scholarly journals Noncoding RNA Transcripts during Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Hepatocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Skrzypczyk ◽  
Stephanie Kehr ◽  
Ilona Krystel ◽  
Stephan H. Bernhart ◽  
Shibashish Giri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Hepatic Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Recent advances in the stem cell field allow to obtain many human tissues in vitro. However, hepatic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) still remains challenging. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) obtained after differentiation resemble more fetal liver hepatocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in the differentiation process. Here, we analysed noncoding RNA profiles from the last stages of differentiation and compare them to hepatocytes. Our results show that HLCs maintain an epithelial character and express miRNA which can block hepatocyte maturation by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, we identified differentially expressed small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and discovered novel noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes.

scholarly journals Hepatic Differentiation of Murine Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Allows Disease ModellingIn Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Eggenschwiler ◽  
Komal Loya ◽  
Malte Sgodda ◽  
Francoise André ◽  
Tobias Cantz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Hepatic Differentiation ◽  
Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Disease Specific

Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent cells by retrovirus-mediated expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC is a promising approach to derive disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this study, we focused on three murine models for metabolic liver disorders: the copper storage disorder Wilson's disease (toxic-milk mice), tyrosinemia type 1 (fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase deficiency, FAH−/−mice), and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ mice). Colonies of iPSCs emerged 2-3 weeks after transduction of fibroblasts, prepared from each mouse strain, and were maintained as individual iPSC lines. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated the expression of endogenous pluripotency markers. Hepatic precursor cells could be derived from these disease-specific iPSCs applying anin vitrodifferentiation protocol and could be visualized after transduction of a lentiviral albumin-GFP reporter construct. Functional characterization of these cells allowed the recapitulation of the disease phenotype for further studies of underlying molecular mechanisms of the respective disease.

188 PLURIPOTENCY OF PORCINE EMBRYONIC AND INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS RELATED WITH THE EXPRESSIONS OF EPITHELIAL–MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND APOPTOTIC MARKERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Y.-S. Kim ◽  
B.-R. Yi ◽  
S.-H. Hyun ◽  
C.-K. Lee ◽  
K.-C. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Transgenic Pig ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

In transgenic pig production for generating animal models of human diseases, apoptosis of an early implantation embryo disturbs the transgenic pig production. Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESC) and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) have an advantage for the generation of transgenic pigs; however, porcine stem cells have not yet been established. In addition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a critical role in embryo development and apoptosis. Thus, in this study we generated pESC and pIPSC and further examined the changes in EMT and apoptotic markers. We cultured pESC and piPSC in pESC media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), doxicyclin, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and performed RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase (AP) test to measure pluripotency markers. The RT-PCR results show that OCT-4, NANOG, and SOX2 were expressed in these stem cells, characteristic of stem cells. AP-positive cells were observed in pESCs and piPSC. In addition, we performed immunocytochemistry (ICC) to examine the expression of surface markers, such as SSEA-1 and SSEA-4. We found that pESC and piPSC expressed these markers, indicating that they have a stem cell property similar to rodent and human stem cells. Second, we treated pESC and piPSC with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to examine the relationship between EMT and apoptotic markers, and confirmed a significant variation of EMT and apoptotic markers, i.e. bcl-2, bax, E-cadherin, and vimentin, by Western blot analysis. In a future study, we will examine the effect(s) of various endocrine hormones secreted by the ovary, such as E2 or P4, on the expressions of EMT and apoptotic markers in pESC and piPSC. Consequently, this study will contribute to elucidate underlying mechanism(s) of EMT and apoptosis by endocrine factors to prevent early apoptosis of pig embryos in these porcine stem cells. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ009599), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Hepatic differentiation of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajagopal N. Aravalli ◽  
Erik N.K. Cressman ◽  
Clifford J. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Hepatic Differentiation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Utilising Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Disease Research: Focus on Glia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4334
Author(s):  
Katrina Albert ◽  
Jonna Niskanen ◽  
Sara Kälvälä ◽  
Šárka Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a self-renewable pool of cells derived from an organism’s somatic cells. These can then be programmed to other cell types, including neurons. Use of iPSCs in research has been two-fold as they have been used for human disease modelling as well as for the possibility to generate new therapies. Particularly in complex human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, iPSCs can give advantages over traditional animal models in that they more accurately represent the human genome. Additionally, patient-derived cells can be modified using gene editing technology and further transplanted to the brain. Glial cells have recently become important avenues of research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review focuses on using glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) derived from human iPSCs in order to give a better understanding of how these cells contribute to neurodegenerative disease pathology. Using glia iPSCs in in vitro cell culture, cerebral organoids, and intracranial transplantation may give us future insight into both more accurate models and disease-modifying therapies.

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