scholarly journals Leptin and Leptin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Possible Link to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava Berger ◽  
Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Sleep Breathing Disorders ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Obesity-related sleep breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) cause intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, a powerful trigger of oxidative stress. Obesity also leads to dramatic increases in circulating levels of leptin, a hormone produced in adipose tissue. Leptin acts in the hypothalamus to suppress food intake and increase metabolic rate. However, obese individuals are resistant to metabolic effects of leptin. Leptin also activates the sympathetic nervous system without any evidence of resistance, possibly because these effects occur peripherally without a need to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. IH is a potent stimulator of leptin expression and release from adipose tissue. Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance may upregulate generation of reactive oxygen species, increasing oxidative stress and promoting inflammation. The current review summarizes recent data on a possible link between leptin and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sleep breathing disorders.

scholarly journals Is the Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Cardiovascular Complications?—Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3734
Author(s):  
Piotr Fiedorczuk ◽  
Adam Stróżyński ◽  
Ewa Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Cv Disease

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent, underdiagnosed disease and is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanism of cardiovascular complications (CVC) development as a complication of OSA is not entirely understood. Oxidative stress is suspected to be the essential factor in initiating various comorbidities in OSA. Biomarkers of nonenzymatic lipid and protein peroxidation, DNA repair and antioxidant capabilities measured in serum, plasma and urine are frequently used to assess the presence of oxidative stress. We conducted a systematic review and quality assessment of available observational analytic studies to determine whether there is an association between oxidative stress and OSA in patients with prevalent CV disease compared to (a) patients with prevalent CV disease but no OSA, (b) patients with prevalent CV disease and less severe OSA and (c) patients with OSA and no overt CV disease. This systematic review demonstrated that, while oxidative stress is associated with OSA, there was no clear difference in the severity of oxidative stress between OSA patients with or without cardiovascular complications.

Smoking, Drinking, Overweight, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients With Sleep Breathing Disorders

CHEST Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. A569
Author(s):  
Mihaela Trenchea ◽  
Oana Deleanu ◽  
Elena Dantes ◽  
Agripina Rascu ◽  
Oana Arghir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Breathing Disorders ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Complications of Sleep Apnea: Role of Oxidative Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Badran ◽  
Najib Ayas ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in 2% of middle-aged women and 4% of middle-aged men with a higher prevalence among obese subjects. This condition is considered as an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. One of the major pathophysiological characteristics of OSA is intermittent hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to oxidative stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Many animal models, such as the rodent model of intermittent hypoxia, mimic obstructive sleep apnea in human patients and allow more in-depth investigation of biological and cellular mechanisms of this condition. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease resulting from OSA in humans and animal models.

scholarly journals The prevalence of sleep breathing disorders in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
M. V. Agaltsov ◽  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
K. V. Davtyan ◽  
G. G. Arutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Sleep Breathing Disorders ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Aim. To study the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have undergone catheter treatment for this arrhythmia, as well as to study the possible interrelationships of these sleep breathing disorders with comorbid diseases and the received therapy in this cohort.Material and methods. 231 patients from a random sample were examined (men – 118 [51.1%], mean age 57.8±9.3 years) in the range of 1-6 months after catheter therapy for AF. All patients underwent cardiorespiratory sleep monitoring for one night. The criterion for OSA severity was apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) for hour (the norm is less than 5 events/h). Depending on the results obtained, all patients were divided into groups without apnea and with apnea of varying severity – a mild degree with an AHI value of 5 to 15 events/h, moderate severity with an AHI value of 16 to 30 events/h, and severe degree when the value of AHI more than 30 events/h. The study was performed without abolishing the basic therapy.Results. According to the results of cardiorespiratory sleep monitoring 127 patients (56.7%) with OSA criteria, were registered. Among them, a mild degree of OSA was found in 35.4% (n=45), a moderate degree – in 40.9% (n=52), and severe one – in 23.7% (n=30) of all patients with apnea. Among patients with obstructive sleep apnea 51.1% were males. Arterial hypertension was significantly more frequent in patients with OSA of pronounced degrees of severity compared with patients without apnea (p=0.047). Weight and body mass index of patients with OSA were significantly higher than in patients without apnea (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The left atrium (LA) size in patients with severe OSA was significantly larger than in patients without apnea (p=0.0005), which may indicate a possible contribution of severe obstructive apnea to the arrhythmia generating. OSA was the strongest independent factor among others related to the LA size (odds ratio was 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.1; p<0.0003).Conclusion. Obstructive sleep apnea is very widespread among a cohort of patients with AF who have undergone a catheter procedure to isolate the pulmonary veins. Sleep breathing disorder is the strongest and most independent risk factor for AF associated with increased LA, among other risk factors such as age, hypertension, and obesity. 

scholarly journals Understanding the role of oxidative stress in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Kargar ◽  
Zahra Zamanian ◽  
Majid Bagheri Hosseinabadi ◽  
Vahid Gharibi ◽  
Mohammad Sanyar Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Background Understanding the causes and risk factors of metabolic syndrome is important for promoting population health. Oxidative stress has been associated with metabolic syndrome, and also obstructive sleep apnea. These are two diseases which have common prognostic characteristics for heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the role of oxidative stress in the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in a working population. Methods Participants were 163 artisan bakers in Shahroud, Iran, routinely exposed to significant heat stress and other oxidative stress indicators on a daily basis as part of their work. Using a cross-sectional design, data relevant to determining metabolic syndrome status according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea according to the STOP-Bang score, was collected. Analyses included hierarchical binary logistic regression to yield predictors of the two diseases. Results Hierarchical binary logistic regression showed that oxidative stress – alongside obesity, no regular exercise, and smoking – was an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome, but not obstructive sleep apnea. Participants who were obese were 28 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome (OR 28.59, 95% CI 4.91–63.02) and 44 times more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea (OR 44.48, 95% CI 4.91–403.28). Participants meeting metabolic syndrome criteria had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (p <  0.05) than those who did not. No difference in oxidative stress index levels were found according to obstructive sleep apnea status. Conclusions Our findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the onset of metabolic syndrome, and that obstructive sleep apnea is involved in oxidative stress. Whilst obesity, exercise, and smoking remain important targets for reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea, policies to control risks of prolonged exposure to oxidative stress are also relevant in occupations where such environmental conditions exist.

Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea: Need for continuous monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro J. Suzuki ◽  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Ah-Mee Park ◽  
Regina M. Day
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals Nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep in congestive heart failure patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Jéssica Julioti Urbano ◽  
Lilian Nanami Uchiyama ◽  
Anderson Soares Silva ◽  
Roger André Oliveira Peixoto ◽  
Sergio Roberto Nacif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Sleep Breathing Disorders ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction: Sleep breathing disorders occur in 45% of patients with heart failure, with 36%-50% manifesting Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea and 12% exhibiting obstructive sleep apnea. Several studies have shown that sleep pathophysiology may negatively affect the cardiovascular system and that cardiac dysfunction alters sleep and respiration. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) using overnight pulse oximetry. Methods: Overnight pulse oximetry was conducted in the patients' homes with wrist pulse oximeters and finger probes that were placed around the forefingers of 15 patients with CHF and ejection fractions less than 50%, who were classified as New York Heart Association functional classes II and III. Results: The patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of seven patients with oxyhemoglobin desaturation indices of over 5 events/h, and the second group contained eight patients with oxyhemoglobin desaturation indices of 5 or less events/h. Student's t-tests did not show any significant differences between the groups. The patients' body mass indices correlated positively with the total desaturation episodes and desaturation time less than 90% and correlated negatively with the arterial oxygen saturation nadir. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry monitoring during sleep can be used to detect sleep breathing disorders in stable patients with CHF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document