scholarly journals Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Presenting with Musical Hallucination

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Oreoluwa Oladiran ◽  
Ifeanyi Nwosu ◽  
Steve Obanor ◽  
Chinyere Ogbonna-Nwosu ◽  
Brian Le
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Musical Hallucination ◽  
External Stimuli

Musical hallucinations are a relatively rare form of auditory hallucination characterized by hearing of music in the absence of any external stimuli. This phenomenon has been linked to both psychiatric and structural lesions. We present the case of a previously healthy young male whose presentation with musical hallucinations led to the diagnosis of a rare tumour, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

scholarly journals Extracranial invasion of a recurrent, transformed anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. S2-S3
Author(s):  
K.D. Langdon ◽  
D. Krivosheya ◽  
M.O. Hebb ◽  
B. Wehrli ◽  
L.C. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Original Tumour ◽  
The Right

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare tumour comprising <1% of all primary central nervous system tumours and the majority (~98%) occur supratentorially. We report on a 40-year-old female with a past medical history of a rare posterior fossa/cerebellar PXA who presented with a right-sided neck mass, decreased shoulder power and longstanding right tongue deviation with right-sided hemi-atrophy. The patient had prior tumour debulking. Recent MRI demonstrated an enhancing posterior fossa mass extending to the skull base at the jugular foramen and another mass in the upper neck along the jugular bulb with displacement and encasement of the right common carotid artery down to C5. Resection of the neck mass reveals an anaplastic PXA. The tumour has close approximation with adjacent peripheral nerves and is positive in 2 lymph nodes. Comparison with the original tumour molecular and immunohistochemical profiles reveals a conserved BRAF V600E mutation but the transformed malignant glioma now expresses dot-like EMA positivity and ATRX is completely lost (mutated). Transformation of a PXA (WHO Grade II) into an anaplastic PXA (WHO Grade III) has been well documented, but extracranial extension is extraordinarily rare. We report herein the first documented case of a posterior fossa PXA that underwent malignant transformation and extracranial invasion to the parapharyngeal space.

scholarly journals GERIATRIC EVALUATION IN 27 CASES OF MUSICAL HALLUCINATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Martinelli ◽  
Jessica Ivanovs ◽  
Marcos Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Musical Hallucination

Background: Musical hallucination (AM) is a type of complex auditory hallucination described as hearing musical tones, rhythms, harmonies, and melodies without the corresponding external auditory stimulus. This type of hallucination is relatively rare and is seen less often than other types of hallucination. Such hallucinations can be continuous or intermittent and are usually accompanied by a clear and critical awareness on the part of the patient. AM are found mainly in elderly women with progressive hearing loss, usually due to ear diseases or lesions. They also occur in neurological disorders, neuropsychological disorders (eg dementia) and psychiatric disorders, especially depression. Objective: To evaluate clinical and neuropsychological issues of the elderly with Musical Hallucinations Methods: Twenty-seven outpatient patients clinic of Geriatrics and Gerontology at FMJ from January 2010 to October 2019 were selected Results: Of the 27 patients, 20 were women. The average age was 83.47 years. The most prevalent diseases were systemic arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dementia syndrome. With the exception of one patient, all had hearing loss. The songs were the most varied from Gregorian chant to lullaby. Many had this picture for months and continuously (day and night). 40% of them had no insight into AM. We emphasize that all these patients sought medical care with the main complaint of musical hallucination. Conclusion: In general, AM has an uninterrupted, fragmentary and repetitive character. They are involuntary, intrusive and have an apparent exteriority. They differ from the simple mental image of auditory sensation in that they appear to come from outside the individual as if they actually hear an external device playing music. Currently, it is estimated that about 2% of elderly people with hearing loss also have AM. The neuropsychological basis of AM is not fully established. The phenomenological study, especially the perception of complex sequences and consistency with previous auditory experience strongly suggest the involvement of central auditory processing mechanisms. Normal musical auditory processing involves several interrelated brain levels and subsystems. While the recognition of elementary sounds is done in the primary auditory cortex, the recognition of musical characteristics such as notes, melody and metric rhythm occur in a secondary and tertiary association center, which in turn, are greatly influenced by regions linked to memory and emotion.

scholarly journals Brazilian National Anthem presenting as musical hallucination: A case report with 9-year follow-up

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Martinelli ◽  
Juliana Francisca Cecato ◽  
Ivan Aprahamian
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Musical Hallucination

ABSTRACT Musical hallucination is a type of complex auditory hallucination. Possible etiologies are deafness, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depression, use of medication and stress, besides neurologic diseases including epilepsy, stroke and cancer. Uncommon etiologies encompass infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and sensory deprivation. Although musical hallucinations have a major impact on patients' lives, they have been undervalued and understudied in the literature. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with musical hallucination (hearing a sung National anthem) without cognitive impairment or hearing loss. The patient had preserved insight of her complaint and responded well to neuroleptics.

scholarly journals Musical hallucination associated with hearing loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2b) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Sanchez ◽  
S C M Rocha ◽  
K A B Knobel ◽  
M A Kii ◽  
R M R Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Musical Hallucination ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

In spite of the fact that musical hallucination have a significant impact on patients' lives, they have received very little attention of experts. Some researchers agree on a combination of peripheral and central dysfunctions as the mechanism that causes hallucination. The most accepted physiopathology of musical hallucination associated to hearing loss (caused by cochlear lesion, cochlear nerve lesion or by interruption of mesencephalon or pontine auditory information) is the disinhibition of auditory memory circuits due to sensory deprivation. Concerning the cortical area involved in musical hallucination, there is evidence that the excitatory mechanism of the superior temporal gyrus, as in epilepsies, is responsible for musical hallucination. In musical release hallucination there is also activation of the auditory association cortex. Finally, considering the laterality, functional studies with musical perception and imagery in normal individuals showed that songs with words cause bilateral temporal activation and melodies activate only the right lobe. The effect of hearing aids on the improvement of musical hallucination as a result of the hearing loss improvement is well documented. It happens because auditory hallucination may be influenced by the external acoustical environment. Neuroleptics, antidepressants and anticonvulsants have been used in the treatment of musical hallucination. Cases of improvement with the administration of carbamazepine, meclobemide and donepezil were reported, but the results obtained were not consistent.

scholarly journals Mucosal malignant melanoma of nasal cavity presenting in a young male

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Ankur Mukherjee ◽  
Md Abdur Rashid ◽  
Sirshak Dutta ◽  
Mainak Dutta ◽  
Jayanta Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Left Nasal Cavity ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Mucosal Malignant Melanoma ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Introduction: Mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) in nose is a rare tumour with an incidence of only 0.67% of all malignant melanomas. It presents more commonly in older age from 5th to 8th decades. Curiously though, in our case, the melanoma presented in a young male with symptoms like a polyp. Case presentation: A 36-year-old male East Indian farmer presented with occasional bleeding from left nasal cavity with nasal obstruction for the last one year with a painless greyish fleshy mass in the left nasal cavity from the past two months. It was initially misdiagnosed as antrochoanal polyp. Endoscopic excision biopsy revealed malignant melanoma. A radical repeat surgical approach was undertaken followed by radiotherapy. Patient is symptom free 6 months following radiotherapy. Conclusion: A high degree of suspicion is necessary to diagnose a malignant melanoma in nasal cavity. It needs a radical curative approach if there is no distant metastasis. Key Words: Mucosa; Melanoma; Nose. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7632 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 68-71

Musical hallucination following whiplash injury: case report and literature review

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y M Bhatt ◽  
J P de Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Orchestral Music ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Acquired Hearing Loss ◽  
Musical Hallucination

AbstractIntroduction:A musical hallucination is defined as a form of auditory hallucination characterised by the perception of music in the absence of external acoustic stimuli. It is infrequently cited in the literature, although population studies suggest a greater prevalence. The aetiology of this unusual disorder remains unclear.Case report:A 70-year-old man with acquired hearing loss suffered a whiplash injury in a low-speed road traffic accident, and subsequently presented with bilateral ‘tinnitus.’ On closer questioning, he described hearing orchestral music. There was no evidence of psychosis, delirium or intoxication, and the patient was managed expectantly.Conclusion:This patient represents the first published case of musical hallucination precipitated by whiplash injury. We explore the possible pathophysiological underpinnings of musical hallucination and highlight the need for a greater awareness of this disorder. A management strategy is suggested.

Paediatric High-Grade Intracranial Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report with 6 Years of Follow-Up without Recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Kemal Alper Afşer ◽  
İsmail İştemen ◽  
Ali Arslan ◽  
Ali Ihsan Ökten
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma ◽  
Radical Excision ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MSC) is an extremely rare tumour that constitutes only 0.015% of all central nervous system tumours. These tumours usually originate from skull base synchondrosis and are often observed in young adults during their second and third decades of life. Despite the absence of a consensus regarding adjuvant radiotherapy, radical excision remains crucial for the prognosis of MSC. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We herein present the case of a young male patient with intracranial MSC, a malignant tumour, for which no consensus regarding its treatment has yet been established. The patient underwent radical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Histological analysis revealed a poorly differentiated tumour containing necrotic areas. Notably, no signs of recurrence had been observed after 6 years. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The absence of recurrence over a long follow-up duration suggests the importance of radical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Rare Form of Erdheim-Chester Disease Presenting with Isolated Central Skeletal Lesions Treated with a Combination of Alfa-Interferon and Zoledronic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Bulycheva ◽  
V. V. Baykov ◽  
M. I. Zaraĭskiĭ ◽  
G. N. Salogub
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Erdheim Chester Disease ◽  
Erdheim Chester ◽  
Chester Disease

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) represents a clonal non-Langerhans histiocytosis, which manifests under an extensive variety of clinical symptoms. This creates a challenge for the physician, who is required to recognize and diagnose the disease in the early stages. Despite this considerable challenge, in the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in ECD diagnoses, in most part due to an increasing awareness of this rare disorder. Involvement of the axial skeleton is exclusively uncommon with no official recommendations for the treatment of the bone lesions. Here, we present a case report of a young male patient with isolated lesions of the spine, ribs, and pelvis, who was successfully treated with a combination therapy of alfa-interferon and zoledronic acid.

scholarly journals Clinico-Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Profile of Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Report of Five Cases and Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prita Pradhan ◽  
Biswajit Dey ◽  
Bheemanathi Hanuman Srinivas ◽  
Sajini Elizabeth Jacob ◽  
Roopesh Kumar Vadivel Rathakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Profile ◽  
Age Range

Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a rare tumour of children and young adults, particularly for those with features of anaplasia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study comprises five cases of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas diagnosed over a period of 4 years in a tertiary care institute.  A detailed clinicopathological and immunohistochemical profile of the tumours were noted from the hospital database. Results: Five cases of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas were evaluated for their clinicoradiological, histomorphological as well as immunohistochemical findings, which included 3 females and 2 males, with age range of 11-40 years and a mean age at presentation of 22 years. Histologically a solid cystic biphasic tumour with moderate to high cellularity, spindled pleomorphic astrocytes, hyperchromatic nuclei showing moderate to marked atypia, intranuclear inclusions, ≥5 mitoses per 10 high power fields, with evidence of necrosis and atypical mitoses was noted. One of the cases showed transformation into glioblastoma with evidence of spinal metastasis on follow-up. The tumours expressed both glial as well as neuronal markers with expression of CD34 with increased Ki 67 ranging between 5-20%. Conclusion: It was concluded that PXA, a low-grade glioneuronal tumour, can show odd site presentation, marked pleomorphism, increased mitosis, atypical mitoses and increased Ki 67 when associated with features of anaplasia. An appropriate panel of immunohistochemical markers in conjunction with a detailed evaluation of histomorphological features and clinicoradiological information are useful for its diagnosis.   Keywords: Astrocytoma, Anaplasia, Mitosis, Immunohistochemistry, Ki 67

Ultrastructural Study of Human Testicular Biopsies in Infertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Philip Troen ◽  
Howard R. Nankin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Testicular biopsies were obtained from six young male subjects (age range 24-33) who complained of infertility and who had clinical evidence of oligospermia. This was confirmed on histological examination which showed a broad spectrum from profound hypospermatogenesis to relatively normal appearing germinal epithelium. Thickening of the tubular walls was noted in half of the cases and slight peritubular fibrosis in one. The Leydig cells were reported as normal or unremarkable.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the thickening of the supporting tissue of the germinal epithelium was caused more by an increase in the thickness of the layers of the lamina propria than of the tubular wall itself. The changes in the basement membrane of the tubular wall consisted mostly of a greater degree of infolding into the tubule and some reduplication which gave rise to a multilayered appearance.

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