scholarly journals Lime-Stabilized Black Cotton Soil and Brick Powder Mixture as Subbase Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Srikanth Reddy ◽  
A. C. S. V. Prasad ◽  
N. Vamsi Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Flexible Pavements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Shrinkage And Swelling

Various researchers, for the past few decades, had tried to stabilize black cotton soil using lime for improving its shrinkage and swelling characteristics. But these days, the cost of lime has increased resulting in increase in need for alternative and cost effective waste materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash. Brick powder, one among the alternative materials, is a fine powdered waste that contains higher proportions of silica and is found near brick kilns in rural areas. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of lime-stabilized black cotton soil and brick powder mixture as subbase material in flexible pavements. Black cotton soil procured from the local area, tested for suitability as subbase material, turned out to be unsuitable as it resulted in very less CBR value. Even lime stabilization of black cotton soil under study has not showed up the required CBR value specified for the subbase material of flexible pavement by MORTH. Hence the lime-stabilized black cotton soil is proportioned with brick powder to obtain optimum mixture that yields a better CBR value. The mixture of 20% brick powder and 80% lime-stabilized black cotton soil under study resulted in increase in the CBR value by about 135% in comparison with lime-stabilized black cotton soil. Thus it is promising to use the mixture of brick powder and lime-stabilized black cotton soil as subbase material in flexible pavements.

Features of support of agriculture (the case of the Tyumen Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-48
Author(s):  
Aleksandra G. Balakhnina ◽  
Gulnara F. Romashkina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Support ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Programs

This article systematizes the legal framework, forms, and volumes of support for agriculture from the federal budget of Russia and the regional budget (on the example of the Tyumen Region). The authors have performed a detailed analysis of the directions of such support for 2016-2019. The historical, economic and social features of the relationship between the state and agriculture are shown. State support for agriculture is objectively necessary, and competent budget planning makes it possible to develop. However, the dominance of direct forms of spending support does not stimulate cost-effective and innovative activities, which in the future can bring the industry to a competitive level. There is very little and irregular support for social forms, the development of farming and other forms of private farming in rural areas. The authors conclude that the policy of state support is sufficiently provided by legislative acts, resolutions and state programs. Many programs are updated, and new versions are adopted even before the previous ones expire. Such strong volatility hurts strategic projects and agricultural initiatives. Less expensive forms of activity-mediation and trade turn profitable. Living conditions in the villages significantly stay behind in quality and opportunities, which leads to the human capital leaving rural areas. The authors propose to pay more attention to the development of indirect forms of support, to stimulate economic activity and small businesses.

scholarly journals Hydraulic and Swell–Shrink Characteristics of Clay and Recycled Zeolite Mixtures for Liner Construction in Sustainable Waste Landfill

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7301
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Widomski ◽  
Anna Musz-Pomorska ◽  
Wojciech Franus
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Clay Liner ◽  
Compacted Clay Liner ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Shrinkage And Swelling

This paper presents research considering hydraulic as well as swelling and shrinkage characteristics of potential recycled fine particle materials for compacted clay liner for sustainable landfills. Five locally available clay soils mixed with 10% (by mass) of NaP1 recycled zeolite were tested. The performed analysis was based on determined plasticity, cation exchange capacity, coefficient of saturated hydraulic conductivity after compaction, several shrinkage and swelling characteristics as well as, finally, saturated hydraulic conductivity after three cycles of drying and rewetting of tested specimens and the reference samples. The obtained results showed that addition of zeolite to clay soils allowed reduction in their saturated hydraulic conductivity to meet the required threshold (≤1 × 10−9 m/s) of sealing capabilities for compacted clay liner. On the other hand, an increase in plasticity, swelling, and in several cases in shrinkage, of the clay–zeolite mixture was observed. Finally, none of the tested mixtures was able to sustain its sealing capabilities after three cycles of drying and rewetting. Thus, the studied clayey soils mixed with sustainable recycled zeolite were assessed as promising materials for compacted liner construction. However, the liner should be operated carefully to avoid extensive dissication and cracking.

scholarly journals A Pioneering Tactic for Sustainable Waste Management: Design of a Cost-Effective Recycling Machine

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
A. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
General Public ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Project Study ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Assembly Operations

In this paper we discussed the new design, fabrication and testing of a mechanical can crusher taking into deliberation the force analysis and ergonomic factors that will enable people to use this mechanical can crusher especially in Botswana rural areas. The process of crushing cans is of vital importance as it saves a percentage of space for can disposal and also makes it easier for these cans to be transported to recycling centers or landfill areas. The methods and processes used to bring this project to life include welding, cutting, bending, drilling and assembly operations. This project study is mainly about generating a new concept of a mechanical can crusher that is compact to transport from one location to another and makes can crushing easy and fascinating to the general public so as to promote people buy into crushing in Sub-Sahara market. Even though there are numerous sorts of the mechanical would crusher be able to as of now in presence, this model provides a more practical usage than previous one with the desired mechanical advantage of 10, machinability to crush the entire cans to 25% of their original size and 100% efficiency for the entire rounds.

Living on the Periphery of Youth

Young ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1S-17S ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Ulrik Sørensen ◽  
Mette Pless
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

Drawing on theoretical perspectives regarding the importance of place and belonging to a place in understanding young people’s lives as well as broader processes of social change and continuity, this article explores conceptions of youth as experienced—and narrated—by young people living in rural areas. The article analyzes how discourses on urbanism and youth can be traced in young people’s narratives about their communities and their own lives as young people; how these discourses seem to frame the young people’s narratives and how they rearticulate these discourses through their accounts (Davies, 2000). In the article, we thus also focus attention on the cracks and opposing discourses that can be identified in the young people’s narratives, and how they influence their relationship with their local area.

A community-based approach to evaluation of health outcomes and costs for telepsychiatry in a rural population: Preliminary results

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Kennedy ◽  
Peter Yellowlees
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The People

A pilot trial was established to support visiting psychiatric services and local public and private practitioners through the use of videoconferencing. The purpose of the trial was to determine whether people in the community received better health-care with telemedicine. A community-based approach was used to evaluate health outcomes, costs, utilization, accessibility, quality and needs for such services in a rural community in Queensland. Over a two-year period data were collected from 124 subjects who met the criteria of having a mental health problem or mental disorder. Nine further subjects refused to participate in the study. Only 32 subjects used videoconferencing to receive mental health services. Preliminary results did not show any significant improvements in wellbeing or quality of life, although the time span was relatively short. However, the results confirmed that the people were no worse off from a consumer or a practitioner perspective from using videoconferencing. Most consumers found that videoconferencing with a psychiatrist moderately or greatly helped them in managing their treatment, with 98% of them preferring to be offered videoconferencing in combination with local services. Overall, videoconferencing is a crucial part of enhancing psychiatry services in rural areas. However, it is not necessarily cost-effective for all consumers, general practitioners, psychiatrists, or the public mental health service.

Autocorrelation Phase Measurement of Spread Spectrum Signal for High Precision Indoor Microwave Positioning

2015 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Wen Yang Cai ◽  
Gao Yong Luo
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for high precision indoor positioning in many public services has urged research to implement cost-effective systems for a rising number of applications. However, current systems with either short-range positioning technology based on wireless local area networks (WLAN) and ZigBee achieving meter-level accuracy, or ultra-wide band (UWB) and 60 GHz communication technology achieving high precision but with high cost required, could not meet the need of indoor wireless positioning. This paper presents a new method of high precision indoor positioning by autocorrelation phase measurement of spread spectrum signal utilizing carrier frequency lower than 1 GHz, thereby decreasing power emission and hardware cost. The phase measurement is more sensitive to the distance of microwave transmission than timing, thus achieving higher positioning accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed positioning method can achieve high precision of less than 1 centimeter decreasing when various noise and interference added.

scholarly journals Estimation of Building Heights and DEM Accuracy Assessment Using ICESat-2 Data Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Goddu Pavan Sai Goud ◽  
Ashutosh Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Surface Geometry

The use of remote sensing for urban monitoring is a very reliable and cost-effective method for studying urban expansion in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The advantage of multi-temporal spatial data and high data accuracy is useful in mapping urban vertical aspects like the compactness of urban areas, population expansion, and urban surface geometry. This study makes use of the ‘Ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite-2′ (ICESat-2) ATL 03 photon data for building height estimation using a sample of 30 buildings in three experimental sites. A comparison of computed heights with the heights of the respective buildings from google image and google earth pro was done to assess the accuracy and the result of 2.04 m RMSE was obtained. Another popularly used method by planners and policymakers to map the vertical dimension of urban terrain is the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). An assessment of the openly available DEM products—TanDEM-X and Cartosat-1 has been done over Urban and Rural areas. TanDEM-X is a German earth observation satellite that uses InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technique to acquire DEM while Cartosat-1 is an optical stereo acquisition satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) that uses photogrammetric techniques for DEM acquisition. Both the DEMs have been compared with ICESat-2 (ATL-08) Elevation data as the reference and the accuracy has been evaluated using Mean error (ME), Mean absolute error (MAE) and Root mean square error (RMSE). In the case of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), RMSE values 5.29 m and 7.48 m were noted for TanDEM-X 90 and CartoDEM V3 R1 respectively. While the second site of Bellampalli Mandal rural area observed 5.15 and 5.48 RMSE values for the same respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that TanDEM-X has better accuracy as compared to the CartoDEM V3 R1.

scholarly journals Testing a community-based distribution approach to reproductive health service delivery in Senegal (a study of community agents in Kébémer)

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Integrated Cost

The Division of Reproductive Health (DSR) of the Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, in partnership with the Population Council’s FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health program and Management Sciences for Health (MSH), conducted a study to test and compare three ways of providing reproductive health services to rural communities in the Kébémer district of Senegal in terms of their effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness. FRONTIERS and MSH collaborated with the DSR to design the interventions, MSH supported the DSR in implementing the interventions, and FRONTIERS undertook the evaluation. This study, funded by USAID, responded to the recommendations of a 1999 workshop, organized by FRONTIERS and the DSR, on the community-based distribution (CBD) approach, which defined alternative CBD models appropriate for Senegal. The DSR sees the development of community-based service delivery models as essential for the future of health care in Senegal. As noted in this report, the general objective of the study was to contribute to the development of an integrated cost-effective program to increase the accessibility and availability of reproductive health information and services in rural areas of Senegal.

scholarly journals A Survey of Traditional and Customized Bus Transportation Planning Methodologies

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Bus Service

Transportation planning is an area of public policy that is increasingly recognized for having a significant impact on human health and well-being. Passengers all across the world are choosing bus transit as one of the most cost-effective ways of transportation. The number of passengers who use this mode of transportation is steadily increasing. According to statistics, the bus was India's most popular mode of transportation in 2014. A bus was viewed as a mode of transportation by 66 percent of families in rural areas and 62 percent of households in urban areas. With increased demand, there is a concern about efficiently organizing this service. Because a lack of planning can generate major problems in the real world, such as traffic jams and high operating expenses, it is a source of concern for corporate and government entities who provide this service. In this paper, a review on various bus transit planning approaches and stages and methodologies used in each stage of the customized bus planning strategy is presented. This study will assist bus service organizing entities, whether private or public, in efficiently organizing bus service

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS IN SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Late Stages

This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating Dairy Cow of Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm (BAUDF) and rural areas of Tangail sadar upazila of Bangladesh during the period of July 2009 to April 2010. A total of 200 milk samples (40 from BAUDF and 160 from Tangail sadar upazila) were collected for this study which were subjected to physical examination and subsequently screened for subclinical mastitis using three indirect tests viz. White Side Test (WST), California Mastitis Test (CMT), and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating dairy cows found in this study was 29%. Cows were infected with SCM 29.5%, 27.5% and 25.5% detection by CMT, WST and SFMT respectively. Higher prevalence of SCM was detected in milch crossbred cows (36.36%) in comparison to local bred cows (24.61%) maintained under extensive management system in Rural area of Tangail sadar upazila. The prevalence of SCM was recorded in 31.58%, 30.76% and 68.75% in cows of local area of Tangail sadar upazila, and 25.0%, 40.0% and 71.42% in cows of BAU,DF during the early, mid and late stages of lactation respectively. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded during the early lactation stage in both the local breed cows (30.0%) and cows of BAUDF (45.83%) in comparison to their respective mid and late stages of lactation. The prevalence of SCM was highest in lactating cows having third lactation and high yielding (cows produced >10 liter milk per day) both in local breed and crossbred cows.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11216 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 73-78 

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