scholarly journals Evans Blue Dye: A Revisit of Its Applications in Biomedicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linpeng Yao ◽  
Xing Xue ◽  
Peipei Yu ◽  
Yicheng Ni ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
High Water ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Diagnostic Agent ◽  
Made In ◽  
High Water Solubility

Evans blue (EB) dye has owned a long history as a biological dye and diagnostic agent since its first staining application by Herbert McLean Evans in 1914. Due to its high water solubility and slow excretion, as well as its tight binding to serum albumin, EB has been widely used in biomedicine, including its use in estimating blood volume and vascular permeability, detecting lymph nodes, and localizing the tumor lesions. Recently, a series of EB derivatives have been labeled with PET isotopes and can be used as theranostics with a broad potential due to their improved half-life in the blood and reduced release. Some of EB derivatives have even been used in translational applications in clinics. In addition, a novel necrosis-avid feature of EB has recently been reported in some preclinical animal studies. Given all these interesting and important advances in EB study, a comprehensive revisiting of EB has been made in its biomedical applications in the review.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Tomal ◽  
Joanna Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
High Water Solubility

Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system which, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria: high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations and applications are outlined.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Tomal ◽  
Joanna Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
High Water Solubility

Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.

A Fluorescence Quenching Analysis of the Binding of Fluoroquinolones to Humic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2512-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Ferrie ◽  
Gregory E. Hewitt ◽  
Bruce D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
High Water ◽  
Static Quenching ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Equilibrium Binding ◽  
Quenching Analysis ◽  
High Water Solubility

Fluorescence quenching was used to investigate the interaction of six fluoroquinolones with humic acid. Static quenching was observed for the binding of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin to humic acid. The equilibrium binding constants were found from Stern–Volmer plots of the data. The quenching experiments were repeated over a temperature range of 25–45 ℃ and van’t Hoff plots were generated. From these linear plots, thermodynamic values were calculated for Δ H, Δ G, and Δ S for each of the fluoroquinolones. The equilibrium binding constants were found to be <1 for all the antibiotics studied. The calculated ΔH values were all negative and ranged from −9.5 to −27.6 kJ/mol. The high water solubility of the antibiotics and low ΔH of binding suggests that the antibiotics will be transported easily through the environment. Finally, whether the fluoroquinolones are in a protonated, deprotonated, or partially protonated state is found to correlate to the strength of binding to humic acid.

Novel tetrazole PtII and PdII complexes with enhanced water solubility: synthesis, structural characterization and evaluation of antiproliferative activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiyana V. Serebryanskaya ◽  
Alexander S. Lyakhov ◽  
Ludmila S. Ivashkevich ◽  
Yuri V. Grigoriev ◽  
Andreii S. Kritchenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
High Water ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular And Crystal Structures ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives ◽  
High Water Solubility

AbstractNovel platinum(II) and palladium(II) chlorido complexes with tetrazole derivatives 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrazole (het) and 1-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]tetrazole (thm), viz. cis-[Pt(het)2Cl2], trans-[Pt(het)2Cl2], trans-[Pt(thm)2Cl2], trans-[Pd(het)2Cl2], and trans-[Pd(thm)2Cl2], were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental and high-resolution electrospray ionization (HRESI) mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 1H, 13C and 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Molecular and crystal structures of trans-[PdL2Cl2] and trans-[PtL2Cl2] (L = het, thm) were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The complex cis-[Pt(het)2Cl2] was found to undergo cis–to–trans isomerization upon heating in acetonitrile solution and in the solid state. The synthesized complexes show rather high water solubility lying in the range of 2–10 mg/L.

scholarly journals New Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Ionic Liquids (API-ILs) Derived from Indomethacin and Mebendazole

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emilia Tojo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
High Water ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
High Water Solubility

The transformation of two solid Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) into new ionic liquids (IL)s that incorporate APIs (API-ILs) is reported. The structures of the APIs (indomethacin and mebendazole) were selected by their susceptibility to being transformed into API-ILs (either to form the cation or the anion) and their limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. The counterions, such as those derived from 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA), tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] (TED), <i>p</i>-toluensulfonic acid, glycolic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and saccharin, were carefully chosen, aiming for high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was carried out by direct treatment of the API with the corresponding selected acid or base. Finally, the solubility in water of all the synthesized salts was determined.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Activities of Rhodamine-Based GUMBOS and NanoGUMBOS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Nimisha Bhattarai ◽  
Mi Chen ◽  
Rocío L. Pérez ◽  
Sudhir Ravula ◽  
Robert M. Strongin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Targeting ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation ◽  
Rhodamine Derivatives ◽  
High Water Solubility

Rhodamine derivatives have been widely investigated for their mitochondrial targeting and chemotherapeutic properties that result from their lipophilic cationic structures. In previous research, we have found that conversion of Rhodamine 6G into nanoGUMBOS, i.e., nanomaterials derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS), led to selective chemotherapeutic toxicity for cancer cells over normal cells. Herein, we investigate the chemotherapeutic activity of GUMBOS derived from four different rhodamine derivatives, two bearing an ester group, i.e., Rhodamine 123 (R123) and SNAFR-5, and two bearing a carboxylic acid group, i.e., rhodamine 110 (R110) and rhodamine B (RB). In this study, we evaluate (1) relative hydrophobicity via octanol–water partition coefficients, (2) cytotoxicity, and (3) cellular uptake in order to evaluate possible structure–activity relationships between these different compounds. Intriguingly, we found that while GUMBOS derived from R123 and SNAFR-5 formed nanoGUMBOS in aqueous medium, no distinct nanoparticles are observed for RB and R110 GUMBOS. Further investigation revealed that the relatively high water solubility of R110 and RB GUMBOS hinders nanoparticle formation. Subsequently, while R123 and SNAFR-5 displayed selective chemotherapeutic toxicity similar to that of previously investigated R6G nanoGUMBOS, the R110 and RB GUMBOS were lacking in this property. Additionally, the chemotherapeutic toxicities of R123 and SNAFR-5 nanoGUMBOS were also significantly greater than R110 and RB GUMBOS. Observed results were consistent with decreased cellular uptake of R110 and RB as compared to R123 and SNAFR-5 compounds. Moreover, these results are also consistent with previous observations that suggest that nanoparticle formation is critical to the observed selective chemotherapeutic properties as well as the chemotherapeutic efficacy of rhodamine nanoGUMBOS.

A facile, green, and solvent-free route to nitrogen–sulfur-codoped fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for cellular imaging

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 11872-11875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Huang ◽  
Ya-Chun Lu ◽  
Ai-Jun Wang ◽  
Jin-Hua Liu ◽  
Jian-Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Quantum Yield ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Excellent Stability ◽  
High Water Solubility

A simple, solvent-free method was developed for preparation of fluorescent NSCPs by direct pyrolysis of gentamycin sulfate. The NSCPs showed high water-solubility, long lifetime, high quantum yield, excellent stability and low cytotoxicity, and thus can be used for cellular imaging.

Effect of Soil Organic Matter on the Phytotoxicity of Thirteens-Triazine Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahman ◽  
L. J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
High Water ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
High Water Solubility

The influence of soil organic matter on the initial and residual phytotoxicity of thirteens-triazine herbicides was investigated in greenhouse experiments using three Horotiu sandy loam soils with organic matter levels of 9.8, 15.5, and 20.6%. The amount of herbicide required to reduce the growth of oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Mapua’) by 50% (GR50) when compared with the control was determined for each herbicide and each organic matter level. Results showed that the GR50values for all herbicides were highly and positively correlated with the soil organic matter. In general, the phytotoxicity of compounds of high water solubility was less influenced by soil organic matter than those having low water solubility. The chloro-triazines persisted longer in soil than did the methoxy- or methylthio-triazines. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] were the most persistent of the chloro-triazines.

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