scholarly journals Potential of Zeolite and Algae in Biomass Immobilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Amirebrahim Emami Moghaddam ◽  
Razif Harun ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Rabitah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Biomass Immobilization ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Value Added Products

The interest in utilizing algae for wastewater treatment has been increased due to many advantages. Algae-wastewater treatment system offers a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and flocculation. In this biosystem, algae can assimilate nutrients in the wastewater for their growth and simultaneously capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis resulting in a decrease in the greenhouse gaseousness. Furthermore, the algal biomass obtained from the treatment process could be further converted to produce high value-added products. However, the recovery of free suspended algae from the treated effluent is one of the most important challenges during the treatment process as the current methods such as centrifugation and filtration are faced with the high cost. Immobilization of algae is a suitable approach to overcome the harvesting issue. However, there are some drawbacks with the common immobilization carriers such as alginate and polyacrylamide related to low stability and toxicity, respectively. Hence, it is necessary to apply a new carrier without the mentioned problems. One of the carriers that can be a suitable candidate for the immobilization is zeolite. To date, various types of zeolite have been used for the immobilization of cells of bacteria and yeast. If there is any possibility to apply them for the immobilization of algae, it needs to be considered in further studies. This article reviews cell immobilization technique, biomass immobilization onto zeolites, and algal immobilization with their applications. Furthermore, the potential application of zeolite as an ideal carrier for algal immobilization has been discussed.

scholarly journals Removal of fermentation inhibitors from pre-hydrolysis liquor using polystyrene divinylbenzene resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoxing Huang ◽  
Yayue Zheng ◽  
Wenqian Lin ◽  
Yuxuan Shi ◽  
Guohong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Soluble Lignin ◽  
Xylose Concentration ◽  
Resin Treatment ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Background The presence of soluble lignin, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in industrial pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) from the pulping process can inhibit its bioconversion into bioethanol and other biochemicals. Although various technologies have been developed to remove these inhibitors, certain amounts of sugars are also inevitably removed during the treatment process. Hence, polystyrene divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin was used as an adsorptive material to simultaneously remove fermentation inhibitors while retaining sugars with high yields to improve the fermentability of PHL after acid hydrolysis by enriching its xylose concentration. The fermentability of acid-hydrolyzed PHL (A-PHL) was evaluated by the bioconversion into ethanol and xylosic acid (XA) after treatment with PS-DVB resin. Results The results showed that the highest xylose concentration (101.1 g/L) in PHL could be obtained by acid hydrolysis at 100 °C for 80 min with 4% acid, while the concentration of fermentation inhibitors (furfural, HMF and lignin) in PHL could also be significantly improved during the acid-hydrolysis process. After treatment with PS-DVB resin, not only were 97% of lignin, 92% of furfural, and 97% of HMF removed from A-PHL, but also 96% of xylose was retained for subsequent fermentation. With resin treatment, the fermentability of A-PHL could be improved by 162–282% for ethanol production from A-PHL containing 30–50 g/L xylose and by 18–828% for XA production from A-PHL containing 90–150 g/L xylose. Conclusions These results confirmed that PS-DVB resin can remove inhibitors from PHL before producing value-added products by bioconversion. In addition, this work will ideally provide a concept for producing value-added chemicals from pre-hydrolysis liquor, which is regarded as the waste stream in the pulping process.

Vertical-algal-biofilm enhanced raceway pond for cost-effective wastewater treatment and value-added products production

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Zhigang Yu ◽  
Liandong Zhu ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
Jiaolan Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raceway Pond ◽  
Algal Biofilm ◽  
Value Added Products

Facile and cost-efficient indirect carbonation of blast furnace slag with multiple high value-added products through a completely wet process

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 1314-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanrun Chu ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Weizao Liu ◽  
Guoquan Zhang ◽  
Hairong Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Value Added Products

An expert system for selecting and sequencing wastewater treatment processes

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Tien Yang ◽  
Jehng-Jung Kao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Concentration Levels

Wastewater treatment system design involves selecting and sequencing various treatment processes. The design becomes complicated when a large number of processes and various contaminants are considered. In this work, an expert system is developed to find an appropriate treatment process design for a given waste stream. The knowledge base of the system is established with a treatability database to select suitable treatment techniques for specified contaminants and concentration levels. Also, a preliminary fuzzy logic based approach is proposed to express the user's preference of treatment techniques in a linguistic form. The preference is defined on the basis of the treatment efficiency and the cost of a technique. The system is intended to serve as a decision support tool for a designer to determine optimal treatment process sequences for various contaminants at different concentration levels. Finally, the developed system is demonstrated in a case study for a chemical processing waste stream.

Micro-Flocculation - Film Processing Technology in Dealing with Beer Sterilized Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Jin Xiang Fu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Rong Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Membrane Treatment ◽  
Sterilization Effect

In order to improve beer sterilization effect of wastewater treatment, reduce the heat load of the sterilization wastewater on subsequent water treatment processes. In this paper, through optimizing transformation developed micro-flocculation -membrane treatment processes. Screening for the identification of inorganic polymeric aluminum ferric chloride flocculants as the technology. The best dosage was 15mg / L, the field test to verify the craft beer sterilized wastewater treatment effect. The results show that, micro flocculation membrane treatment process in the water after treatment of COD and turbidity removal rate is respectively 76% and 98%. To illustrate the use of this technology in the treatment of beer sterilizing water without two stage filtration, can effectively recycling sterilized wastewater.

scholarly journals Integrated Biotechnology Management of Biosolids: Sustainable Ways to Produce Value—Added Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan ◽  
Hubert Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Value Added Products

Biosolids (BS) are organic dry matter produced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The current yearly worldwide production of BS is estimated to be around 100–125 million tons and is expected to continuously increase to around 150–200 million tons by 2025. Wastewater treatment industries across the globe strive to achieve a green and sustainable manufacturing base for the management of enormous amounts of municipal BS, which are rich in nutrients and organic dry matter along with contaminants. The management of these organic-rich wastes through environmentally friendly recovery technologies is a major challenge. The need to improve waste biomass disposal by biological development and develop more economically viable processes has led to a focus on the transformation of waste resources into value-added products (VAP). This paper assesses the leading disposal methods (based on volume and contaminant reduction) and reviews the state of biotechnological processes for VAP recovery from municipal wastewater sludge (untreated solid waste residual) and BS (stabilized solid waste which meets criteria for its use in land). A review of the anaerobic and aerobic digestion processes is presented to provide a holistic overview of this growing research field. Furthermore, the paper also sheds light on the pollutant reduction and resource recovery approaches for enzymes, bioflocculants, bioplastics, biopesticides, and biogas as a mean to represent BS as a potential opportunity for WWTPs. However, only a few technologies have been implemented for VAP resource recovery and a shift from WWTPs to waste resource recovery facilities is still far from being achieved.

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