scholarly journals Current Strategies to Generate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Steens ◽  
Diana Klein
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Organism ◽  
Almost All

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous multipotent stem cells that are involved in the development of mesenchyme-derived evolving structures and organs during ontogeny. In the adult organism, reservoirs of MSCs can be found in almost all tissues where MSCs contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity. The use of these different MSCs for cell-based therapies has been extensively studied over the past years, which highlights the use of MSCs as a promising option for the treatment of various diseases including autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. However, the proportion of MSCs contained in primary isolates of adult tissue biopsies is rather low and, thus, vigorous ex vivo expansion is needed especially for therapies that may require extensive and repetitive cell substitution. Therefore, more easily and accessible sources of MSCs are needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the different strategies to generate human MSCs in vitro as an alternative method for their applications in regenerative therapy.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

Thermoreversible hyaluronan-based hydrogel supports in vitro and ex vivo disc-like differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1627-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Peroglio ◽  
David Eglin ◽  
Lorin M. Benneker ◽  
Mauro Alini ◽  
Sibylle Grad
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit differentiation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 4120-4126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xia Jiang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Shuang-Xi Zhang ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
And Function

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in addition to their multilineage differentiation, have a direct immunosuppressive effect on T-cell proliferation in vitro. However, it is unclear whether they also modulate the immune system by acting on the very first step. In this investigation, we addressed the effects of human MSCs on the differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CD14+ monocytes in vitro. Upon induction with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin-4 (IL-4), MSC coculture could strongly inhibit the initial differentiation of monocytes to DCs, but this effect is reversible. In particular, such suppression could be recapitulated with no intercellular contact at a higher MSC/monocyte ratio (1:10). Furthermore, mature DCs treated with MSCs were significantly reduced in the expression of CD83, suggesting their skew to immature status. Meanwhile, decreased expression of presentation molecules (HLA-DR and CD1a) and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and down-regulated IL-12 secretion were also observed. In consistence, the allostimulatory ability of MSC-treated mature DCs on allogeneic T cells was impaired. In conclusion, our data suggested for the first time that human MSCs could suppress monocyte differentiation into DCs, the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thus indicating the versatile regulation of MSCs on the ultimate specific immune response.

scholarly journals In VitroExpansion of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alters DNA Double Strand Break Repair of Etoposide Induced DNA Damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hare ◽  
Marieta Gencheva ◽  
Rebecca Evans ◽  
James Fortney ◽  
Debbie Piktel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Double Strand Dna Breaks

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest for use in diverse cellular therapies.Ex vivoexpansion of MSCs intended for transplantation must result in generation of cells that maintain fidelity of critical functions. Previous investigations have identified genetic and phenotypic alterations of MSCs within vitropassage, but little is known regarding how culturing influences the ability of MSCs to repair double strand DNA breaks (DSBs), the most severe of DNA lesions. To investigate the response to DSB stress with passagein vitro, primary human MSCs were exposed to etoposide (VP16) at various passages with subsequent evaluation of cellular damage responses and DNA repair. Passage number did not affect susceptibility to VP16 or the incidence and repair kinetics of DSBs. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) transcripts showed little alteration with VP16 exposure or passage; however, homologous recombination (HR) transcripts were reduced following VP16 exposure with this decrease amplified as MSCs were passagedin vitro. Functional evaluations of NHEJ and HR showed that MSCs were unable to activate NHEJ repair following VP16 stress in cells after successive passage. These results indicate thatex vivoexpansion of MSCs alters their ability to perform DSB repair, a necessary function for cells intended for transplantation.

scholarly journals Preconditioning of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Their Regulation of the Immune Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Saparov ◽  
Vyacheslav Ogay ◽  
Talgat Nurgozhin ◽  
Medet Jumabay ◽  
William C. W. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Human Mscs

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians for their ability to differentiate into a number of cell types, participate in tissue regeneration, and repair the damaged tissues by producing various growth factors and cytokines, as well as their unique immunoprivilege in alloreactive hosts. The immunomodulatory functions of exogenous MSCs have been widely investigated in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and transplantation research. However, a harsh environment at the site of tissue injury/inflammation with insufficient oxygen supply, abundance of reactive oxygen species, and presence of other harmful molecules that damage the adoptively transferred cells collectively lead to low survival and engraftment of the transferred cells. Preconditioning of MSCsex vivoby hypoxia, inflammatory stimulus, or other factors/conditions prior to their use in therapy is an adaptive strategy that prepares MSCs to survive in the harsh environment and to enhance their regulatory function of the local immune responses. This review focuses on a number of approaches in preconditioning human MSCs with the goal of augmenting their capacity to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Injected Via Portal Vein Are Differentiated into Human Hepatocytes in Regenerating Rat Liver.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1694-1694
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Won ◽  
Dong-Ho Choi ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Sook-Ja Kim ◽  
Hee-Jeong Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Hepatocyte Regeneration

Abstract Objectives: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess versatile differentiation potential ranging from mesenchyme-related multipotency to neuroectodermal and endodermal competency. Evidence has been accumulated to indicate that certain compartments of bone marrow cells are capable to differentiating into hepatocytes in vitro. In this study we attempted to examine the differentiation ability of human MSCs into hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo by injected them into rat portal vein in partially resected rat liver model. Materials and Methods: MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and induced differentiation with our protocol containing hepatocyte growth factor in vitro. Four - to - 5 week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were used for xenotransplantation model. Culture expanded MSCs (5 X 106 cells/rat) were injected into the portal vein and 70% hepatectomy was performed on the subsequent day. All rats were immunosuppressed with a daily intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporine A. Results: The morphology of the MSCs was changed into hepatocyte-like cells after in vitro culture for 28days and expression of hepatocyte specific genes also confirmed with RT-PCR and immunohistochemical stain. Transplanted MSCs differentiated into hepatocytes and they surprisingly composed hepatic cords with expression of the human albumin and human hepatocyte specific genes at 21 days after infusion. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that human MSCs can differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, human MSCs may become an alternative source to hepatocyte regeneration or liver cell transplantation.

scholarly journals Expression of OCT-4 and SOX-2 in Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Osteogenic Differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Matic ◽  
Maja Antunovic ◽  
Sime Brkic ◽  
Pavle Josipovic ◽  
Katarina Caput Mihalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Cell Nuclei

AIM: Determine the levels of expression of pluripotency genes OCT-4 and SOX-2 before and after osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).METHODS: Human MSCs were derived from the bone marrow and differentiated into osteoblasts. The analyses were performed on days 0 and 14 of the cell culture. In vitro differentiation was evaluated due to bone markers – alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of AP and bone sialoprotein (BSP). The OCT-4 and SOX-2 expression was evaluated at mRNA level by real-time qPCR and at protein level by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: In vitro cultures on day 14 showed an increase in AP activity and upregulation of AP and BSP gene expression. OCT-4 and SOX-2 in undifferentiated hMSCs on day 0 is detectable and very low compared to tumor cell lines as a positive control. Immunocytochemistry detected OCT-4 in the cell nuclei prior (day 0) and post differentiation (day 14). On the same time points, cultures were negative for SOX-2 protein.CONCLUSION: Messenger RNA for pluripotency markers OCT-4 and SOX-2 isolated from hMSCs was less present, while OCT-4 protein was detected in cell nuclei prior and post differentiation into osteoblast lineage.

In Vitro Assessment of Hydroxyapatite Coating on the Surface of Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Scaffolds

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 2444-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Chudinova ◽  
Maria Surmeneva ◽  
Andrey Koptioug ◽  
Irina V. Savintseva ◽  
Irina Selezneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Magnetron Sputter Deposition ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Average Size

Custom orthopedic and dental implants may be fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM), for example using electron beam melting technology. This study is focused on the modification of the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy coin-like scaffolds fabricated via AM technology (EBM®) by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The scaffolds with HA coating were characterized by Scanning Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. HA coating showed a nanocrystalline structure with the crystallites of an average size of 32±9 nm. The ability of the surface to support adhesion and the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells was studied using biological short-term tests in vitro. In according to in vitro assessment, thin HA coating stimulated the attachment and proliferation of cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the HA-coated scaffold also formed mineralized nodules.

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