactilys glomerata L.) ad libitum + 1.8 kg de concentrado, y cuatro vacas restantes recibieron una Dieta de Baja Actividad Ruminal (BAR) basada en heno de la misma mezcla forrajera y concentrado. Los datos fueron analizados mediante regresión múltiple por pasos sucesivos. Los resultados muestran aumentos en la degradabilidad de la MS con el incremento en el nivel de urea en dietas con AAR y a 96 horas de incubación. El tamaño de partícula no afectó la respuesta animal. Se concluye que este subproducto de cosecha tratado con urea puede ser una importante fuente de fibra para rumiantes en los trópicos

scholarly journals The production and water extraction of lucerne and ryegrass under different irrigation frequencies on a shallow soil.

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
A.J. Michel ◽  
H.E. Brown ◽  
E.I. Teixeira ◽  
E.D. Meenken ◽  
S. Maley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Abstract A field experiment was conducted on a shallow soil (low plant available water holding capacity) at Lincoln (Canterbury, New Zealand) to compare the biomass production of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under four different irrigation frequencies: (T1) replacing water use (WU) twice a week (replicating centre pivot rewetting frequencies); (T2) replacing WU fortnightly (replicating travelling irrigator); (T3) replacing WU every 3 weeks (replicating border dyke); (T4) nil irrigation (rain fed only). Soil water content was measured hourly at 0-30 cm depth and fortnightly at 0-150 cm depth. Plots were sown in March 2011 and defoliated on eight (ryegrass) and five to six (lucerne) occasions each season between September 2011 and May 2014. Annual biomass production during the first year was highest for ryegrass under each treatment because the lucerne crops were still establishing. During the second and third year of experimentation ryegrass yielded higher or similar to lucerne under the irrigated treatments (T1, T2 and T3). This was attributed to a decline in lucerne stands due to weed pressure. It is important to note that the ryegrass crop has received 250-700 kg N/ha per year depending on the irrigation treatment. Under dry conditions (T4) ryegrass yielded more than lucerne in both year 2 and 3. This result contrasts the literature and is attributed to the greater capacity of ryegrass to grow in cooler season and the stony sub-soil meaning lucerne received no summer yield advantage from its deep tap root. Key words: Medicago sativa L., Lolium perenne, biomass, water extraction, irrigation frequency

scholarly journals Phytoremediation effect of Medicago sativa colonized by Piriformospora indica in the phenanthrene and cadmium co-contaminated soil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Pengyue Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Abstract Background:Coexistence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals deleteriously threatens the quality of environmental health. Few reports uncover the mechanism of inoculation plants with Piriformospora indica for remediating PAH-metal co-contaminated soil by analyzing the chemical speciations of contaminants. This study investigated the influence of inoculation Medicago sativa with Piriformospora indica to remediate phenanthrene (kind of PAHs), and cadmium (one of heavy metals) co-contaminated soil by analyzing the plant growth, physiological parameters and chemical speciation in rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil. Results:The presence of P. indica significantly increased plants tolerance, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and electron transport rate values in phenanthrene and/or cadmium contaminated soil. P. indica inoculation in M. sativa root increased fluorescein diacetate activities in phenanthrene, cadmium and both of that co-contaminated soil, especially in non-rhezospheric soil. The presence of phenanthrene hindered the inoculated plant from accumulating cadmium to some extent; Whereas the presence of cadmium did not hinder the degradation of phenanthrene in both rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil after P. indica colonization. Although the poor bioavailability of cadmium in rhizospheric soil restricted the transportation into stem, P. indica colonization in plant efficiently increased cadmium accumulation in root in cadmium and phenanthrene co-contaminated soil. Conclusions: In conclusion, the work provides the theoretical basis that Piriformospora indica combined with Medicago sativa contributed to the remediation of PAH-Metal co-contaminated soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document