scholarly journals Validity of Mental Workload Measures in a Driving Simulation Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galante ◽  
Fabrizio Bracco ◽  
Carlo Chiorri ◽  
Luigi Pariota ◽  
Luigi Biggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
On The Road

Automated in-vehicle systems and related human-machine interfaces can contribute to alleviating the workload of drivers. However, each new functionality can also introduce a new source of workload, due to the need to attend to new tasks and thus requires careful testing before being implemented in vehicles. Driving simulators have become a viable alternative to on-the-road tests, since they allow optimal experimental control and high safety. However, for each driving simulator to be a useful research tool, for each specific task an adequate correspondence must be established between the behavior in the simulator and the behavior on the road, namely, the simulator absolute and relative validity. In this study we investigated the validity of a driving-simulator-based experimental environment for research on mental workload measures by comparing behavioral and subjective measures of workload of the same large group of participants in a simulated and on-road driving task on the same route. Consistent with previous studies, mixed support was found for both types of validity, although results suggest that allowing more and/or longer familiarization sessions with the simulator may be needed to increase its validity. Simulator sickness also emerged as a critical issue for the generalizability of the results.

Pink Elephants on the Road: Visual Illusions and Distortions when Driving during Significant Sleep Deprivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364
Author(s):  
Curtis M. Craig ◽  
Nichole L. Morris ◽  
Katelyn R. Schwieters ◽  
Conrad Iber
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Study Participants

Visual hallucinations, illusions, and distortions have been observed in individuals undergoing severe periods of extended wakefulness. However, the incidence of these perceptual phenomena occurring during applied domains such as driving have been underreported. This study investigates effects of a 30-hour period of extended wakefulness during which participants abstained from stimulants and were not allowed to sleep or nap. Participants drove every 4 hours during this period on an uneventful 30-minute driving route in a fullcab high fidelity driving simulator. At the end of the study, participants reported whether they experienced significant visual illusions or distortions, and when the events occurred. Participants reported visual distortions and illusions during drives comprising a time period between 22 and 30 hours awake. Furthermore, self-reported mental workload and extroversion predicted the likelihood of experiencing the visual phenomena. Potential mechanisms for this relationship and possible consequences for safe driving performance during significant sleep deprivation are discussed.

Advance Information on the Road: A Simulator Study of the Effect of Road Markings

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Witt ◽  
Carl G. Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
The Road ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Advance Information ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Accident Statistics

Accident statistics and studies of driving behavior have shown repeatedly that curved roads are hazardous. It was hypothesized that the safety of curves could be improved by indicating in advance the course of the road in a more effective way than do traditional road signs. A code of sequences of stripes put on right edge of the pavement was developed to indicate to the driver the radius of the curve ahead. The main characteristic of this code was the frequency of transitions from code elements to gaps between elements. The effect of these markings was investigated on a driving simulator. Twelve subjects drove on simulated roads of different curvature and with different placement of the code in the approach zone. Some positive effects of the advance information could be observed. The subjects drove more steadily, more precisely, and with a more suitable speed profile.

Good Intentions? Willingness to Engage with Technology on the Road and in a Driving Simulator

2018 ◽  
pp. 147-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Parnell ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Katherine L. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Willingness To Engage

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics and Nonparametric Test for Master-Slave Driving Task’s Mental Workload Evaluation in Mountain Area Highway at Night

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haiwei Wang ◽  
Jianrong Liu ◽  
Feng You
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Driving Task

With the rapid development of advanced mobile intelligent terminals, driving tasks are diverse, and new traffic safety problems occur. We propose a new research on physiological characteristics and nonparametric tests for the master-slave driving task, especially for evaluation of drivers’ mental workload in mountain area highway in nighttime scenario. First, we establish the experimental platform based driving simulator and design the master-slave driving task. Second, based on the physiological data and subjective evaluation for mental workload, we use statistical methods to composite the physical changes evolution analysis in a driving simulator. Finally, we finished nonparametric test of the drivers’ psychological load and road test. The results show that in compassion with the daytime scenario, drivers should pay much effort to driving skills and risk identification in the nighttime scenario. Thus, in the same driving condition, drivers should bear the higher level of mental workload, and it has been subjected to even greater pressures and intensity of emotions.

Analysis of Preference for Autonomous Driving Under Different Traffic Conditions Using a Driving Simulator

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udara Eshan Manawadu ◽  
◽  
Masaaki Ishikawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kamezaki ◽  
Shigeki Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
New Type ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Near Future

<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270006/08.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Driving simulator</div>Intelligent passenger vehicles with autonomous capabilities will be commonplace on our roads in the near future. These vehicles will reshape the existing relationship between the driver and vehicle. Therefore, to create a new type of rewarding relationship, it is important to analyze when drivers prefer autonomous vehicles to manually-driven (conventional) vehicles. This paper documents a driving simulator-based study conducted to identify the preferences and individual driving experiences of novice and experienced drivers of autonomous and conventional vehicles under different traffic and road conditions. We first developed a simplified driving simulator that could connect to different driver-vehicle interfaces (DVI). We then created virtual environments consisting of scenarios and events that drivers encounter in real-world driving, and we implemented fully autonomous driving. We then conducted experiments to clarify how the autonomous driving experience differed for the two groups. The results showed that experienced drivers opt for conventional driving overall, mainly due to the flexibility and driving pleasure it offers, while novices tend to prefer autonomous driving due to its inherent ease and safety. A further analysis indicated that drivers preferred to use both autonomous and conventional driving methods interchangeably, depending on the road and traffic conditions.

Comparison of Five Mental Workload Assessment Procedures in a Moving-Base Driving Simulator

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Hicks ◽  
Walter W. Wierwille
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Lateral Deviation ◽  
Subjective Opinion ◽  
Driving Task

Five methods of measuring mental workload (secondary task performance, visual occlusion, cardiac arrhythmia, subjective opinion rating scales, and primary task performance) were compared for sensitivity to changes in operator loading. Each was used to differentiate among low, medium, and high levels of workload defined in terms of the application point of crosswind gusts in a driving task. The driving task was produced using an automobile driving simulator with a six-degree of freedom computer generated display, a four-degree of freedom physical motion system, and a four-channel sound system. Techniques of mental workload measurement that have shown promise in previous studies were used as a between-subjects factor, and subjects were presented with a within-subject factor of wind gust placement. Gusts at the front of the vehicle represented high workload levels, and gusts toward the center of the vehicle represented progressively lower levels of workload. The results showed significant differences among workload levels for subjective opinion scales and primary performance measures of lateral deviation, yaw deviation, and steering reversals. A relative sensitivity estimate of these would be, from highest to lowest sensitivity, steering reversals and yaw deviation, rating scales, and lateral deviation. The techniques of occlusion, cardiac arrhythmia, and secondary task performance yielded no significant workload effect.

scholarly journals Good intentions: drivers’ decisions to engage with technology on the road and in a driving simulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Parnell ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Katherine L. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Interoperability on the Road to Enhance Government-to-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Giorgos Laskaridis ◽  
Penelope Markellou ◽  
Angeliki Panayiotaki ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way

This chapter is initiated by the continuously growing governments’ effort to transform their traditional profile to a digital one, worldwide, by adopting e-government models using the ICT and the Web. The chapter deals with interoperability, which appears as the mean for accomplishing the interlinking of information, systems, and applications, not only within governments, but also in their interaction with citizens, enterprises, and public sectors. The chapter highlights the critical issue of interoperability, investigating the way it can be incorporated into e-government domain in order to provide efficient and effective e-services. It also describes the issues, tasks, and steps that are connected with interoperability in the enterprise environment, introducing and analysing a generic interoperability platform (CCIGOV platform). Finally, it illustrates future trends in the field and, thus, suggests directions of future work/research.

Development of Hi-Fidelity Driving Simulator for Measuring Driving Behavior

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoyuki Akamatsu ◽  
◽  
Masayuki Okuwa ◽  
Masaaki Onuki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle

A hi-fidelity driving simulator has been developed to measure driving behavior. Since the driver is an important component of Intelligent System (i.e., human factor), it is necessary to measure and investigate the driving behavior either with ITS or without ITS. As the driving behavior is situation dependent behavior, there is a great advantage from using the driving simulator because various situational (e.g., traffic situation) and environmental factors can be controlled. The driving simulator is composed of a 290 degree screen and a hexapod motion platform with a fully instrumented vehicle cabin. The road environment for the simulator was a town area with a complex road network and various buildings. The traffic control system can control a traffic scenario with 81 vehicles and 72 pedestrians. Since simulator sickness was one of main concerns of using the hi-fidelity driving simulator, we developed the Simplified Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSSQ) to evaluate the subjective severity of simulator sickness. The SSSQ consisted of three subscores for nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation symptoms. A preliminary experiment was conducted to investigate the change in severity of the sickness and the mental workload using SSSQ and NASA-TLX when simulator driving was repeated twelve times. We found that the severity of simulator sickness and the workload decreased with repeated simulator drives. When focusing on the change among three simulator drives within one day, the Nausea subscore decreased but the Oculomotor subscore increased.

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