scholarly journals Anthocyanins Function as Anti-Inflammatory Agents in a Drosophila Model for Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Valenza ◽  
Carola Bonfanti ◽  
Maria Enrica Pasini ◽  
Paola Bellosta
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Drosophila Model ◽  
Stress Kinase

Epidemiological and preclinical studies have demonstrated that bioactive foods like flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds derived from fruits and vegetables, exert a protective action against obesity, cardiovascular disorders, and Adipocyte Tissue Macrophage infiltration (ATM). All these pathologies are characterized by increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in proinflammatory cytokines that have been shown to favor the migration of immune cells, particularly of macrophages, in metabolically active organs like the liver and adipose tissue, that in Drosophila are constituted by a unique organ: the fat body. This study, using a unique Drosophila model that mimics human ATM, reveals the beneficial effects of flavonoids to reduce tissue inflammation. Our data show that anthocyanin-rich food reduces the number of hemocytes, Drosophila macrophages, infiltrating the fat cells, a process that is associated with reduced production of ROS and reduced activation of the JNK/SAPK p46 stress kinase, suggesting a fundamental function for anthocyanins as antioxidants in chronic inflammation and in metabolic diseases.

Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Muin Fardoun ◽  
Dina Maaliki ◽  
Nabil Halabi ◽  
Rabah Iratni ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Martín ◽  
Sonia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Properties

Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Osteopontin mediates obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and insulin resistance in mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877-2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nomiyama ◽  
Diego Perez-Tilve ◽  
Daisuke Ogawa ◽  
Florence Gizard ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophage

scholarly journals Low-Grade Inflammation Is Not Present in Former Obese Males but Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration Persists

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ara ◽  
Pernille Auerbach ◽  
Steen Larsen ◽  
Esmeralda Mata ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Macrophage infiltration in two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots and systemic low-grade inflammation were studied in post-obese (PO), obese (O), and control (C) subjects. Young males were recruited into PO: (n = 10, weight-loss avg. 26%, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.7, mean ±SEM kg/m2), O: (n = 10, BMI: 33.8 ± 1.0kg/m2) and C: (n = 10, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2). PO and C were matched by BMI. Blood and abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in the overnight fasted state. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were higher (p < 0.05) in O than in PO and C, TNF-α was higher (p < 0.05) only in O compared to PO and IL-18 was similar between groups. The number of CD68+ macrophages was higher (p < 0.05) in the gluteal than the abdominal depot, and higher (p < 0.05) in O and PO compared to C in both depots. The content of CD163+ macrophages was similar between depots but was higher (p < 0.05) in PO compared to C and O in the gluteal depot. In post obese men with a long-term sustained weight loss, systemic low-grade inflammation was similar to non-obese controls despite a higher subcutaneous adipose tissue CD68+ macrophage content. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory CD163+ macrophage adipose tissue content was consistently higher in post obese than obese and controls.

scholarly journals Lipid Profiling Reveals Browning Heterogeneity of White Adipose Tissue by Β3-Adrenergic Stimulation

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Biyu Hou ◽  
Yanliang Li ◽  
Chunyang Xu ◽  
Peng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning confers beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is not as susceptible to browning as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Aim: Interpreting the heterogeneity of VAT and SAT in brown remodeling and provide promising lipid targets to promote WAT browning. Methods: We first investigated the effects of β3-adrenergic stimulation by CL316,243 on systemic metabolism. Then, high-coverage targeted lipidomics approach with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was utilized to provide extensive detection of lipid metabolites in VAT and SAT. Results: CL316,243 notably ameliorated the systemic metabolism and induced brown remodeling of SAT but browning resistance of VAT. Comprehensive lipidomics analysis revealed browning heterogeneity of VAT and SAT with more dramatic alteration of lipid classes and species in VAT rather than SAT, though VAT is resistant to browning. Adrenergic stimulation differentially affected glycerides content in VAT and SAT and boosted the abundance of more glycerophospholipids species in VAT than in SAT. Besides, CL316,243 increased sphingolipids in VAT without changes in SAT, meanwhile, elevated cardiolipin species more prominently in VAT than in SAT. Conclusions: We demonstrated the browning heterogeneity of WAT and identified potential lipid biomarkers which may provide lipid targets for overcoming VAT browning resistance.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Modulation by Dietary Supplements in Obesity

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Tiziana Filardi ◽  
Claudia Sabato ◽  
Carla Lubrano ◽  
Carmela Santangelo ◽  
Susanna Morano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Weight loss obtained through diet and exercise leads to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been growing interest in the possible beneficial effects of dietary supplements (DSs), including polyphenols, fatty acids, and other plant-derived substances, as adjuvants in the management of obesity and metabolic diseases. Specifically, polyphenols, widely spread in vegetables and fruits, significantly modulate adipose tissue activities, contrasting inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity in preclinical and clinical studies. Remarkably, polyphenols are involved in complex microRNA networks, which play crucial roles in metabolic processes. The administration of different polyphenols and other plant-derived compounds led to significant changes in the microRNA expression profile in peripheral tissues in a growing number of preclinical studies. In particular, these compounds were able to revert obesity-induced microRNA dysregulation, leading to the inhibition of adipogenesis and the induction of weight loss. Furthermore, through microRNA modulation, they attenuated key metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance and lipid anomalies, in animal models of obesity. Some of them were also able to reduce proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence about the effect of plant-derived DSs on microRNA expression in obesity.

scholarly journals Receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Play a Protective Role against Obesity and Alter Adipose Tissue Macrophage Status

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 4124-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Pamir ◽  
Timothy S. McMillen ◽  
Karl J. Kaiyala ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz ◽  
Renée C. LeBoeuf
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Abstract TNF-α signals through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Our goals were: 1) determine the role of TNFRs in obesity and metabolic disease and 2) investigate whether TNFRs contribute to the link between obesity and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and polarization. R1−/−R2−/− (RKO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed standard chow or a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHS) over 14 wk. Body composition, food intake, and energy expenditure were measured. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests assessed glucose homeostasis. Adipose tissue and systemic inflammatory status were evaluated by quantifying plasma adipokine levels and macrophage-specific gene expression in fat. RKO mice were heavier (10%) and fatter (18%) than WT controls at 4 wk of age and were 26% heavier and 50% fatter than WT after 14 wk of HFHS diet feeding. Age- and diet-adjusted 24-h oxygen consumption, activity, and respiratory exchange ratio were significantly reduced in RKO mice. Obese RKO mice were markedly insulin resistant, suggesting that intact TNFR signaling is not required for the effect of obesity to impair glucose metabolism. Adipose tissue from HFHS-fed RKO mice exhibited increased macrophage infiltration, but compared with WT mice, macrophage phenotypic markers featured a predominance of antiinflammatory M2 over proinflammatory M1 cells. TNFRs play a physiological role to limit body weight and adiposity by modestly increasing metabolic rate and fatty acid oxidation, and they are required for obesity-induced activation of adipose tissue macrophages. Despite these effects, TNFRs are not required for obesity-induced insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits of Acupuncture and Herbs for Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation by Adipokines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ji-Youn Kim ◽  
Seon-Eun Baek ◽  
Rehna Paula Ginting ◽  
Min-Woo Lee ◽  
Jeong-Eun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Potential Benefits

The adipose tissue is an organ that stores energy in the form of fats. It also has been known as an endocrine playing an integral role in metabolic homeostasis by secreting various adipokines. In obesity, the adipokine components and secretion patterns are altered toward proinflammation with weight gain, causing low chronic inflammation, which is closely linked to various metabolic diseases. Acupuncture and herbs are used for the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and it has been observed that these therapies affect the amount of expression and concentration of adipokines with improved metabolic phenotypes in both animal and human metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of adipokines and summarize beneficial effects of the treatments such as electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, catgut embedding acupuncture, and single and multiple medicinal herbs on obesity and its relations to adipokine composition. It will provide a new insight for applying adipokines as surrogate markers in complementary and alternative medicine practice.

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