scholarly journals Altered Intestinal Microbiota with Increased Abundance of Prevotella Is Associated with High Risk of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Su ◽  
Rongbei Liu ◽  
Allen Lee ◽  
Yanqin Long ◽  
Lijun Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Alterations in gut microbiota are postulated to be an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). To determine whether IBS patients in China exhibited differences in their gut microbial composition, fecal samples were collected from diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and healthy controls and evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and quantitative real-time PCR. A mouse model of postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS) was established to determine whether the altered gut microbiota was associated with increased visceral hypersensitivity. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the bacterial community profiles between IBS-D patients and healthy controls. Prevotella was more abundant in fecal samples from IBS-D patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there were significant reductions in the quantity of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in IBS-D patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.05). Animal models similarly showed an increased abundance of Prevotella in fecal samples compared with control mice (p<0.05). Finally, after the PI-IBS mice were cohoused with control mice, both the relative abundance of Prevotella and visceral hypersensitivity of PI-IBS mice were decreased. In conclusion, the altered intestinal microbiota is associated with increased visceral hypersensitivity and enterotype enriched with Prevotella may be positively associated with high risk of IBS-D.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of the luminal- and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. G799-G807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Carroll ◽  
Tamar Ringel-Kulka ◽  
Temitope O. Keku ◽  
Young-Hyo Chang ◽  
Christopher D. Packey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Alterations in the intestinal microbiota have been suggested as an etiological factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study used a molecular fingerprinting technique to compare the composition and biodiversity of the microbiota within fecal and mucosal niches between patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) and healthy controls. Terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to perform microbial community composition analyses on fecal and mucosal samples from patients with D-IBS ( n = 16) and healthy controls ( n = 21). Molecular fingerprinting of the microbiota from fecal and colonic mucosal samples revealed differences in the contribution of T-RFs to the microbiota between D-IBS patients and healthy controls. Further analysis revealed a significantly lower (1.2-fold) biodiversity of microbes within fecal samples from D-IBS patients than healthy controls ( P = 0.008). No difference in biodiversity in mucosal samples was detected between D-IBS patients and healthy controls. Multivariate analysis of T-RFLP profiles demonstrated distinct microbial communities between luminal and mucosal niches in all samples. Our findings of compositional differences in the luminal- and mucosal-associated microbiota between D-IBS patients and healthy controls and diminished microbial biodiversity in D-IBS fecal samples further support the hypothesis that alterations in the intestinal microbiota may have an etiological role in the pathogenesis of D-IBS and suggest that luminal and mucosal niches need to be investigated.

Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 3930-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Russo ◽  
Claudia Cristiano ◽  
Carmen Avagliano ◽  
Carmen De Caro ◽  
Giovanna La Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence behavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota composition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of gut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms, which involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration of the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the involvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main members are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide (OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a large group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes. Their effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and central nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids and gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific bacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the rat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing inflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review, we underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids, focusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in the central nervous system diseases.

Gut Microbiome and Its Role in the Pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada De Palma ◽  
Premysl Bercik
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, affecting up to 9% individuals globally. Although the etiology of this syndrome is likely heterogenous, it presents with its hallmark symptoms of abdominal pain and altered intestinal motility. Moreover, it is considered to be a disorder of the gut-brain interaction, and the microbiome has often been implicated as a central player in its pathophysiology. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome display altered composition and function of the gut microbiota compared to healthy controls. Microbiome directed therapies, such as probiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation, appear to be beneficial for both gut symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities. This review aims to recapitulate the available literature on the microbiome contribution to the pathophysiology and symptoms presentation of irritable bowel syndrome, as well as the current literature on microbiome-targeted treatments for this disease.

scholarly journals A11 MICROBIAL AND METABOLOMIC PROFILES IDENTIFY SUBSETS OF DIARRHEA PREDOMINANT IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
S M Bennet ◽  
G De Palma ◽  
P Bercik ◽  
A E Lomax ◽  
S Vanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Drg Neurons ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are subtyped by predominant bowel habit rather than pathophysiological mechanisms and this may underlie challenges in identifying more effective targets for designing new treatments. Metabolomics and microbial analysis can distinguish IBS patients from healthy controls but it is unknown if they can identify pathophysiological IBS subgroups. Aims To phenotype subgroups of IBS patients using metabolomics and microbial analysis and determine if these subgroups have different underlying pain signalling mechanisms. Methods Symptom history, stool and urine were collected from 30 diarrhea predominant (IBS-D) and 30 constipation predominant (IBS-C) IBS patients (Rome IV). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry quantified 130 metabolites in stool and urine. The GA-map™ Dysbiosis Test targeting ≥300 bacteria on different taxonomic levels was used to identify stool microbial composition. Multivariate OPLS discriminatory analysis assessed metabolomics and microbial profiles. To assess potential effects on pain signalling, the effect of stool supernatant on dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron responses to capsaicin (10nM) was assessed using Ca2+ imaging. Results Within both IBS-D and IBS-C, combined stool/urine metabolomic profiles of patients with a dysbiosis-like (DL) IBS (onset following antibiotics, enteric infection, or travel) were distinct from patients with a non-DL IBS onset (IBS-D R2=0.7, Q2=0.5; IBS-C R2=0.5, Q2=0.4); fecal glutamic acid and urinary pyruvic acid were the main metabolites driving separation. However, microbial profiles of DL vs non-DL onset could only be discriminated in IBS-D (R2=0.8, Q2=0.4). In the patients with a DL IBS onset, stool metabolomic profiles of the 7 IBS-C discriminated from the 8 IBS-D patients (R2=0.9, Q2=0.8). Profile differences were not seen between IBS-C and IBS-D with a non-DL onset of IBS. In preliminary studies, incubation of DRG neurons with stool supernatant from 1 DL IBS-D and 1 non-DL IBS-D increased peak [Ca2+]i responses to capsaicin compared to incubation with media (DL: 5.5±0.9 vs 2.3±0.7; non-DL: 6.9±0.7 vs 3.9±0.4% ΔF/F). Similarly, the number of responsive neurons to capsaicin was increased after incubation with IBS stool supernatant vs media (DL: 27% vs 8%; non-DL 19% vs 12%). Conclusions Different metabolomic and bacterial profiles between DL and non-DL onset of IBS-D suggests a novel means to better phenotype clinically defined IBS subgroups. While initial results with stool supernatants from both a DL and non-DL IBS-D patient suggest increased pain signalling in DRG neurons, more studies are needed to determine if there are differences between these two subgroups as well as healthy controls. Funding Agencies CIHRSoutheastern Ontario Academic Medical Organization (SEAMO)

680 Associations of Abdominal Pain and Visceral Hypersensitivity With Intestinal Microbiota in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. S-131-S-132
Author(s):  
Yehuda Ringel ◽  
Jarkko Salojarvi ◽  
Tamar Ringel-Kulka ◽  
Ian M. Carroll ◽  
Willem M. de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Association of Fecal Microbiota with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Diarrhea and Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Its Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fang Yang ◽  
Jiaqi Wu ◽  
Ning-Yuan Ye ◽  
Jing Miu ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Changes in intestinal microbiota have been linked to the development of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). In order to better elucidate the relationship between intestinal microbiota changes and IBS-D, we compared fecal microbiota of IBS-D rats and healthy control using pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene targeted. Furthermore, we explored the effects of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on intestinal microbiota of IBS-D in dose-dependent manner. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in fecal microbial community diversity among the healthy control group, IBS-D rats and IBS-D rats treated with traditional Chinese medicine, but the fecal microbial composition at different taxonomic levels have changed among these groups. Interestingly, the weight of IBS-D rats treated with moderate doses (13.4 g/kg) of TCM increased significantly, and the diarrhea-related symptoms improved significantly, which may be related to the enrichment in Deferribacteres, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae and the reduction in Lactobacillus in fecal samples.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Disturbance in Rat Models of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Induced by Maternal Separation and Multiple Early-Life Adversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Enqi ◽  
Song Jingzhu ◽  
Pei Lingpeng ◽  
Ling Yaqin
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Irritable Bowel

BackgroundThe study aimed to identify the effects of modeling procedures on bacterial communities and to investigate whether different modeling procedures lead to consistent patterns of gut microbiome compositions.MethodsTwo irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rat models maternal separation (MS) alone and multiple-early-adversity modeling (MAM) were established and the gut microbiome were analyzed using 16S-rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing methods.ResultsRats from both models exhibited visceral hypersensitivity and the two model groups exhibited differences in the extent of visceral sensitivity and fecal water content. The microbial community structure of the two models exhibited significant differences compared to the controls, while the two model groups also exhibited significant differences between them. Furthermore, microbial community functional predictions suggested that the two models exhibited different abundances of metabolisms and pathways. Several common and distinct characteristic differences were also observed between the two model groups. Alloprevotella were more abundant in both model groups, while Butyricicoccus, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto along with the family it belongs to were less abundant relative to controls. In addition, the abundance of Clostridium_IV, Corynebacterium, Rothia, Elusimicrobium, Romboutsia, Allobaculum, Parasutterella, and their related taxa were specifically associated with MS group, whereas Butyricimonas and Vampirovibrio along with its related taxa were specifically associated with MAM group. Among those, Butyricimonas, Butyricicoccus and Corynebacterium were found to partially mediate early adversity exposure-induced visceral hypersensitivity.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance in evaluating gut microbiota characteristics in IBS research while also systematically considering potential modeling procedural differences. The microbial compositional/functional differences identified in this study were suggestive to further investigation of mechanisms of early adversity induced IBS.

Alteration of the intestinal microbiota as a cause of and a potential therapeutic option in irritable bowel syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. König ◽  
R.J. Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The intestinal microbiota forms a complex ecosystem that is in close contact with its host and has an important impact on health. An increasing number of disorders are associated with disturbances in this ecosystem. Also patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show an altered composition of their gut microbiota. IBS is a multifactorial chronic disorder characterised by various abdominal complaints and a worldwide prevalence of 10-20%. Even though its aetiology and pathophysiology are complex and not well understood, it is widely accepted that aberrations along the microbe-gut-brain axis are involved. In this review, it will be discussed how exogenous factors, e.g. antibiotics, can cause disbalance in the intestinal microbiota and thereby contribute to the development of IBS. In addition, several new IBS treatment options that aim at re-establishing a healthy, beneficial ecosystem will be described. These include antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and faecal transplantation.

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