scholarly journals Laboratory Tests on Effectiveness of Environment-Friendly Organic Polymer on Physical Properties of Sand

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Liu ◽  
Zezhuo Song ◽  
Yuxia Bai ◽  
Zhihao Chen ◽  
Jihong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Reinforced Sand ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Erosion Test ◽  
The Stability

The poor water stability, high penetrability, and low antierosion of sand affect the stability of the sandy soil slope. To understand the effectiveness of environment-friendly organic polymer on these physical properties of sand, a series of laboratory tests including water stability test, penetration test, and runoff erosion test of polymer reinforced sand were performed. The results of tests indicated that the organic polymers have obvious effects on the reinforced sand. The water stability of polymer reinforced sand had been improved strongly. All the reinforced sands with polymer ≥0.3% remained a stable structure at immersing time of 24 hours. The penetrability of the reinforced sand decreased with the increase of the polymer. The reinforced sand with polymer ≥7% was impermeable. The erosion resistance of sand increased with the increase of polymer content. With the polymer ≥4%, the sand surface kept intact with the scouring time more than 2 hours. The results could be applied as the reference for organic polymer reinforced sand engineering, especially for surface protection of embankment, slope, and landfill.

scholarly journals Study on the Permeability Characteristics of Polyurethane Soil Stabilizer Reinforced Sand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Liu ◽  
Xiaohui Qi ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Qiao Feng ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
Reinforced Sand ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Layer Increase

A polymer material of polyurethane soil stabilizer (PSS) is used to reinforce the sand. To understand the permeability characteristics of PSS reinforced sand, a series of reinforcement layer form test, single-hole permeability test, and porous permeability test of sand reinforced with PSS have been performed. Reinforcement mechanism is discussed with scanning electron microscope images. The results indicated that the permeability resistance of sand reinforced with polyurethane soil stabilizer is improved through the formation of reinforcement layer on the sand surface. The thickness and complete degree of the reinforcement layer increase with the increasing of curing time and PSS concentration. The water flow rate decreases with the increasing of curing time or PSS concentration. The permeability coefficient decreases with the increasing of curing time and PSS concentration and increases with the increasing of depth in specimen. PSS fills up the voids of sand and adsorbs on the surface of sand particle to reduce or block the flowing channels of water to improve the permeability resistance of sand. The results can be applied as the reference for chemical reinforcement sandy soil engineering, especially for surface protection of embankment, slope, and landfill.

scholarly journals LABORATORY TESTING OF LEICA AT401 LASER TRACKER

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Dvořáček
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Distance Measurement ◽  
Additive Constant ◽  
Laser Tracker ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
The Stability

<p>This paper describes laboratory tests on a Leica AT401laser tracker. As the newer Leica AT402 model also uses the same firmware package, most of the results should also be valid for this device. First, we present the instrument’s firmware errors and the software used for testing. The ASME B89.4.19-2006 standard for testing laser trackers is briefly presented. The warm-up effect of the instrument is inspected with respect to both angle measurement and distance measurement. The absolute distance meter (ADM) is compared with a laboratory interferometer on a 30-meter long rail and also on a bench with automated movement of the carriage of the reflector. A time series of measurements for determining the additive constant is evaluated. A simple test of the stability of the distance measurement in field conditions is introduced. Most of the tests were carried out at the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (RIGTC) and at the Faculty of Civil Engineering (FCE) of the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU).</p>

The tuning effect of the electric field on the physical properties of some typical wurtzite semiconductors

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (33) ◽  
pp. 1750310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ning Li ◽  
San-Lue Hu ◽  
Hao-Yu Dong ◽  
Xiao-Ying Xu ◽  
Jia-Fu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wurtzite Semiconductors

Under the tuning of an external electric field, the variation of the geometric structures and the band gaps of the wurtzite semiconductors ZnS, ZnO, BeO, AlN, SiC and GaN have been investigated by the first-principles method based on density functional theory. The stability, density of states, band structures and the charge distribution have been analyzed under the electric field along (001) and (00[Formula: see text]) directions. Furthermore, the corresponding results have been compared without the electric field. According to our calculation, we find that the magnitude and the direction of the electric field have a great influence on the electronic structures of the wurtzite materials we mentioned above, which induce a phase transition from semiconductor to metal under a certain electric field. Therefore, we can regulate their physical properties of this type of semiconductor materials by tuning the magnitude and the direction of the electric field.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactic Acid Content into on during Miconazole Eye Drops to be Used for Infection Preventive

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimura K ◽  
Inoue Y ◽  
Koizumi A ◽  
Suzuki M ◽  
Itakura S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
The Stability

Purpose: The aims of this study were to prepare a 0.1% Miconazole (MCZ) eye-drop solution and to evaluate the stability and physical properties of the preparation.

scholarly journals The Effect of AlI3 Nanoadditive on the Thermal Behavior of PMMA Subjected to Thermoanalytical Py-GC-MS Technique

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7036
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Taj Ur Rahman ◽  
Ali Bahadur ◽  
Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽  
Wajiha Liaqat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chemical Association ◽  
Pmma Polymer

Thermal degradation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was studied by using inorganic salt of aluminum triiodide (AlI3). The composites of PMMA were prepared with AlI3 by changing the concentration of the AlI3 additive from 2% to 10% (w/w). The PMMA composites with AlI3 were characterized by TGA, DTG, SEM, FTIR, HBT, and Py-GC-MS techniques. The FTIR peaks of PMMA composite at 1316, 786, and 693 cm−1 justify the chemical association between PMMA and AlI3. TGA study shows that the stability of PMMA is enhanced by the addition of the AlI3 additive. SEM analysis represented that there is a relationship between polymer and additive when they are mixed at the molecular level. The horizontal burning test (HBT) also confirmed that the AlI3 additive produced the flame retarding properties in PMMA polymer. The burning rate of composite with 10% of AlI3 additive decreases five times as much as compared to pure PMMA polymer. Py-GC-MS analysis deduced that PMMA composite produced less toxic and environment-friendly substances (CO2) by the influence of AlI3 additive as compared to neat PMMA.

scholarly journals Use of Instream Structure Technique for Aquatic Habitat Formation in Ecological Stream Restoration

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidoo Park ◽  
Kil Lee ◽  
Young-Oh Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Instream Flows ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
Habitat Simulation ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
The Stability

Drought flow as the minimum flow rate required for restoration of the Mokgamcheon stream was calculated by the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) V.5.0. The adequacy of drought flow to guarantee the minimum ecological environment was assessed using suitable low-flows not exceeding the maximum pollution concentration of the ecosystem calculated by Design FLOWs (DFLOW) V.4.1. Fish flows, which provide proper ecological habitat for fish, were calculated using Physical HABitat SIMulation (PHABSIM) V.1.5.2 to provide proper ecological habitat for target fishes such as Carassius auratus and Zacco platypus. The monthly expected instream flows were determined as the largest value between drought flow and fish flow. In most cases, instream flows were determined by drought flows exceeding fish flows that satisfy the condition of species habitat, but in the case of Carassius auratus, drought flows were less than fish flows in April, September, and October. Thus, structural measures for the supply of additional discharge were required. Instead, when natural environment-friendly instream structures, such as stepping stones were used, affordable ecological restoration that met the preferred conditions for discharge and depth of Carassius auratus was possible. The stepping stones were assessed using River2D V.0.95a to measure their effectiveness compared to other structural measures that would be costly and time-consuming to secure shortage of fish flow. Finally, the stability of the habitat was assessed through flood analysis; in case of a flood discharge of 5.2 m3/s obtained from time-series analysis, it was evaluated that the stability of habitats could be reasonable.

Determining the Effect of Formulation On Physical Properties of Asphalt Mastic Coatings

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 157t-170t ◽  
Author(s):  
LYLE R. SHEPPARD
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Needle Penetration ◽  
Blunt Needle ◽  
Needle Penetration Test

Abstract Field and laboratory tests were made to determine the characteristics of asphalt mastic coatings which may affect their performance on pipe lines as a corrosion protection device and as a weighting agent. A Blunt Needle Penetration Test was developed to aid in control of the quality of finished mastic coatings. This test proved quite sensitive to both binder quality and the ratio of binder to aggregate. Laboratory measurements were made of such physical properties as binder softening point and penetration, bulk density, adhesion, cohesion, apparent voids, blunt needle penetration, and temperature characteristics. Purpose of tests was to determine the mastic quality and the influence of various mixtures on physical properties of the mastic. A number of extensive outside discussions are included together with the author's replies. 5.4.5, 8.9.3, 2.3.7

Effect of the Surfactant Concentration on Sinking Electric Discharge Machining Performance with Water-in-Oil Emulsion as Dielectric

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3153-3157
Author(s):  
Yan Zhen Zhang ◽  
Yong Hong Liu ◽  
Ren Jie Ji ◽  
Bao Ping Cai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Electric Discharge Machining ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

In this paper, the EDM performance of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions dielectric with different surfactant concentration is investigated by correlated to its physical properties, such as viscosity and droplets size, which is predominantly determined by the surfactant concentration. Experimental results show that the stability of the W/O emulsions increases with increasing surfactant concentration, whereas the EDM performance deteriorates with increasing surfactant concentration. So, taking a comprehensively consideration of the emulsion stability and EDM performance, the concentration of surfactant must be appropriately selected.

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