scholarly journals A Model for the Evaluation of Brazilian Road Transport: A Sustainable Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Gonçalves de Carvalho Wolff ◽  
Marco Antonio Farah Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Environmental Concepts ◽  
Made In

Freight transportation in Brazil is heavily based on the road mode bringing heavy dependence of this mode to the country and some consequences such as high operating costs and high air emissions. For these reasons, it was considered the necessity of evaluating new investments made in this mode from a sustainable perspective, taking into account not only economic but also social and environmental concepts. Towards this purpose, the study develops an evaluation model of road transport infrastructure, the TIM, which will help decision making in situations of choice between different alternatives of road projects. The model includes ten variables that count from the initial investment in the road to air emissions of carbon dioxide. All are monetarized individually and then consolidated into a single equation. The result of applying the model is innovative when considering the three spheres of sustainability to evaluate future road transport projects and rank them.

scholarly journals A stress-strain state analysis of the road transport works foundations on seasonally freezing soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Permikin ◽  
Igor Ovchinnikov ◽  
Anastasiya Gricuk
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Frost Boil

This article discusses the road transport works foundations when they are located in the seasonally freezing soils zone. Some culvert aqueduct utilized structures were considered and analyzed as an example, in the scope of most common structures on the road network and that also has an insignificant weight. Some constructive solutions disadvantages of these pipes were pointed out. It is noted that the operational characteristics of nonfrost-susceptible soil decrease in the watercourse filtering process and settling small particles and reported the dependence of the relative soil frost boil on the fine aggregate percentage. As an example of the frost boil forces influence, a typical culvert aqueduct design is considered. The calculation of axial and tangential heaving forces that affect the crown of tube is performed, assuming that the bedding soil is contaminated. Based on the calculation, rise calculated value dependence graphs of the unstressed base on the soil dampness and the heaving soil thickness, and the heaving pressure on the soil dampness are presented here. Due to the insufficient value of the forces holding back against lifting, possible negative consequences of the frost boil impact forces are presented, this affects not only the culvert aqueduct operational characteristics but also the roadbed smoothness and traffic safety. Thus, the need for additional measures to prevent soil swelling under the pipe head is justified. Recommended measures to prevent excessive deformations during frost boil, as well as modern aspects of the development of such technologies, are considered. Conclusions are made about their applicability and feasibility in relation to small artificial structures of transport infrastructure.

Social Progress in Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elizabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Free Market Reforms ◽  
Made In

Social Progress in Britain examines how much progress has made in the years since Sir William Beveridge described the ‘five giants on the road to reconstruction’—the giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. The book has chapters examining the progress which Britain has made in improving material prosperity and tackling poverty; in extending length of life and tackling disease; in raising participation in education and improving educational standards; in tackling the scourge of unemployment, especially youth unemployment; and in providing better-quality housing and tackling overcrowding. In addition to Beveridge’s five giants, the book also explores inequalities of opportunity (focussing on inequalities between social classes, men and women, and ethnic groups), and the changing nature of social divisions and social cohesion in Britain. Throughout, the chapters put British progress into perspective by drawing comparisons with progress made in other large developed democracies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the USA. As well as looking at the average level of prosperity, life expectancy, education, and housing, the book examines the extent of inequality around the average and pays particular attention to whether the most disadvantaged sections of society have shared in progress or have fallen behind. It concludes with an assessment of the effect of policy interventions such as Margaret Thatcher’s free market reforms of the 1980s on different aspects of social progress.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Model with Which to Safely Optimize the Configuration of Hydraulic Suspension of Modular Trailers in Special Road Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Rubén Escribano-García ◽  
Marina Corral-Bobadilla ◽  
Fátima Somovilla-Gómez ◽  
Rubén Lostado-Lorza ◽  
Ash Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
On The Road

The dimensions and weight of machines, structures, and components that need to be transported safely by road are growing constantly. One of the safest and most widely used transport systems on the road today due to their versatility and configuration are modular trailers. These trailers have hydraulic pendulum axles that are that are attached in pairs to the rigid platform above. In turn, these modular trailers are subject to limitations on the load that each axle carries, the tipping angle, and the oil pressure of the suspension system in order to guarantee safe transport by road. Optimizing the configuration of these modular trailers accurately and safely is a complex task. Factors to be considered include the load’s characteristics, the trailer’s mechanical properties, and road route conditions including the road’s slope and camber, precipitation and direction, and force of the wind. This paper presents a theoretical model that can be used for the optimal configuration of hydraulic cylinder suspension of special transport by road using modular trailers. It considers the previously mentioned factors and guarantees the safe stability of road transport. The proposed model was validated experimentally by placing a nacelle wind turbine at different points within a modular trailer. The weight of the wind turbine was 42,500 kg and its dimensions were 5133 × 2650 × 2975 mm. Once the proposed model was validated, an optimization algorithm was employed to find the optimal center of gravity for load, number of trailers, number of axles, oil pressures, and hydraulic configuration. The optimization algorithm was based on the iterative and automatic testing of the proposed model for different positions on the trailer and different hydraulic configurations. The optimization algorithm was tested with a cylindrical tank that weighed 108,500 kg and had dimensions of 19,500 × 3200 × 2500 mm. The results showed that the proposed model and optimization algorithm could safely optimize the configuration of the hydraulic suspension of modular trailers in special road transport, increase the accuracy and reliability of the calculation of the load configuration, save time, simplify the calculation process, and be easily implemented.

Mitigation of road traffic crash hazard in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-585
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masood Rafi ◽  
Ashar Hashmat Lodi ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

Purpose – Road traffic crashes (RTCs) result in creating significant social and economic hazard for affectees, their families and society. The purpose of this paper is to present studies which were conducted to study the patterns of RTCs in Karachi which is a metropolitan city of Pakistan. The studies were conducted on one of the busiest roads in the city named as Shara-e-Faisal. The influence and contribution of different factors in RTCs has been studied and hazardous road sections of Shara-e-Faisal have been identified. Based on the data analysis, an evaluation model has been suggested to reduce the hazard of RTCs on Shara-e-Faisal. The objective of the presented studies is to increase the present level of safety of road travel by reducing crashes on Shara-e-Faisal. Design/methodology/approach – Existing data of RTCs in Karachi have been analysed for the presented studies. For this purpose, Shara-e-Faisal was divided in sections of 1 km length to study the vehicle crash pattern. Location surveys were conducted to record physical conditions of this road. A cluster analysis was carried out to identify hazardous sections of the road. An evaluation model has been suggested in the end to reduce the hazard of RTCs by identifying hazardous road sections of Shara-e-Faisal. Findings – The analysis of the data revealed that the crashes were higher over weekend and on Monday. Male population, particularly young people, and motorcycle riders were the largest affectees of RTCs. In general, more daytime crashes were recorded as compared to nighttime crashes. The crashes in the mid block of the road and those involving rear-end collisions were higher. The hazardous road locations were related to poor road conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that alternate routes were required to reduce the RTC hazard on Shara-e-Faisal. Research limitations/implications – The paper is a small, but an original, contribution to identify a potential hazard which is faced by the community in the city. This is the first attempt (to the best of authors’ knowledge) to address the issue of RTCs in Karachi from an engineering view point. Practical implications – The suggested model can be employed by the authorities as a guideline to mitigate the hazard of road crashes in the country. Originality/value – The paper provides valuable information on the road traffic incidents, their pattern and contributing factors in one of the largest metropolis of Pakistan. The suggested model can become helpful in reducing RTCs in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Measures to optimize traffic and the environment. Calculations of environmental safety on a given section of the Rostov-on-Don road network

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
R. S. Durov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Varnakova ◽  
K. O. Kobzev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
On The Road ◽  
State Of The Environment

Introduction. One of the most pressing socio-economic problems is the state of the environment, which affects the living conditions of many people. The article deals with the problem areas of the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don. Problem Statement. The purpose of this paper is to improve environmental safety at the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don by reducing emissions from road transport through the proposed measures to reorganize traffic on this section of the road network. Theoretical Part. The article provides an assessment of environmental and road safety on the road network section before applying the proposed measures. The measures are listed and justified that would help improve the conditions for road transport at the selected intersection and reduce emissions from road transport, which would improve environmental safety. The calculation of environmental indicators was made after the proposed measures to reduce NOx emissions by cars. Conclusion. The article analyzes the environmental indicators before and after the events, and then compares them. Based on the analysis and calculations, it is determined how much the proposed measures to optimize traffic will help reduce NOx emissions by cars.

scholarly journals Problems of transporting heavy containers by road transport in Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Boris Sergeevich Petrov ◽  
Alexander Valentinovich Galin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Maximum Mass ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
Freight Vehicles

The article considers the problem of heavy cargo transporting as an integral part of functioning of industry in the country. The transportation of such types of cargo is regulated by the legislation related to the national transport infrastructure. There have been considered the ways of transporting heavy sea containers by road transport in the Russian Federation. Definitions of the divisible and indivisible cargo, the maximum mass of the road train have been given, the indicators of the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle and the axle load on the roads of Russia, approved by legislative acts of the Russian Federation, have been presented. The issues of the correct choice of freight vehicles and compliance with the rules for transportation of heavy cargo, in particular compliance with the permissible total weight and axle loads, have been considered. There has been proposed the method for calculating axle loads and the solution to the problem of redistributing axle loads by moving the seat of the towing vehicle, transporting a heavy sea container by train being used as the example. The obtained values make it possible to estimate the possibility of carrying heavy cargo without violating standards approved by the legislation of Russia

scholarly journals The Prediction of Stakeholder participation in Project Execution on Completion of Urban Roads Transport Infrastructure Projects in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Johnson Matu ◽  
Dorothy Ndunge Kyalo ◽  
John Mbugua ◽  
Angeline Sabina Mulwa
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Road Projects

This paper examines the influence of stakeholder participation in project execution on completion of road projects implemented by Kenya Urban Roads Authority. Descriptive research survey design was used for collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis was performed using correlation and regression analysis. The results were r = 0.796, R2 = 0.634, F (4, 209) = 90.503 and p<0.000<0.05. The findings revealed that stakeholder participation in project execution showed a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship with completion of urban road transport infrastructure projects and accounted for 63.4% of total variation in such projects. The study recommends government agencies should endeavour should work together during project implementation to ensure that service lines and acquisition of land is done ahead of time to avoid delay in completion. This will aim at ensuring quality work is achieved by both the client and the consultant through a collaborative stakeholder engagement. In conclusion, the findings of this study will shape the future of road construction and stakeholder engagement in road construction projects.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN DATA AIS-IRSMS UNTUK PREDIKSI KECELAKAAN MELIBATKAN SEPEDA MOTOR PADA RUAS JALAN DI KOTA SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainul Arifin ◽  
Imma Widyawati Agustin ◽  
Sonya Sulistyono
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Accident Estimation

Accidents of involving motorcycles in Surabaya tend to increase. Recorded from 2014 to 2016 were reached 721, 929 and 1,325 accidents. This phenomenon is certainly not beneficial for the community and road transport policy makers. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of motorcycle riders and accidents of involving motorcycles. This research further develops estimation of accident prediction involving motorcycle in Surabaya City. Accident data compiled from AIS-IRSMS to know the characteristics of users and accidents using the accidents approach. The research location was conducted in accident prone areas during January 2014 to February 2017 also using AIS-IRSMS. With the Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), the result of estimation of accident estimation involving motorcycle that is McA = 0.00225 Q1.030 e(0.034 S). Accidents of involving motorcycles are heavily influenced by the number of vehicles on the road and the speed of the vehicle. Kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor di Kota Surabaya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Tercatat tahun 2014 hingga 2016 mencapai 721, 929 dan 1.325 kejadian kecelakaan. Fenomena ini tentunya tidak menguntungkan bagi masyarakat dan pengambil kebijakan terkait transportasi jalan raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengendara sepeda motor terlibat kecelakaan dan kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini melakukan pengembangan estimasi prediksi kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor di Kota Surabaya. Data kecelakaan dikompulir dari AIS-IRSMS untuk mengetahui karakteristik penguna dan kecelakaan menggunakan pendekatan frekwensi kejadian. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada daerah rawan kecelakaan sepanjang Januari 2014 hingga Februari 2017 juga menggunakan bantuan AIS-IRSMS. Menggunakan metode Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), hasil penelitian diperoleh estimasi prediksi kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor yaitu McA= 0,00225 Q1,030 e(0,034 S). Kecelakaan melibatkan sepeda motor sangat dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya kendaraan di jalan dan kecepatan kendaraan.

TRAFFIC FLOWS MODELING WITH INACCESSIBLE FOR DRIVING ROAD SECTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Anastasiya N. Zhukova ◽  
◽  
Marina S. Shapovalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road ◽  
Model Modification ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Transport Line ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Python Programming

Computerized traffic modeling makes it possible to find out the modification needs to assess the traffic flow on the roads and detect likely problem areas in order to take timely measures to eliminate them. Competent preparation of a road network formation plan based on the acquired information makes it possible to reduce the load on the road transport line, avoid traffic jams, and also reduce the average time spent by drivers on the roads. The macroscopic and microscopic models of the cars flow were analyzed by authors to implement the computer model. The article considered the model of the cellular automata by Nagel–Schreckenberg, with the author’s addition that takes into account the presence of the road sections inaccessible for driving in. The need to modify the lane change algorithm was implemented: the condition of the need to change the lane when car is meeting an inaccessible road section was added. And also the “polite” drivers algorithm for bypassing inaccessible areas with a high density of the traffic flows was proposed. Such a model is realized on Python programming language. An analysis of vehicles behavior with different traffic density and location of inaccessible road sections for two- and three-lane roads was carried out based on that model modification.

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