scholarly journals Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer from Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Khalil El-Chaer ◽  
Clayton Franco Moraes ◽  
Otávio Toledo Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
New Biomarkers

Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth most common type of neoplasm in the world and the second in prevalence among men (10% of all cases), there is shortage of studies focused on primary prevention of the disorder as well as little understanding on its pathophysiology. Currently, the PCa screening tools are the prostate specific antigen (PSA) dosage conjugated to rectal examination and confirmed by prostate biopsy. Despite the name, the PSA presents reduced specificity, being necessary the identification of new biomarkers that allow an earlier and more precise diagnosis and even better prognosis. Several studies have associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) to PCa tumorigenesis and metastasis. Most of the studies so far have been carried out by investigating in situ expression of the metalloproteinases, either by transcriptional measures or by immunohistochemistry with biopsy or postoperative tissue. Investigations in human plasma and serum are scarce, and a bibliographical search resulted in 17 studies which are presented and interpreted herein. This narrative review discusses their settings and findings along with aspects related to circulating metalloproteinases as potential biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of the prostatic malignancy, expressing the authors' reticent view on their applicability due to the poor quality of evidence available.

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3373
Author(s):  
Milena Matuszczak ◽  
Jack A. Schalken ◽  
Maciej Salagierski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Pattern and Presentation of Prostate Cancer at a Referral Centre in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana; A 10-Year Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region ◽  
Brong Ahafo

Introduction: Prostate cancer is gradually reaching a very high incidence in Africa, especially in the Sub-Saharan region. Understanding the dynamics in occurrence of the disorder is one approach to developing effective public health programmes and interventions that will help curb the rising incidence. Objective: This study was aimed at providing comprehensive and credible data on prostate cancer by assessing the incidence, trend and presentation in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. We sought to provide region-specific hardcore data that will help to assess the issue and provide remedies. Methodology: All prostate disease cases recorded from the year 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects from 40 years and above were eligible for screening. Diagnostic and screening tools for prostate cancer at the study site include family history, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, digital rectal examination, urological ultrasound scan and histopathology (biopsy). Age, PSA values and year of screening/diagnosis were also retrieved from patient folders for the study. Histological findings and parameters considered in the study included diagnosis, carcinoma grading, perineural invasion (PNI) and percentage of affected tissues (%TA). Results: Prostate cancer cases were 369, representing 36.4% of the 1,014 prostate diseases studied. The highest annual incidence was recorded in 2014 with 51 cases (13.8%). The ages of patients ranged from 46 to 101 years with a modal age range of 70 - 79 years and a mean ± SD of 72.2 ± 9.8. The mean PSA value recorded was 37.1ng/ml (±107.3) with predominance in the 11 - 20.9 ng/ml range. Majority of Group Grade 2-5 (79%) constituted progressive prostate cancer. There was no significant correlation (p = 0.091) between grade of prostate cancer and perineural invasion. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of prostate cancer in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana (32 per 100,000), predominantly advanced prostatic carcinoma. Reported cases also show high %TA (38.7%) and PNI (38.0%). Early screening for prostate diseases should be encouraged to avoid progression to advanced stage and public health interventions are needed to address some of these issues.

Detection of COX-2 in liquid biopsy of patients with prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2021-207755
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva Pereira ◽  
Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
Jaques Waisberg ◽  
Fernando Fonseca ◽  
Flavia Gehrke
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cox 2

AimsTo determine the profile of COX-2 gene expression in patients with prostate cancer attended at the ABC University Health Center outpatient clinic and correlate the results with patients’ anatomopathological examinations. Prostate cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide and the second in Brazil. COX-2 expression is associated with an unfavourable prognosis.Methods15.0 mL of peripheral blood were collected from 24 patients and 25 healthy men. RNA extraction was performed using the QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kit. Complementary DNA synthesis was performed using SuperScript II RNAse Reverse Transcriptase. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed with specific COX-2 oligonucleotides and the endogenous GAPDH gene.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 69 years old. The Gleason scoring system showed 37.5% of patients with Gleason 6 (slow growth, low risk), 45.8% with Gleason 7 (intermediate risk) and 16.7% with Gleason 8 or 9 (risk of high-grade cancer). The median COX-2 expression in the study group was 0.97, while in the control group it was 0.11 (p<0.045).ConclusionsPatients with prostate cancer showed higher COX-2 expression at diagnosis compared with the control group. Since COX-2 detection associated with prostate-specific antigen dosage shows promise as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with prostate cancer, further research is required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Cabazitaxel for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Retrospective Data Analysis from an Indian Centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-515
Author(s):  
Vanita Noronha ◽  
Amit Joshi ◽  
Vamshi Krishna Muddu ◽  
Vijay Maruti Patil ◽  
Kumar Prabhash
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Named Patient Programme

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients from the named patient programme (NPP) at our centre. Methods: mCRPC patients who progressed on docetaxel were given cabazitaxel intravenously every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Overall survival, progression-free survival, prostate-specific antigen response, quality of life (QOL) changes, and safety were reported. Results: Nine men received cabazitaxel (median: 7 cycles; range: 1–27) under the NPP and were followed until death. Median survival was 14.07 months (1.07–23.80) and progression-free survival was 2.67 months (1.07–20.27). QOL was stable for most patients. Common adverse events (grade ≥3) were neutropenia (n = 8), anaemia (n = 4), and leucopenia (n = 4). Conclusion: These data from 9 patients are consistent with the results reported in the TROPIC study with a manageable safety profile.

New biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of localized prostate cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry A. Chistiakov ◽  
Veronika A. Myasoedova ◽  
Andrey V. Grechko ◽  
Alexandra A. Melnichenko ◽  
Alexander N. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
New Biomarkers

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Quality of Life Between Physically Active and Underactive Older Men With Prostate Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Boisen ◽  
Chris Krägeloh ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Clare Ryan ◽  
Jonathan Masters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Prostate Cancer Survivors

Men with prostate cancer experience many side effects and symptoms that may be improved by a physically active lifestyle. It was hypothesized that older men with prostate cancer who were physically active would report significantly higher levels of quality of life (QOL) as assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-OLD. Of the 348 prostate cancer survivors who were invited to participate in the present postal survey, 137 men returned the questionnaires. Those who were physically active had significantly lower prostate specific antigen (PSA) scores and higher social participation than those insufficiently active. These findings offer some support for the benefits of physical activity (PA) within the prostate cancer population in managing the adverse side effects of their treatments on aspects of their QOL. Future research should more closely examine what types of PA best promote improvements in varying aspects of QOL and psychological well-being for prostate cancer survivors.

scholarly journals PSA screening for prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 722-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus V. Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Baseline Values

Summary Screening of prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a highly controversial issue. One part of the controversy is due to the confusion between population screening and early diagnosis, another derives from problems related to the quality of existing screening studies, the results of radical curative treatment for low grade tumors and the complications resulting from treatments that affect the patient’s quality of life. Our review aimed to critically analyze the current recommendations for PSA testing, based on new data provided by the re-evaluation of the ongoing studies and the updated USPSTF recommendation statement, and to propose a more rational and selective use of PSA compared with baseline values obtained at an approximate age of 40 to 50 years.

Retrospective mathematical analysis of serial prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements for patients with M0 prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen suppression (IAS).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15201-e15201
Author(s):  
Celestia S. Higano ◽  
Yoshito Hirata ◽  
Koichiro Akakura ◽  
Nicholas Bruchovsky ◽  
Kazuyuki Aihara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Castration Resistance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intermittent Androgen Suppression ◽  
The Individual

e15201 Background: Recently a phase III trial demonstrated that IAS was non-inferior to continuous AS in men with M0 disease after primary or salvage radiation and quality of life was better in the intermittent arm (Crook ASCO 2011). In that trial, men were treated with 8 months of AS followed by a variable time off AS driven by the absolute PSA value. The Hirata mathematical model describes the dynamics of prostate cancer treated with IAS (Hirata et al, J of Theoretical Biol 2010). In the model, there are three classes of cancer cells: a class of androgen dependent (AD) cells and two classes of androgen independent (AI:X1 and AI:X2) cells. During AS, AD cells will change to the two AI classes, and during the off treatment period, AI:X1 cells will revert to AD cells whereas AI:X2 cells cannot revert to either AD or AI:X1 cells. Methods: After IRB approval, we applied the Hirata model using serial monthly PSAs from men with M0 disease treated with IAS from Japan, Canada, and the United States. The proportions of men from each country who fell into the 3 categories of patients previously defined by the Hirata model were compared. Results: Serial PSAs from 26 men from Japan, 72 from Canada, and 79 from US were put into the model. The 3 categories of patients from the model include: (i) those with disease that will remain androgen sensitive and will respond to IAS without development of castration resistance (CRPC) (ii) those who will benefit from IAS but will develop CRPC sooner than those in group (i), (iii) those for whom continuous AS is superior to IAS. The datasets from each country show a similar distribution among the categories, and overall there were 42%, 51%, and 7% falling into groups i, ii, and iii respectively. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis shows that men with M0 disease treated with IAS fall into the 3 categories predicted by the Hirata model in similar proportions, regardless of country of origin. The ability to apply this model to the individual patient in the clinic is currently under development. The model may ultimately be able to optimize both the on and off treatment durations of IAS and to predict those patients who will most benefit from this approach.

Associations between uncertainty, anxiety, and quality of life in men with favorable-risk prostate cancer on active surveillance: Two-and-a-half years' follow-up.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Parker ◽  
John W. Davis ◽  
David Latini ◽  
George Baum ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Illness Uncertainty ◽  
Disease Specific

135 Background: Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a viable option for many men with early stage prostate cancer (PC). This approach of careful monitoring with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, digital rectal examination, and prostate biopsy may allow men to avoid or delay the potentially debilitating side effects of such aggressive treatments as surgery or radiation; however, AS may create uncertainty and anxiety for men with PC. We examined the associations between illness uncertainty and anxiety and general and PC-specific quality of life (QOL) of 191 men with favorable-risk PC participating in the AS program at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: Men completed measures of uncertainty (Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and general (SF-12, Physical Health [PCS] and Mental Health Component Score [MCS]) and disease-specific (Expanded Prostate Index Composite [EPIC]) QOL questionnaires upon study entry and every 6 months. These results are through a 2.5 year follow-up. Results: Men were primarily (86%) white and an average age of 67.2 (SD=8.9). Average baseline PSA was 3.3 ng/mL (SD=1.6), 98% had a Gleason score of 6, and 85% had cT1c disease. Both general and PC-specific QOL were relatively unchanged across the 2.5 year study period, except for statistically significant declines in the EPIC Sexual score (p<0.05). Controlling for demographic (age, ethnicity) and clinical characteristics (study entry PSA, PSA density, testosterone, BMI, baseline number of biopsies, family history of cancer, whether patients were taking a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, and whether the tumor was reclassified during the study), illness uncertainty was a significant predictor of all EPIC summary scores, PCS, and MCS (all, p<0.05). Anxiety was also a significant predictor of all EPIC summary scores and MCS (all, p<0.05), but not PCS (p=0.08). Conclusions: Both increased anxiety and increased illness uncertainty were associated with poorer general and disease specific QOL. Interventions that focus on reducing uncertainty and anxiety may enhance the QOL of men on AS for PC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document