scholarly journals Stimulating the Healthy Brain to Investigate Neural Correlates of Motor Preparation: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécilia Neige ◽  
Hugo Massé-Alarie ◽  
Catherine Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

Objective. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques can be used to selectively increase or decrease the excitability of a cortical region, providing a unique opportunity to assess the causal contribution of that region to the process being assessed. The objective of this paper is to systematically examine studies investigating changes in reaction time induced by noninvasive brain stimulation in healthy participants during movement preparation. Methods. A systematic review of the literature was performed in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of science databases. A combination of keywords related to motor preparation, associated behavioral outcomes, and noninvasive brain stimulation methods was used. Results. Twenty-seven studies were included, and systematic data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Reaction time results were transformed in standardised mean difference and graphically pooled in forest plots depending on the targeted cortical area and the type of stimulation. Conclusions. Despite methodological heterogeneity among studies, results support a functional implication of five cortical regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex), integrated into a frontoparietal network, in various components of motor preparation ranging from attentional to motor aspects.

Biological and anatomical factors influencing interindividual variability to noninvasive brain stimulation of the primary motor cortex: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pellegrini ◽  
Maryam Zoghi ◽  
Shapour Jaberzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

AbstractNoninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) modifies corticospinal excitability (CSE) historically in a predictable manner dependent on stimulation parameters. Researchers, however, discuss high degrees of variability between individuals, either responding as expected or not responding as expected. The explanation for this interindividual variability remains unknown with suggested interplay between stimulation parameters and variations in biological, anatomical, and physiological factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of variation in inherent factors within an individual (biological and anatomical factors) on CSE in response to NIBS of the primary motor cortex. Twenty-two studies were included investigating genetic variation (n=7), age variation (n=4), gender variation (n=7), and anatomical variation (n=5). The results indicate that variation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotypes may have an effect on CSE after NIBS. Variation between younger and older adults also affects CSE after NIBS. Variation between age-matched males and females does not affect CSE after NIBS, but variation across the menstrual cycle does. Variation between skull thickness and brain tissue morphology influences the electric field magnitude that ultimately reaches the primary motor cortex. These findings indicate that biological and anatomical variations may in part account for interindividual variability in CSE in response to NIBS of the primary motor cortex, categorizing individuals as responding as expected (responders) or not responding as expected (nonresponders).

scholarly journals Noninvasive brain stimulation combined with exercise in chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412
Author(s):  
Alejandra Cardenas-Rojas ◽  
Kevin Pacheco-Barrios ◽  
Stefano Giannoni-Luza ◽  
Oscar Rivera-Torrejon ◽  
Felipe Fregni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

Contribution of the Premotor Cortex to Consolidation of Motor Sequence Learning in Humans During Sleep

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2603-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Michaela Jakoubkova ◽  
Nivethida Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Leonie Schmalfuss ◽  
Sandra Hullemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence

Motor learning and memory consolidation require the contribution of different cortices. For motor sequence learning, the primary motor cortex is involved primarily in its acquisition. Premotor areas might be important for consolidation. In accordance, modulation of cortical excitability via transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) during learning affects performance when applied to the primary motor cortex, but not premotor cortex. We aimed to explore whether premotor tDCS influences task performance during motor memory consolidation. The impact of excitability-enhancing, -diminishing, or placebo premotor tDCS during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep on recall in the serial reaction time task (SRTT) was explored in healthy humans. The motor task was learned in the evening. Recall was performed immediately after tDCS or the following morning. In two separate control experiments, excitability-enhancing premotor tDCS was performed 4 h after task learning during daytime or immediately before conduction of a simple reaction time task. Excitability-enhancing tDCS performed during REM sleep increased recall of the learned movement sequences, when tested immediately after stimulation. REM density was enhanced by excitability-increasing tDCS and reduced by inhibitory tDCS, but did not correlate with task performance. In the control experiments, tDCS did not improve performance. We conclude that the premotor cortex is involved in motor memory consolidation during REM sleep.

Noninvasive brain stimulation for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1336-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Vacas ◽  
Florindo Stella ◽  
Julia C. Loureiro ◽  
Frederico Simões do Couto ◽  
Albino J. Oliveira-Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms

scholarly journals The effects of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) supplementation on the cognitive performance of young healthy adults – a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Fanaras Konstantinos ◽  
Reinhard Heun
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Paullinia Cupana

AbstractObjectivesGuarana (Paullinia cupana) from the Sapindaceae family, native to the Amazon basin, is a natural stimulant herb that can be found in popular energy drinks, pharmaceutical shops or local herb shops. With the use of natural health products increasing, guarana has gained a fair amount of popularity in the past years. In this systematic review, we examined the effects of guarana supplementation on cognitive performance. A secondary objective was to compare guarana with caffeine on cognitive performance.MethodsSearches were made in PubMed using the terms ‘Guarana’ or ‘Paullinia cupana’. Filters focused on Controlled Clinical trials. Inclusion criteria were met by studies using interventions with guarana, while focusing on guarana’s effects on cognition. Participants needed to be young, healthy adults. Studies not published in English or Greek were excluded. The last date of our search was March 7, 2019.ResultsA total of 29 studies were identified and screened. After screening, 17 studies were excluded. The remaining 12 studies were found eligible for data extraction. After reading the full text of the 12 studies, 3 studies were excluded. In the end, 9 studies were found eligible for our systematic review (n = 369 participants). In these studies, guarana showed to improve reaction time and accuracy of performance at cognitive tasks. No significant differences were found when comparing guarana with caffeine.ConclusionGuarana seems to improve reaction time and accuracy of performance at tasks, but no significant effects were found when compared with caffeine. High quality randomized controlled clinical trials with a low risk of bias are needed to further study the herb.

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Improves Hemispatial Neglect After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula S. Salazar ◽  
Patrícia G. Vaz ◽  
Ritchele R. Marchese ◽  
Cinara Stein ◽  
Camila Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

scholarly journals Corticocortical Connections of the Rostral Forelimb Area in Rats: A Quantitative Tract-Tracing Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T Urban ◽  
Mariko Nishibe ◽  
Scott Barbay ◽  
David J Guggenmos ◽  
Randolph J Nudo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Corticocortical Connections ◽  
Cortical Connections ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Biotinylated Dextran

AbstractThe rostral forelimb area (RFA) in the rat is considered to be a premotor cortical region based primarily on its efferent projections to the primary motor cortex. The purpose of the present study was to identify corticocortical connections of RFA, and to describe the relative strength of connections with other cortical areas. This will allow us to better understand the broader cortical network in which RFA participates, and thus, determine its function in motor behavior. In the present study, the RFA of adult male Long-Evans rats (n=6) was identified using intracortical microstimulation techniques and injected with the tract tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). In post-mortem tissue, location of BDA-labeled terminal boutons and neuronal somata were plotted and superimposed on cortical field boundaries. The results demonstrated that the RFA has dense to moderate reciprocal connections with primary motor cortex, the frontal cortex medial and lateral to RFA, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and lateral somatosensory areas. Importantly, S1 connections were dense to moderate in dysgranular zones, but sparse to negligible in granular zones. Cortical connections of RFA in rat are strikingly similar to cortical connections of the ventral premotor cortex in non-human primates, suggesting that these areas share similar functions.

How different priming stimulations affect the corticospinal excitability induced by noninvasive brain stimulation techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hassanzahraee ◽  
Maryam Zoghi ◽  
Shapour Jaberzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

Abstract Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques could induce changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and neuroplasticity. These changes could be affected by different factors, including having a session of stimulation called the ‘priming’ protocol before the main stimulation session called the ‘test’ protocol. Literature indicates that a priming protocol could affect the activity of postsynaptic neurons, form a neuronal history, and then modify the expected effects of the test protocol on CSE indicated by the amplitude of transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. This prior history affects a threshold to activate the necessary mechanism stabilizing the neuronal activity within a useful dynamic range. For studying the effects of this history and related metaplasticity mechanisms in the human primary motor cortex (M1), priming-test protocols are successfully employed. Thirty-two studies were included in this review to investigate how different priming protocols could affect the induced effects of a test protocol on CSE in healthy individuals. The results showed that if the history of synaptic activity were high or low enough to displace the threshold, the expected effects of the test protocol would be the reverse. This effect reversal is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. On the contrary, the effects of the test protocol would not be the reverse, and at most we experience a prolongation of the lasting effects if the aforementioned history is not enough to displace the threshold. This effect prolongation is mediated by nonhomeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, based on the characteristics of priming-test protocols and the interval between them, the expected results of priming-test protocols would be different. Moreover, these findings could shed light on the different mechanisms of metaplasticity involved in NIBS. It helps us understand how we can improve the expected outcomes of these techniques in clinical approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document