scholarly journals Presence of Rickettsia Species in a Marginalized Area of Yucatan, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspar Peniche-Lara ◽  
Bertha Jimenez-Delgadillo ◽  
Claudia Munoz-Zanzi ◽  
María Cárdenas-Marrufo ◽  
Carlos Pérez-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsial Infection ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

In the state of Yucatan, Mexico, rickettsiosis has become a common vector-borne disease in the general population. Ectoparasite species such as Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma mixtum have been identified as Rickettsia vectors in Yucatan by studies focused on the wild animal population in rural areas. There have been studies that have tried to determine the presence of Rickettsia species in ectoparasites collected in Yucatan, but these studies did not include marginalized areas, where living in close contact with domestic and peridomestic animals that carry ectoparasites is a high-risk factor for acquiring rickettsial infection or many other vector-borne diseases. We evaluated the vector diversity and the presence of Rickettsia species presence in the ectoparasite population that parasitizes domestic animals in a marginalized rural town of Yucatan, Mexico; we also evaluated the seroprevalence of rickettsial antibodies in the human population of this town in order to determine the prevalence of rickettsial infection. A total of 437 ectoparasites were collected from the study area. The tick specimens collected belonged to the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=380, 49 positive), Amblyomma mixtum (n=3, 0 positive), Ixodes affinis (n=4, 0 positive), Ctenocephalides felis (n=33, 0 positive), and Trichodectes canis (n=17, 0 positive). Conventional polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to identify the DNA of Rickettsia. Six out of 354 (1.8%) serum samples were positive for antibody to R. typhi. The combination of low antibody titers and the presence of Rickettsia species infecting ectoparasite species found in the study area requires eco-epidemiological studies and the identification of potentially protective practices or habits.

A brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) bite at sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
E Stachow
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Brown Dog Tick ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Maritime Environment

AbstractMedical Officers (MOs) and Medical Branch Ratings (MBRs) must maintain an awareness of the risk of vector-borne diseases among deployed personnel.Personnel working in the maritime environment may not expect to be at risk of tick bites, as ticks typically occupy habitats with dense vegetation such as forests or scrub land. However, tick-borne pathogens can cause serious and sometimes fatal disease, and therefore the risk of tick bites and associated diseases should be recognised.We present a case of a tick bite in a member of a ship’s company eight days after leaving port. The tick was identified as a brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), a species known to thrive indoors. We describe several important tick-borne diseases which can be transmitted by R. sanguineus and explore best practice for tick removal and aftercare. Finally, we outline the appropriate management of suspected tick-borne disease in deployed personnel in the maritime environment.

scholarly journals New Real-Time PCRs to Differentiate Rickettsia spp. and Rickettsia conorii

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Blanda ◽  
Rosalia D’Agostino ◽  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
Kety Randazzo ◽  
Francesco La Russa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Dna Primers

Rickettsia species are an important cause of emerging infectious diseases in people and animals, and rickettsiosis is one of the oldest known vector-borne diseases. Laboratory diagnosis of Rickettsia is complex and time-consuming. This study was aimed at developing two quantitative real-time PCRs targeting ompB and ompA genes for the detection, respectively, of Rickettsia spp. and R. conorii DNA. Primers were designed following an analysis of Rickettsia gene sequences. The assays were optimized using SYBR Green and TaqMan methods and tested for sensitivity and specificity. This study allowed the development of powerful diagnostic methods, able to detect and quantify Rickettsia spp. DNA and differentiate R. conorii species.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Controlling Urban Mosquito-Borne Diseases in a Changing Urban Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ligsay ◽  
Olivier Telle ◽  
Richard Paul
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world’s population by 2050 and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities’ surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of such vector-borne diseases. Many of the major mosquito-borne diseases are urban and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Mitigation strategies beneficial for one sector may, however, be detrimental for another. Implementation of inter-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labour and health) do exist and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among inter-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.

scholarly journals Endoparasites and vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Greek islands: pathogen distribution and zoonotic implications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Diakou ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Mariasole Colombo ◽  
Lenaig Halos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractThe present study investigated the presence of endo- and ecto-parasites, and vector-borne pathogens, in dogs from four islands of Greece. A total of 200 owned and sheltered dogs were examined with different microscopic, serological and molecular methods.Of the examined dogs, 130 (65%) were positive for one or more parasites and/or vector-borne pathogens. The most common zoonotic intestinal helminths recorded were Ancylostomatidae (12.5%) and Toxocara canis (3.5%). Ninety-three dogs (46.5%) seroreacted to Rickettsia conorii. Twenty-two (11%) of them were also PCR positive and 7 (3.5%) showed corpuscoles suggestive of Rickettsia spp. on the blood smears. Nineteen dogs (9.5%) were seropositive for Ehrlichia canis, three of them being also PCR positive. Dogs positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Anaplasma platys (1%), Dirofilaria immitis (0.5%) and Babesia canis (0.5%) were also found. Fleas and ticks were recorded in 53 (26.5%) and 50 (25%) dogs and all specimens were identified as Ctenocephalides felis felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu latu. Binary multiple univariate Generalized Linear Models were used to investigate factors and clinical signs related to the recorded positivity, while the association of specific signs with the pathogens was evaluated using tests of independence. Knowledge of occurrence and impact of zoonotic parasites and vector-borne pathogens in dog populations is crucial to prevent the infection in animals and people, and to control the risk of spreading of these pathogens in endemic and non-endemic areas.Author summaryBoth owned and sheltered dogs can harbor a variety of intestinal and extra-intestinal endoparasites, as well as vector-borne pathogens and ectoparasites, of zoonotic concern. Dog shelters and stray dogs are present in several touristic areas of Greece, including Sporades and Cyclades islands, where tourists often bring their pets with them, likely travelling from non-endemic to endemic areas. The present study has been carried out with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of the aforementioned pathogens. Data obtained showed that they are present in canine populations of Greece, with possibilities of infection for travelling dogs, which can also contribute to the spreading of zoonotic vector-borne diseases, introducing new pathogens in previously non-endemic areas. For these reasons, a constant monitoring of the epidemiological situation, improving control measures and correct diagnostic approaches are of primary importance for the prevention of canine and human infections, decreasing the spreading of potentially deadly pathogens.

scholarly journals Fauna and Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kashan County, Central Iran, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Sadat Asgarian ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
Rouhullah Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
First Time

Background: Mosquitoes are responsible for spreading devastating parasites and pathogens causing some important infectious diseases. The present study was done to better understand and update the fauna of Culicidae and to find out the distribution and the type of their larval habitats in Kashan County. Methods: This study was done in four districts of Kashan County (Central, Qamasr, Niasar and Barzok). Mosquito lar-vae were collected from 23 active larval habitats using a standard 350ml capacity mosquito dipper from April to late December 2019. The collected larvae were transferred to containers containing lactophenol, and after two weeks indi-vidually mounted in Berlese's fluid on a microscope slide and identified to species by morphological characters and valid keys. Results: In this study, a total of 9789 larvae were collected from urban and rural areas in Kashan County. The identified genera were Anopheles, Culiseta and Culex. In this study larvae of An. turkhudi, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. deserticola and Cs. subochrea were collected for the first time from Kashan County. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence and activity of different mosquito species in Kashan County that some of them are vectors of arbovirus and other vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Serosurvey for tick-borne diseases in dogs from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Granziera Spolidorio ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Samantha Yuri Oshiro Branco Valadas ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia

Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in Brazilian dogs. Few studies have focused attention in surveying tick-borne diseases in the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 129 blood samples were collected from dogs living in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Seventy-two samples from dogs from rural areas of 19 municipalities and 57 samples from urban stray dogs from Santarém municipality were collected. Serum samples were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with antigens ofBabesia canis vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, and six Rickettsia species. The frequency of dogs containing anti-B. canis vogeli, anti-E. canis, and anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies was 42.6%, 16.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. Anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies were detected in 59.6% of the urban dogs, and in 29.1% of the rural dogs (P < 0.05). For E. canis, seroprevalence was similar among urban (15.7%) and rural (16.6%) dogs. ForRickettsia spp., rural dogs presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence (40.3%) than urban animals (21.1%). This first study on tick-borne pathogens in dogs from the Brazilian eastern Amazon indicates that dogs are exposed to several agents, such asBabesia organisms, mostly in the urban area; Spotted Fever group Rickettsia organisms, mostly in the rural area; andEhrlichia organisms, in dogs from both areas studied.

scholarly journals Serological Survey of Canine Vector-Borne Infections in North-Center Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pérez Pérez ◽  
Iván Rodríguez-Escolar ◽  
Elena Carretón ◽  
José Ángel Sánchez Agudo ◽  
Jacob Lorenzo-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Vector Borne

Various factors are currently causing an increase in vector-borne parasitic diseases at a global scale; among them, some stand out, such as climatic disturbances derived from global change, the increase in movements of reservoir animals, or changes in land made by human activity. In the European continent, there have been an increasing number of epidemiological studies focused on the detection of these diseases, especially in dogs. In Spain, there are few epidemiological studies focused on the evaluation of the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence the distribution, such as climatic zones, orography, or presence of water reservoirs. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and distribution of several canine vector-borne diseases caused by Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis in the autonomous community of Castilla y León, the largest region of the Iberian Peninsula, providing a geospatial approach based on a geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Blood from a total of 1,475 domestic dogs from the nine provinces of Castilla y León were analyzed. Also, a GIS analysis of the sample locations was carried out, taking into account the most important predictor variables. The prevalence in dogs infected by D. immitis was 7.19%, and the seroprevalence by L. infantum was 4.61 and 1.56% for A. platys and E. canis. Most of the infected animals were located in areas with stagnant water, irrigated agriculture, or riverbanks, always close to forest and woodland vegetation. These results indicate that dogs living in Castilla y León should take prophylactic measures to avoid infections.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis in dogs in the department of Magdalena (Colombia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Richard Thomas ◽  
Adriana Santodomingo ◽  
Lyda Castro
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Canine Population ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The canine population in the cities of Ciénaga and Santa Marta has been estimated at 54,953 based on individual dogs with owners. Due to the role that dogs play in society, either as pets or as transmitters of zoonoses to humans, we conducted a study with 169 blood samples from dogs that visited two veterinary clinics in these locations between March and September of 2017. The objective of the study was to detect species of Babesia and Hepatozoon canis by amplifying the 18S gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCRc). The presence of Babesia sp. and Hepatozoon canis was detected in 15 (8.87%) and 12 (7.10%) DNA samples, respectively. In addition, 7 (4.14%) cases of coinfection were recorded. The Babesia sp. sequences obtained corresponded to the B. canis vogeli subspecies. This both pathogens in the Colombian Caribbean region and cases of coinfection in Colombian dogs. Therefore, the national veterinary community is encouraged to consider the information presented here in their differential diagnoses associated with companion vector-borne diseases (CVBDs). This information will allow veterinary professionalsto create control and prevention strategies to prevent the spread of these infections.

scholarly journals HUMAN DIROFILARIASIS: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Nagorniy ◽  
Ermakova ◽  
Kiosova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Human Dirofilariasis ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia

The south of Russia is endemic due to a number of vector-borne diseases, among which the only vector-borne helminthiasis is dirofilariasis. In the last 15 years, the structure of the causative agents of dog dirofilariasis has changed in favor of the predominance of D. immitis invasion. Until recently, humans have predominantly reported cases of subcutaneous dirofilariasis, the causative agent of which is D. repens. The analysis of the age composition of patients showed that the main group of patients with dirofilariasis is in the middle age of 30–39 years (24.6%), to a lesser extent – 50–59 years (18.6%). Until 2008, infestations were more often registered in urban residents. During the period from 2008 to 2016, there was an increase in cases of dirofilariasis in rural areas, and in 2017–2018, the number of patients from rural areas decreases again. In 56.4% of patients, helminths were inside the capsule, in 43.6% – helminths migrated under the patient's skin. In the clinical picture of peripheral blood, eosinophilia was registered only in 16.4 % of cases. No larvae were found during venous blood testing. It should be noted that in the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the number of cases of dirofilariasis in the whole region. However, in 2017 and 2018, two patients showed pulmonary involvement.

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