scholarly journals Effectiveness of Low to Moderate Physical Exercise Training on the Level of Low-Density Lipoproteins: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Albarrati ◽  
Mansour Saleh M. Alghamdi ◽  
Rakan I. Nazer ◽  
Maarab M. Alkorashy ◽  
Nora Alshowier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Regular exercise reduces risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) contributes to atherosclerosis formation, which is associated with an increased risk of CVD. The relationship between exercise therapy and lipid levels has been widely studied, but it is established that high-intensity exercise improves lipid profile. However, the effectiveness of low- to moderate-intensity exercise in altering LDL levels is controversial. This review aims to identify the current evidence and existing gaps in literature in this area. Methods. We searched and reviewed various randomized controlled clinical trials in the electronic databases EMBASE, CINAHL, the Web of Science, Cochrane, Pedro, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar using the keywords “low and moderate aerobic training,” “exercise”, “low-density lipoproteins,” “cholesterol,” “atherosclerosis,” and “coronary artery diseases markers.” We included studies that involved low- and/or moderate-intensity exercise training in apparently healthy adults over a period of 8 weeks and its effect on LDL levels. We selected a total of 11 studies from 469; nine were randomized controlled trials and two were systematic reviews. Results. Aerobic exercise of both low and moderate intensity resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol. Effects on low-density lipoprotein levels were significant, and most of the studies showed changes in the level without significant relation to the type of exercise. At the same time, exercise improved the health status and physical fitness of all the participants in the included studies. Conclusion. This study found that low- and moderate-intensity exercise and low-density lipoprotein levels were not proven to be significantly related, except in a few studies that were limited to dyslipidemia population.

Inactivity, exercise training and detraining, and plasma lipoproteins. STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cris A. Slentz ◽  
Joseph A. Houmard ◽  
Johanna L. Johnson ◽  
Lori A. Bateman ◽  
Charles J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Exercise has beneficial effects on lipoproteins. Little is known about how long the effects persist with detraining or whether the duration of benefit is effected by training intensity or amount. Sedentary, overweight subjects ( n = 240) were randomized to 6-mo control or one of three exercise groups: 1) high-amount/vigorous-intensity exercise; 2) low-amount/vigorous-intensity exercise; or 3) low-amount/moderate-intensity exercise. Training consisted of a gradual increase in amount of exercise followed by 6 mo of exercise at the prescribed level. Exercise included treadmill, elliptical trainer, and stationary bicycle. The number of minutes necessary to expend the prescribed kilocalories per week (14 kcal·kg body wt−1·wk−1for both low-amount groups; 23 kcal·kg body wt−1·wk−1for high-amount group) was calculated for each subject. Average adherence was 83–92% for the three groups; minutes per week were 207, 125, and 203 and sessions per week were 3.6, 2.9, and 3.5 for high-amount/vigorous-intensity, low-amount/vigorous intensity, and low-amount/moderate-intensity groups, respectively. Plasma was obtained at baseline, 24 h, 5 days, and 15 days after exercise cessation. Continued inactivity resulted in significant increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number, small dense LDL, and LDL-cholesterol. A modest amount of exercise training prevented this deterioration. Moderate-intensity but not vigorous-intensity exercise resulted in a sustained reduction in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides over 15 days of detraining ( P < 0.05). The high-amount group had significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, HDL particle size, and large HDL levels that were sustained for 15 days after exercise stopped. In conclusion, physical inactivity has profound negative effects on lipoprotein metabolism. Modest exercise prevented this. Moderate-intensity but not vigorous-intensity exercise resulted in sustained VLDL-triglyceride lowering. Thirty minutes per day of vigorous exercise, like jogging, has sustained beneficial effects on HDL metabolism.

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Cell Adhesion Molecules Following Exercise Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsuk Koh ◽  
Jin Park ◽  
Rick Carter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

AbstractElevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and cell adhesion molecules are associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The role of exercise in circulating ox-LDL, enzyme mediators, and cell adhesion molecules are not clearly understood in obesity. As a randomized controlled design, 27 obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) sedentary men (N=13) and women (N=14) were randomly assigned to either an exercise (N=15) or a control (N=12) group. The exercise group performed a 60-min supervised treadmill exercise at moderate intensity (70% of HRmax) for 3 days per week for 4 weeks, while the control group did not exercise. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected before and after the study period to analyze serum lipids, lipoprotein-cholesterol, ox-LDL, 12- and 15-lipoxygenases, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Moderate-intensity exercise training lowered both ox-LDL (from 44.76±1.99 to 38.51±1.99 U/L, p=0.032) and MPO (from 31.48±2.20 to 23.09±2.20 ng/mL, p=0.010), without significantly altering body weight, other parameters of serum lipids and lipoproteins, or soluble cell adhesion molecules. Moderate intensity exercise training reduced the levels of ox-LDL and MPO, indicating a reduced risk for developing CVD and additional protection to the possible metabolic complications associated with obesity.

scholarly journals The Effects of Statin Dose, Lipophilicity, and Combination of Statins plus Ezetimibe on Circulating Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Fatemeh Baratzadeh ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Luis E. Simental-Mendía ◽  
Suowen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background. Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are the drugs of choice for decreasing LDL-C and are used for the prevention and management of ASCVD. Guidelines recommend that subjects with high and very high ASCVD risk should be treated with high-intensity statins or a combination of high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. The lipophilicity or hydrophilicity (solubility) of statins is considered to be important for at least some of their LDL-C lowering independent pleiotropic effects. Oxidative modification of LDL (ox-LDL) is considered to be the most important atherogenic modification of LDL and is supposed to play a crucial role in atherogenesis and ASCVD outcomes. Objective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to find out what are the effects of statin intensity, lipophilicity, and combination of statins plus ezetimibe on ox-LDL. Methods. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 5, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent and blinded authors evaluated eligibility by screening the titles and abstracts of the studies. Risk of bias in the studies included in this meta-analysis was evaluated according to the Cochrane instructions. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V2 software. Evaluation of funnel plot, Begg’s rank correlation, and Egger’s weighted regression tests were used to assess the presence of publication bias. Results. Among the 1427 published studies identified by a systematic databases search, 20 RCTs were finally included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 1874 patients are included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis suggests that high-intensity statin treatment is associated with a significant decrease in circulating concentrations of ox-LDL when compared with low-to-moderate treatment (SMD: -0.675, 95% CI: -0.994, -0.357, p < 0.001 ; I 2 : 55.93%). There was no difference concerning ox-LDL concentration between treatments with hydrophilic and lipophilic statins (SMD: -0.129, 95% CI: -0.330, -0.071, p = 0.206 ; I 2 : 45.3%), but there was a significant reduction in circulating concentrations of ox-LDL associated with statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy when compared with statin monotherapy (SMD: -0.220, 95% CI: -0.369, -0.071, p = 0.004 ; I 2 : 0%). Conclusion. High-dose statin or combination of statins with ezetmibe reduces plasma ox-LDL in comparison low-to-moderate intensity statin therapy alone. Statin lipophilicity is not associated with reduction in ox-LDL plasma concentrations.

Simplified method for the diameter sizing of serum low-density lipoprotein using polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideko Tsukamoto ◽  
Izumi Takei ◽  
Keiko Ishii ◽  
Kiyoaki Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

AbstractThe appearance of small, dense, low-density lipoprotein in serum has been demonstrated to be associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. The molecular diameter of low-density lipoprotein is usually measured on the basis of mobility differences on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, since mobility assessed by this method is seriously affected by the increased levels of serum free fatty acids associated with hypertriglyceridemia, we used polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis to eliminate the interference by fatty acids and devised a simple, precise method of polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis to measure the diameter of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins in serum. We used apoferritin and thyroglobulin, which have a molecular diameter of 12.2 nm and 17.0 nm, respectively, and standard low-density lipoprotein particles having a diameter of 25.7 and 27.0 nm as calibrators, estimated by measurement of negative staining of electron microscopy. We also included apoferritin as an internal standard for polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The only stain used was Coomassie brilliant blue, and it was used for lipoprotein staining. When we used low-density lipoprotein of 25.73 nm in diameter as a quality control specimen, the coefficient of variation of the size measurements obtained by our method was less than 1.2%. The new method markedly improved the laboratory procedure for measuring the diameter of low-density lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Long-term fasting improves lipoprotein-associated atherogenic risk in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Grundler ◽  
Dietmar Plonné ◽  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Diethard Müller ◽  
Cesare R. Sirtori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Purpose Dyslipidemia is a major health concern associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Long-term fasting (LF) has been shown to improve plasma lipid profile. We performed an in-depth investigation of lipoprotein composition. Methods This observational study included 40 volunteers (50% men, aged 32–65 years), who underwent a medically supervised fast of 14 days (250 kcal/day). Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels, as well as in lipoprotein subclasses and particles, were measured by ultracentrifugation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at baseline, and after 7 and 14 fasting days. Results The largest changes were found after 14 fasting days. There were significant reductions in triglycerides (TG, − 0.35 ± 0.1 mmol/L), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (− 0.46 ± 0.08 mmol/L), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C, − 0.16 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C (− 0.72 ± 0.14 mmol/L). Analysis of LDL subclasses showed a significant decrease in LDL1-C (− 0.16 ± 0.05 mmol/L), LDL2-C (− 0.30 ± 0.06 mmol/L) and LDL3-C (− 0.27 ± 0.05 mmol/L). NMR spectroscopy showed a significant reduction in large VLDL particles (− 5.18 ± 1.26 nmol/L), as well as large (− 244.13 ± 39.45 nmol/L) and small LDL particles (− 38.45 ± 44.04 nmol/L). A significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (− 0.16 ± 0.04 mmol/L) was observed. By contrast, the concentration in large HDL particles was significantly raised. Apolipoprotein A1 decreased significantly whereas apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were unchanged. Conclusion Our results suggest that LF improves lipoprotein levels and lipoprotein subclasses and ameliorates the lipoprotein-associated atherogenic risk profile, suggesting a reduction in the cardiovascular risk linked to dyslipidemia. Trial Registration Study registration number: DRKS-ID: DRKS00010111 Date of registration: 03/06/2016 “retrospectively registered”.

scholarly journals Evaluation of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients for dyslipidemia in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Janak G. Chokshi ◽  
Apal P. Gandhi ◽  
Ishvarlal M. Parmar ◽  
Dipen R. Damor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.

Evaluation of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Large Molecular Size Low-Density Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis

Pathobiology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takemichi Kanazawa ◽  
Tomohiro Osanai ◽  
Tsugumichi Uemura ◽  
Kogo Onodera ◽  
Yasaburo Oike
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein
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