scholarly journals Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides fromGynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ji ◽  
Yingbin Shen ◽  
Xudan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Composition And Structure

Polysaccharides obtained fromGynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino have promising prospects in functional food and nutraceuticals due to its broad range of biological activities including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and antifatigue activities. These beneficial biological activities are related to chemical composition and structure of theG. pentaphyllumpolysaccharides. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and chemical structures could be influenced by both different extraction/purification techniques employed to obtain polysaccharide enriched products. The purpose of this article is to review previous and current literature regarding the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activity ofG. pentaphyllumpolysaccharides. This review provides a useful bibliography for the further investigation, production, and application ofG. pentaphyllumpolysaccharides as functional foods and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals A Review of Isolation, Chemical Properties, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Bletilla striata

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ji ◽  
Mingsong Yin ◽  
Hui Nie ◽  
Yanqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Hemostatic Effects

Recently, polysaccharides from Bletilla striata, a member of the orchidaceous family, aroused the wide interest of people, especially their isolation, chemical properties, and bioactivities. It is reported that these polysaccharides are the most important biologically active components of B. striata, exhibiting various biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and hemostatic effects. This review appraised the available literatures which described different aspects of B. striata polysaccharides, including the extraction, separation, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities. We expect to lay the foundation for further investigation of the application of B. striata polysaccharides in the field of functional foods and biomedicine.

Research on a Specialty Mushroom (Pleurotus tuber-regium) as a Functional Food: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (35) ◽  
pp. 9277-9286
Author(s):  
Shaoling Lin ◽  
Peixin Wang ◽  
Ka-Lung Lam ◽  
Jiamiao Hu ◽  
Peter C. K. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Biological Activities

Seco-tetracyclic and Seco-pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Nature: Phytochemistry, Biological Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingkai Liu ◽  
Yuqing Jian ◽  
Mengru Cao ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yixing Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Chemical Structures

: Seco-tetracyclic and seco-pentacyclic triterpenoids are a special class of triterpenoids with ring/rings cleaved on the original skeleton structures. A class of important triterpene derivatives, seco-tetracyclic and seco-pentacyclic triterpenoids, have long stimulated the interest and attention of botanists and natural products chemists. There is no systematic and comprehensive review for them. This review is focused on the phytochemical investigations and biological activities of seco-tetracyclic and seco-pentacyclic triterpenoids from nature, covering the literature from 2000-2019. This review describes 310 seco-tetracyclic and 139 seco-pentacyclic triterpenoids discovered from 154 species belong to 97 genera, which cover the chemical structures, types, sources, and bioactivities of compounds. The literature from 2000-2019 is reviewed and 208 references are cited.

scholarly journals Position Impact of Hydroxy Groups on Spectral, Acid–Base Profiles and DNA Interactions of Several Monohydroxy Flavanones

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Łodyga-Chruścińska ◽  
Agnieszka Kowalska-Baron ◽  
Paulina Błazińska ◽  
Maria Pilo ◽  
Antonio Zucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Profiles

Structure-related biological activities of flavanones are still considered largely unexplored. Since they exhibit various medicinal activities, it is intriguing to enter deeper into their chemical structures, electronic transitions or interactions with some biomolecules in order to find properties that allow us to better understand their effects. Little information is available on biological activity of flavanone and its monohydroxy derivatives in relation to their physicochemical properties as spectral profiles, existence of protonated/deprotonated species under pH changes or interaction with Calf Thymus DNA. We devoted this work to research demonstrating differences in the physicochemical properties of the four flavanones: flavanone, 2′-hydroxyflavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone and 7-hydroxyflavanone and linking them to their biological activity. Potentiometric titration, UV–Vis spectroscopy were used to investigate influence of pH on acid–base and spectral profiles and to propose the mode of interaction with DNA. Cyclic voltammetry was applied to evaluate antioxidant potentiality and additionally, theoretical DFT(B3LYP) method to disclose electronic structure and properties of the compounds. Molecular geometries, proton affinities and pKa values have been determined. According to computational and cyclic voltammetry results we could predict higher antioxidant activity of 6-hydroxyflavanone with respect to other compounds. The values of Kb intrinsic binding constants of the flavanones indicated weak interactions with DNA. Structure–activity relationships observed for antioxidant activity and DNA interactions suggest that 6-hydroxyflavanone can protect DNA against oxidative damage most effectively than flavanone, 2′-hydroxyflavanone or 7-hydroxyflavanone.

scholarly journals Lactic Acid Bacterial Production of Exopolysaccharides from Fruit and Vegetables and Associated Benefits

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Marie Guérin ◽  
Christine Robert-Da Silva ◽  
Cyrielle Garcia ◽  
Fabienne Remize
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Regulation Mode

Microbial polysaccharides have interesting and attractive characteristics for the food industry, especially when produced by food grade bacteria. Polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during fermentation are extracellular macromolecules of either homo or hetero polysaccharidic nature, and can be classified according to their chemical composition and structure. The most prominent exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Bifidobacterium sp. The EPS biosynthesis and regulation pathways are under the dependence of numerous factors as producing-species or strain, nutrient availability, and environmental conditions, resulting in varied carbohydrate compositions and beneficial properties. The interest is growing for fruits and vegetables fermented products, as new functional foods, and the present review is focused on exploring the EPS that could derive from lactic fermented fruit and vegetables. The chemical composition, biosynthetic pathways of EPS and their regulation mode is reported. The consequences of EPS on food quality, especially texture, are explored in relation to producing species. Attention is given to the scientific investigations on health benefits attributed to EPS such as prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol lowering activities.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Black Sea Algae Polysiphonia denudata (Dillw.) Kutz. and Polysiphonia denudata f. fragilis (Sperk) Woronich

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1008-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Rosa ◽  
Zornitsa Kamenarska ◽  
Vassya Bankova ◽  
Kamen Stefanov ◽  
Stefka Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Polar Components

Abstract The two investigated algae had almost identical sterol composition, but there were signifi­cant differences in the com position of the polar components and especially in the composi­tion of the volatiles. P. denudata f. fragilis extracts possessed a stronger biological activity (antibacterial, antifungal and toxicity against Artemia salina). Despite the minute morpholog­ical differences between the two algae, we recommend P. denudata f. fragilis to be regarded as P. denudata subsp. fragilis.

scholarly journals Using the Eurotium cristatum Fungus for Preparing Fermented Herbal Teas -

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Elena F. Shanenko ◽  
Olga V. Efremenkova ◽  
Tatiana G. Mukhamedzanova ◽  
Yu. A. Nikolaev ◽  
Tatiana A. Efimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Apple Leaves

Background: The biological activities of dark Chinese teas are largely due to their microbial post-fermentation. Herbal teas are traditional Russian beverages that hold special value, owing to their taste and useful medicinal properties. However, no data are available in the literature on using microbial post-fermentation for enhancing their biological activity. The goal of this work was to demonstrate that the fungus Eurotium isolated from Chinese black teas can be used for the post-fermentation of herbal teas produced from bay willow and apple leaves.Methods: Eurotium cristatum was isolated from brick Chinese tea Fujan and identified using conventional methods of microbiology and molecular biology. Low molecular weight metabolites (phenols, amines, sugars, and amino acids) were determined by HPLC. E. cristatum was grown in association with the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.Results: It was revealed to exhibit valuable biosynthetic features, such as a lack of mycotoxins, zero antimicrobial activity, and the capacity to synthesize neuroactive amines. B. amyloliquefaciens displayed a wide spectrum of antibiotic (antimicrobial and antifungal) activities that anifested themselves even with antibiotic-resistant bacteria). While growing on green unfermented tea (Camellia sp.) E. cristatum produced and modified neuroactive amines, such as dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine. The fungus efficiently grew during the post-fermentation of herbal teas from both bay willow and apple leaves. Even though Camellia leaves substantially differed from bay willow and apple leaves in terms of phenol content, the growth of E. cristatum on Camellia was also sufficiently good. This suggests that the growth of Eurotium fungi is not influenced by the phenolic compounds. The data obtained on the composition of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and amino acids in the fermented plants and raw material provide evidence that the growth of the fungus proceeds depends on the hydrolysis of high molecular weight phenols and cell biopolymers in the fermented material.Conclusion: Thus, the ability of E. cristatum to grow on plant leaves of significantly different biochemical composition provides foundations for new technologies aiming to obtain post-fermented herbal teas with high biological activity that are enriched in low molecular weight compounds including biogenic amines.

scholarly journals Assessment of anti-inflammatory effects of Japanese Kampo medicine versus functional foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mikio Nishizawa ◽  
Tadayoshi Okumura ◽  
Yukinobu Ikeya
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Kampo Medicine ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Background: Traditional Japanese drugs called Kampo medicine are widely used in Japan. Each Kampo medicine consists of several crude drugs, most of which are derived from medicinal plants. Clinical administration has empirically evaluated the effects of Kampo medicine In contrast, functional foods are prepared from foods and edible plants (e.g., herbs, vegetables, and fruits). Due to the relatively low content of a pharmacologically active constituents in functional foods, their effectiveness has not been well evaluated and thus should be better investigated. Kampo medicine and functional foods have beneficial effects for humans, and many of them exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we discuss the principles and methods to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of functional foods and Kampo medicine.To investigate pharmacological effects of functional foods and Kampo medicines, their constituents should be isolated to identify their chemical structures. Cell-based studies are commonly performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of the constituents in Kampo medicine and functional foods. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes are used and produce pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide. When an extract from a Kampo medicine, functional food, or a respective constituent is added to the medium, pro-inflammatory mediator production decreases, and the anti-inflammatory activity is estimated. Animal experiments have been performed using disease models, such as the endotoxemia model for animals, to which bacterial endotoxin is administered. Administering an effective functional food or Kampo medicine improves the survival of the model animals. The action of the anti-inflammatory effects of functional foods and Kampo medicines can be investigated by the above-mentioned methods. The studies using cells and animals will provide a basis for the safe and effective use of functional foods and Kampo medicine in humans to treat diseases or improve health conditions.Keywords: herbal drug, Kampo medicine, nitric oxide, inflammation, hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Advances in the Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Eleutherococcus senticosus Polysaccharides: A Promising Medicinal and Edible Resource With Development Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Li ◽  
Cai Chen ◽  
Aijing Leng ◽  
Jialin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Eleutherococcus Senticosus ◽  
Radiation Enhancement ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Efficient Extraction

In recent years, natural polysaccharides have received growing attention and interest in view of their values in food, medical, cosmetics and other fields. Eleutherococcus senticosus (E. senticosus) is a medicine and food homologous plant that possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, central nervous system and cardiovascular protection, anti-radiation, enhancement of human microcirculation, improvement of physical fatigue effects, mainly based on lignans, flavonoids and coumarin types. E. senticosus polysaccharides (ESPS), act as a kind of polysaccharide extracted and isolated from the root and rhizome of E. senticosus, have been found in many applications of medicine and food for their unique biological activity. Nevertheless, the existing studies are mostly concerned with small molecules of E. senticosus, less attention is paid to polysaccharides. Moreover, the types and structural characterization of ESPS reported in existing literature were also not summarized. In this paper, the research progress of ESPS is reviewed from the aspects of extraction, separation, structural characterization and biological activity, future perspectives from points of efficient extraction, resource utilization and quality control standards were also proposed, which provide reference for the further development and utilization of ESPS.

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