Comparisons of the Health Benefits of Strength Training, Aqua-Fitness, and Aerobic Exercise for the Elderly

Rehabilitation Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2018/5230971 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez ◽

Anxela Soto-Rodríguez ◽

Ignacio Pérez-Ribao ◽

José L. García-Soidán

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Physical Health ◽

Strength Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Training Group ◽

The Elderly ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Clinical Environment ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Double Blind

Objective. To compare strength training, aqua-fitness, and aerobic exercise programs to discern the differences in the benefits achieved by each of the activities in older people. Design. Double-blind randomized trial. Setting. Controlled clinical environment. Participants. 108 people: 54 female paired with a male of the same age (average age of 65.5 ± 5.6 years). Interventions. Three exercise programs (aqua-fitness, aerobic exercise, and strength training) for six months. Main Outcome Measures. Body Mass Index, Senior Fitness Test (which evaluated functional fitness), and the SF-12 Health Survey. Results. Men showed greater positive changes in the aerobic exercise group for general self-perceived mental health, leg strength, and flexibility of legs and arms. The largest improvements in overall self-perceived physical health and upper limb strength were in the men of the strength training group. The women participants in the strength training group obtained greater benefits, especially in self-perceived mental and physical health and in the strength of the four limbs. Conclusions. To maximise benefits, older people, in general, may want to consider participating in aerobic activity. Furthermore, older women would benefit greatly, both emotionally and physically, from exercise that includes strength training.

Download Full-text

Different Modulatory Effects of Cognitive Training and Aerobic Exercise on Resting State Functional Connectivity of Entorhinal Cortex in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.655245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

NanNan Gu ◽

Hechun Li ◽

Xinyi Cao ◽

Ting Li ◽

Lijuan Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Training Group ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Index Score ◽

Angular Gyrus ◽

The Right ◽

Left Angular Gyrus

The entorhinal cortex (EC) plays an essential role in age-related cognitive decline. However, the effect of functional connectivity (FC) changes between EC and other cerebral cortices on cognitive function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the modulation of two interventions (cognitive training and aerobic exercise) on EC-FC in community-dwelling older adults. In total, 94 healthy older adults aged between 65 and 75 years were assigned to either the cognitive training or aerobic exercise group to receive 24 sessions over 12 weeks, or to a control group. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at both baseline and 12-month follow-up. Compared to the cognitive training group, the aerobic exercise group showed greater EC-FC in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, left angular gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus. Compared to the control group, the cognitive training group had a decreased EC-FC in the right hippocampus, right middle temporal gyrus, left angular gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus and an increased EC-FC in the bilateral pallidum, while the aerobic exercise group showed increased EC-FC between the right medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC), bilateral pallidum, and right precuneus. Baseline EC-FC in the mPFC was positively correlated with the visuospatial/constructional index score of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. In the cognitive training group, EC-FC value changes in the right hippocampus were negatively correlated with changes in the RBANS delayed memory index score, while in the aerobic exercise group, EC-FC value changes in the left angular gyrus were positively correlated with changes in the RBANS attention index score. These findings support the hypothesis that both cognitive training and aerobic exercise can modulate EC-FC in aging populations but through different neural pathways.

Download Full-text

INJURIES AND ADHERENCE TO AEROBIC AND STRENGTH TRAINING EXERCISE PROGRAMS FOR THE ELDERLY

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198004001-00354 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S59

Author(s):

M. L. Pollock ◽

J. E. Graves ◽

S. Leggett ◽

R. Braith ◽

J. M. Hagberg

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

The Elderly ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Training Exercise

Download Full-text

Effects of resistance training and aerobic exercise in elderly people concerning physical fitness and ability: a prospective clinical trial

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082013000200003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 153-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maria Fernanda Bottino Roma ◽

Alexandre Leopold Busse ◽

Rosana Aparecida Betoni ◽

Antonio Cesar de Melo ◽

Juwando Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Elderly People ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Training Group ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Walking Test ◽

The Third

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of physical fitness and function on older adults in two programs of supervised exercise activity: resistance training and aerobic exercise. METHODS: This study is a randomized, prospective clinical trial composed of sedentary elderly people who did not have contraindications to exercise. Participants were divided into two groups: group one performed 6 exercises of resistance training twice a week, and group two participated in walking activity for 30 minutes twice a week. Functional assessment (time 0,6 and 12 months) was measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (time to sit or stand, gait speed, and balance), flexibility test, and the six-minute walking test. We randomly selected 96 patients: 46 in the Resistance Training Group and 50 in the Aerobic Exercise Group. In the Resistance Training Group, 46 attended the first assessment and 20 attended until the third section. In the Aerobic Exercise Group, 50 attended the first assessment and 12 attended until the third assessment. RESULTS: Mean age was 68.8 years in the Resistance Training Group and 69.1 years in the Aerobic Exercise Group. The Resistance Training Group showed improvement in the sit/stand (p=0.022), balance with feet in a row (p=0.039) and queued (p=0.001). The second showed a statistical difference in speed and balance with the feet lined up and the feet together (p=0.008; p=0.02; and p=0.043, respectively). Concerning flexibility, the Resistance Training Group had improvement (p=0.001), whereas in the Aerobic Exercise Group, no significant difference was seen (p=0.359). Both groups had improvement in the six-minute walking test, but no significant improvement was seen in the Aerobic Exercise Group (p=0.033). CONCLUSION: Both groups showed improvement in physical fitness. No statistical difference was seen when groups was compared in the short physical performance battery, flexibility, and six-minute walking test.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Distance Running on the Anthropometry and Body Functions for the Elderly

Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation ◽

10.24112/ajper.61240 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Liyan GU ◽

Guijie YOU ◽

Yiming ZHANG ◽

Lan ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Medical Science ◽

The Elderly ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Health Condition ◽

Distance Running ◽

Old People ◽

Common Group

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.Because of the population of the old people is increasing remarkably in today's society, due to the development of the standard of medical science and technique, there is the positive significance in improving old people's physique and health by understanding their present constitutional situation and health condition, and in studying in aging regulations and the function of anti-aging by doing exercise. The article has tested the function and sports quality of the subjects, part of whom are the retired staffs in some universities in Beijing, and others are the members of the Jogging Club of Old People. It is manifested that Most of the indexes in function and sports quality were significant better in aerobic exercise group than in common group no matter of males or females. It is concluded that longterm regular aerobic exercise can slow down the declining speed of cardio-pulmonary function, and maintain and improve the sports quality of old people.隨著人類社會進步和醫療科技的發展，人口老齡化已成為世界人口發展的必然趨勢。所以瞭解老年人的身體機能和素質，對研究衰老規律和運動抗衰老的作用，全面提高中國老年人體質與健康水平具有積極的意義。本文將227名北京部分高校退休敎職工和北京市老年長跑俱樂部的隊員，按受試者鍛煉和訓練情況劃分為普通組和有氧運動組，對他們進行了形態、身體機能和運動素質的測試。結果顯示，有氧組和普通組在形態、身體機能和運動素質的大多數指標上存在明顯差異，表現為，有氧運動組的形態、身體機能和素質等指標明顯優於普通組。這就説明長期堅持有氧運動對於減緩心肺功能下降的速度，維持和提高老年群體身體素質有積極的促進作用。

Download Full-text

Aerobic Exercise Combination Intervention to Improve Physical Performance Among the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.798068 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Bai ◽

Kim Geok Soh ◽

Roxana Dev Omar Dev ◽

Othman Talib ◽

Wensheng Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

The Elderly ◽

Upper Body ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Combined Training ◽

Body Strength

The benefits of aerobic exercise for the elderly are well-known. They extend beyond cardiovascular changes and can reduce the inactivity-induced loss of strength, mobility, balance, and endurance that are vital for the safe performance of daily activities in older adults. However, the benefits of combined aerobic exercise with other exercises such as strength/resistance, multi-component and aerobic exercise remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of combined aerobic exercise on physical performance among the elderly, as opposed to single aerobic exercise. We searched four databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL Plus to find 18 articles that met criteria. Data was extracted using PICOs extraction tool and summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Studies have shown that aerobics combined resistance/strength training (CEX), multi-component training (ME), and dance combined training has positive and significant effects on the physical performance (upper body strength and lower body strength, dynamic balance, fall risk, mobility, gait, agility, flexibility) of the elderly. CEX had additional benefits compared to aerobic training (AER) and resistance/strength training (RES) in gait speed, lower limb strength, and trunk fat. Furthermore, CEX was more effective than AER in improving sitting and stretching, elbow flexion, knee flexion, shoulder flexion and stretching, strength and body fat, function reach test, 30-s chair standing test and 6-min walking test, self-evaluation of body function. Therefore, the combination of multiple components contributes to the overall improvement in physical fitness of the elderly, thus preventing them from losing balance and reducing susceptibility to injury.Clinical Trial Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42021213147].

Download Full-text

INJURIES AND ADHERENCE TO AEROBIC AND STRENGTH TRAINING EXERCISE PROGRAMS FOR THE ELDERLY

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198904001-00354 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. L. Pollock ◽

J. E. Graves ◽

S. Leggett ◽

R. Braith ◽

J. M. Hagberg

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

The Elderly ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Training Exercise

Download Full-text

Is China Moving Towards Healthy Aging? —A tracking study based on 5 phases of CLHLS data

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26297/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yinan Yang ◽

Yingying Meng

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Physical Health ◽

Elderly People ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

The World ◽

Elderly Populations ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences

Abstract BackgroundMost of the countries are entering an aging society in the world. China has the largest number of elderly people in the world and “healthy aging” is the key way for China to cope with the challenges of population aging. This paper aims to investigate whether there is a trend of "healthy aging" in China using the longitudinal data.MethodsThe data used in this study were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data of 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014. A second-order factor model including four dimensions of physical health, functional status, mental health and social health was constructed to measure a latent variable, “Health_elders” and the structural mean model was further used to the examine the significance of the mean differences in “Health_elders” across five periods.ResultsThe results showed that, with the exception of 2008, the Health_elders in 2002, 2005, 2011 and 2014 displayed an upward trend, and the mean differences in Health_elders across five periods were significant. These findings indicate that on the whole, compared with older people in the past, older people in more recent periods are healthier, which supports the trend of "healthy aging" in China. In terms of groups, the health levels of male, town-residing elderly populations are higher, but the healthy aging trends among female elderly people and rural and urban elderly populations are stronger. Regarding the physical health of the elderly population, the health levels of the 60-74 years old cohort are decreasing, and the participation of elderly individuals in social activities is low, which is the weakness in the healthy aging process in ChinaConclusionThe health status of the elderly population is generally on the rise, indicating that China's aging is moving towards healthy aging. So the government should take more measures to encourage the medical and health system to adapt to the aging situation and requirements as soon as possible.

Download Full-text

Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People

10.21203/rs.3.rs-109397/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Sant'Ana ◽

Jeferson Vianna ◽

Aline Ribeiro ◽

Natália Reis ◽

João Guilherme Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Body Mass ◽

Interval Training ◽

Training Group ◽

The Elderly ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Control Group ◽

Physically Active ◽

Hemodynamic Variables ◽

Chronic Effects

Abstract This study aimed to verify the chronic effects of interval training (IT) with different intensities in the hemodynamic, autonomic, and cardiorespiratory variables of physically active older people. Twenty-four physically active older men (age: 68.8 ± 6.8 years, body mass: 74.4 ± 18.1 kg, height: 170 ± 8 m, body mass index: 25.1 ± 2.2 kg / m²) participated in the study. Participants were randomized into three experimental groups: training group A (TGA, n = 8), training group B (TGB, n = 8), and control group (GC, n = 8). TGA and TGB groups performed 32 training sessions separated by a 48-hour interval. TGA showed 4-min with intensity relative to 55 to 60% of the HRmax and 1-min at 70 to 75% of the HRmax. TGB training group performed the same protocol but performed 4-min at 45 to 50% HRmax and 1-min at 60 to 65% HRmax. Both training groups performed each series for six times, totaling 30-min per session. The evaluations were carried out in the pre (baseline) moments after the 16th and 32nd intervention sessions. GC only carried out assessments. Hemodynamic variables (HRR, SBP, DBP, MBP, and DP), autonomic (HRV indices, in the time and frequency domain), and cardiorespiratory (VO2max estimated) variables were evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in comparisons between protocols and moments (p>0.05). However, the size of the effect and the percentage delta indicated clinical results with relevant magnitudes between protocols and moments, indicating favorable responses to the IT intervention in hemodynamic, autonomic, and cardiorespiratory variables. IT can be an essential strategy in the prescription of training for conditional improvement of variables of cardioprotective function in physically active and healthy older people. However, other studies are suggested to establish the efficiency of this method for cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables in the elderly.

Download Full-text