scholarly journals Toxicological and Biochemical Analyses of an Autopsy Case Involving Oral Overdose of Multiple Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Ikeda ◽  
Naoto Tani ◽  
Shigeki Oritani ◽  
Alissa Shida ◽  
Yayoi Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Oral Antidiabetics ◽  
Fatal Overdose ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

Oral antidiabetics can cause fatal hypoglycemia; although they can be chemically identified and quantified, biochemical investigations are important for assessing the biological consequences of an overdose. Such cases of overdose involving oral antidiabetics may involve other drugs for treating lifestyle-related diseases, particularly antihypertensives. Here, we report a toxicological and biochemical investigation of drugs and biochemical profiles in a fatal overdose involving multiple oral antidiabetics and antihypertensives. A 55-year-old woman died about 2 days after the ingestion of around 110 tablets of antidiabetics and antihypertensives that had been prescribed for her husband. A forensic autopsy and histological analysis demonstrated no evident pathology as the cause of death. A toxicological analysis suggested hypoglycemia and an overdose of antihypertensives as well as the retention of antidiabetics and diuretics in the pericardial fluid. A relatively low pericardial amlodipine concentration was observed, which may have been the result of its long half-life (slower distribution and reduction rate) and/or possible affinity with the myocardium. In addition, a biochemical analysis indicated hypoglycemia, without increased serum insulin and C-peptide, but with increased glucagon levels, as the possible influence of glibenclamide overdose. These observations suggest the usefulness of a combination of toxicological and biochemical analyses in postmortem investigations involving a fatal overdose of such drugs.

Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugapriya K. ◽  
T. Murugan ◽  
Thayumanavan Tha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
South India ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
First Time

Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world

Contemporary biochemical analysis of normal pericardial fluid

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Imazio ◽  
Andrea Biondo ◽  
Davide Ricci ◽  
Massimo Boffini ◽  
Emanuele Pivetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Normal Composition

ObjectiveBiochemical analysis of pericardial fluid (PF) is commonly performed for the initial assessment of PF, and the results are usually interpreted according to Light’s traditional criteria for the differential diagnosis of transudates versus exudates. However, Light’s criteria have been formulated for the biochemical analysis of pleural fluid. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the normal composition of PF in candidates for cardiac surgery.MethodsCohort study with analysis of PF from candidates for cardiac surgery. Exclusion criteria were previous pericardial disease or cardiac surgery, prior myocardial infarction within 3 months, systemic disease (eg, systemic inflammatory diseases, uremia) or drug with potentiality to affect the pericardium.ResultsFifty patients (mean age was 67 years; 95% CI 64 to 71, 29 males, 58.0%) were included in the present analysis. Levels of small molecules were similar in blood and PF. Total proteins in PF was, on average, 0.5 times lower than corresponding plasma levels (p=0.041), while the level of pericardial lactate dehydrogenase was, on average, 1.06 times higher than plasma (p=0.55). Moreover, mononuclear cells were more concentrated in PF than plasma (p=0.17). Traditional Light’s criteria misclassified all PFs as exudates.ConclusionsTraditional Light’s criteria misclassified normal PFs in candidates for cardiac surgery as exudates. This study suggests their futility for the biochemical analysis of PF in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Biochemical Analysis of a β-d-Xylosidase and a Bifunctional Xylanase-Ferulic Acid Esterase from a Xylanolytic Gene Cluster in Prevotella ruminicola 23

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (10) ◽  
pp. 3328-3338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Dodd ◽  
Svetlana A. Kocherginskaya ◽  
M. Ashley Spies ◽  
Kyle E. Beery ◽  
Charles A. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Ferulic Acid Esterase ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Cellular Machinery ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT Prevotella ruminicola 23 is an obligate anaerobic bacterium in the phylum Bacteroidetes that contributes to hemicellulose utilization within the bovine rumen. To gain insight into the cellular machinery that this organism elaborates to degrade the hemicellulosic polymer xylan, we identified and cloned a gene predicted to encode a bifunctional xylanase-ferulic acid esterase (xyn10D-fae1A) and expressed the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. Biochemical analysis of purified Xyn10D-Fae1A revealed that this protein possesses both endo-β-1,4-xylanase and ferulic acid esterase activities. A putative glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 3 β-d-glucosidase gene, with a novel PA14-like insertion sequence, was identified two genes downstream of xyn10D-fae1A. Biochemical analyses of the purified recombinant protein revealed that the putative β-d-glucosidase has activity for pNP-β-d-xylopyranoside, pNP-α-l-arabinofuranoside, and xylo-oligosaccharides; thus, the gene was designated xyl3A. When incubated in combination with Xyn10D-Fae1A, Xyl3A improved the release of xylose monomers from a hemicellulosic xylan substrate, suggesting that these two enzymes function synergistically to depolymerize xylan. Directed mutagenesis studies of Xyn10D-Fae1A mapped the catalytic sites for the two enzymatic functionalities to distinct regions within the polypeptide sequence. When a mutation was introduced into the putative catalytic site for the xylanase domain (E280S), the ferulic acid esterase activity increased threefold, which suggests that the two catalytic domains for Xyn10D-Fae1A are functionally coupled. Directed mutagenesis of conserved residues for Xyl3A resulted in attenuation of activity, which supports the assignment of Xyl3A as a GH family 3 β-d-xylosidase.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the beneficial and protective effects of exenatide in diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Lotfy ◽  
Jaipaul Singh ◽  
Hameed Rashed ◽  
Saeed Tariq ◽  
Erika Zilahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists are promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study examines the mechanism of the protective effects of exenatide in experimental diabetes, employing four groups of ten rats each, in which two groups were streptozotocin-induced diabetic and two were control groups. One control and one diabetic group were treated with exenatide (1 μg/kg body weight (BW)) for 10 weeks. Blood plasma was taken for biochemical analyses while pancreatic tissue was taken for immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy studies and real-time PCR to examine the expression of genes. The results show that exenatide improved BW gain and reduced blood glucose in diabetic rats compared with controls. Similarly, exenatide enhanced insulin release from the pancreatic fragments and improved liver and kidney functions and lipid profile in diabetic rats compared with controls. Exenatide not only induced significant increases in serum insulin level but also elevated the number of insulin-, GLP1- and exenatide-positive cells compared with untreated controls. Exenatide also elevated the number of catalase- and glutathione reductase-positive cells in diabetic rat pancreas compared with controls. Exenatide caused significant elevation in the expressions of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, heat shock protein-70, glutathione peroxidase, insulin receptor and GLP1 receptor genes in the pancreas of both control and diabetic rats compared with untreated animals. The results have demonstrated that exenatide can exert its beneficial and protective effects by elevating the levels of endogenous antioxidants and genes responsible for the survival, regeneration and proliferation of pancreatic β-cell.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of the hoof capsule of buffaloes and its influence on hoof quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Assis ◽  
V.A.S. Vulcani ◽  
L.A.F. Silva ◽  
M. Dias ◽  
A. Pancotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to establish the biochemical parameters of the abaxial wall, dorsal wall and sole of the hoof of the medial thoracic, lateral, and medial pelvic digits of buffalos. The hoof samples were subjected to destructive biochemical analyses to identify the dry material (DM), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents. Sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels were determined based on nondestructive biochemical analyses. The parameters of dry material, mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract of hoof capsule of the digits of buffalos can be determined by means of both destructive and nondestructive biochemical analysis. In addition, this study revealed that the highest concentrations of DM, CP and minerals such as, K, Zn and Cu are concentrated in the digits that bear the greatest body mass weight, suggesting that there is a positive correlation between the aforementioned parameters and the strength and growth of the hoof capsule in the digits. As for the element S, this study demonstrated that its highest concentration is located in the lateral digits of the pelvic members.

scholarly journals Amlodipine and valsartan improving effect on the survival rate and deleterious pathological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with metformin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Olapeju Bolanle ◽  
Eric Kelly Inanemo Omogbai ◽  
Enitome Evi Bafor
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Amlodipine Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Group B ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension usually co-exist, and when this happens, the prognosis would be worse than each disease alone. Given this, we evaluated the possible effects of valsartan and amlodipine administration on metformin-treated diabetic rats models induced by streptozotocin. Male Wistar rats (200–350 g) were fasted overnight. Then, we induced DM by administrating a single dose of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (IP), which was confirmed after 48 h. Animals with blood sugar ≥ 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic and divided into four diabetic groups of untreated diabetic animals (Group B), diabetic animals treated with metformin (Group C), diabetic animals treated with metformin plus amlodipine (Group D), and diabetic rats treated with metformin plus valsartan (Group E). There was also a group A, consisting of normal rats with no drug treatment. After six weeks of treatment, we sacrificed the animals under chloroform anesthesia, and their blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. The mortality rate in untreated diabetic rats was 100% before 6 weeks, but anti-diabetic treatment (metformin) significantly (P < 0.05) improved the survival rate and controlled their blood glucose level. The addition of antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine and valsartan) enhanced this curative effect. The various treated groups showed ameliorations in pathologic changes and biochemical indices, as well as, evidence of organ protection, compared with the untreated diabetic group. The study showed that adding an antihypertensive drug (amlodipine or valsartan) to metformin regimen improved outcomes in diabetic rats compared to using metformin alone.

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Telmisartan Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cioni ◽  
Caterina Sordini ◽  
Ivo Cavallini ◽  
Roberto Bigazzi ◽  
Vito M. Campese
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Levels

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is common among patients on dialysis and is worse among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) than among patients on hemodialysis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that administration of telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, might improve insulin sensitivity in patients on PD.MethodThis was a crossover study of 30 nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease being treated with PD. Group A patients ( n = 15) received telmisartan and other antihypertensive drugs for 4 months, followed by 4 months without telmisartan. Group B patients ( n = 15) received their usual treatment for 4 months, followed by 4 months of treatment with telmisartan. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were monitored and homeostasis model assessment method for IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated.ResultsTreatment with telmisartan had no significant impact on serum glucose, potassium, and bicarbonate levels. However, telmisartan significantly reduced serum insulin levels and the HOMA index in groups A and B.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonist, may effectively improve insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA in patients treated with PD.

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