scholarly journals Dietary Pattern and Macronutrients Profile on the Variation of Inflammatory Biomarkers: Scientific Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira ◽  
Thatianne Moreira Silva Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Amaro Andrade ◽  
Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff ◽  
Carla de Oliveira Barbosa Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Klara Suneson ◽  
Jesper Lindahl ◽  
Simon Chamli Hårsmar ◽  
Gustav Söderberg ◽  
Daniel Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity, Inflammation, and Developmental Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Segovia ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Clint Gray ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The prevalence of obesity, especially in women of child-bearing age, is a global health concern. In addition to increasing the immediate risk of gestational complications, there is accumulating evidence that maternal obesity also has long-term consequences for the offspring. The concept of developmental programming describes the process in which an environmental stimulus, including altered nutrition, during critical periods of development can program alterations in organogenesis, tissue development, and metabolism, predisposing offspring to obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in later life. Although the mechanisms underpinning programming of metabolic disorders remain poorly defined, it has become increasingly clear that low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity and its comorbidities. This review will discuss maternal metainflammation as a mediator of programming in insulin sensitive tissues in offspring. Use of nutritional anti-inflammatories in pregnancy including omega 3 fatty acids, resveratrol, curcumin, and taurine may provide beneficial intervention strategies to ameliorate maternal obesity-induced programming.

scholarly journals Circulating glucagon is associated with inflammatory mediators in metabolically compromised subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Ortega ◽  
José M Moreno-Navarrete ◽  
Mónica Sabater ◽  
Wifredo Ricart ◽  
Gema Frühbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

BackgroundAcute phase mediators promote metabolic changes by modifying circulating hormones. However, there is virtually no data about the link between glucagon and inflammatory parameters in obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation.Study designWe performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies.MethodsCirculating glucagon concentrations (ELISA), parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, interleukin 6 (IL6), and complement factor B (CFB) were analyzed in 316 subjects (250 men and 66 women). The effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of 20 subjects.ResultsCirculating glucagon significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.407,P<0.0001), HbAlc (r=0.426,P<0.0001), fasting triglycerides (r=0.356,P=0.001), and parameters of innate immune response system such as IL6 (r=0.342,P=0.050) and CFB (r=0.404,P=0.002) in obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance, but not in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In obese and NGT subjects, glucagon was associated with fasting triglycerides (r=0.475,P=0.003) and CFB (r=0.624,P=0.001). In obese subjects, glucagon (P=0.019) and CFB (P=0.002) independently contributed to 26% of fasting triglyceride variance (P<0.0001) after controlling for the effects of age and fasting serum glucose concentration in multiple lineal regression models. Moreover, concomitant with fat mass, fasting triglycerides, and CFB, weight loss led to significantly decreased circulating glucagon (−23.1%,P=0.004).ConclusionsAccording to the current results, acute phase reactants such as IL6 and CFB are associated with fasting glucagon in metabolically compromised subjects. This suggests that glucagon may be behind the association between inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.

scholarly journals A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastià Galmés ◽  
Margalida Cifre ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
Paula Oliver ◽  
Francisca Serra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Omega-3 rich diets have been shown to improve inflammatory status. However, in an ex vivo system of human blood cells, the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulating lipid metabolism and cytokine response is attenuated in overweight subjects and shows high inter-individual variability. This suggests that obesity may be exerting a synergistic effect with genetic background disturbing the anti-inflammatory potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present work, a genetic score aiming to explore the risk associated to low grade inflammation and obesity (LGI-Ob) has been elaborated and assessed as a tool to contribute to discern population at risk for metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production as a response to omega-3 were associated with LGI-Ob score; and lower anti-inflammatory effect of PUFA was observed in subjects with a high genetic score. Furthermore, overweight/obese individuals showed positive correlation of both plasma C-Reactive Protein and triglyceride/HDLc-index with LGI-Ob; and high LGI-Ob score was associated with greater hypertension (p = 0.047), Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.026), and metabolic risk (p = 0.021). The study shows that genetic variation can influence inflammation and omega-3 response, and that the LGI-Ob score could be a useful tool to classify subjects at inflammatory risk and more prone to suffer metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disturbances.

scholarly journals Dietary saturated fat and low-grade inflammation modified by accelerometer-measured physical activity in adolescence: results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla P. Harris ◽  
Andrea von Berg ◽  
Dietrich Berdel ◽  
Carl-Peter Bauer ◽  
Tamara Schikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Trained immunity and diabetic vascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Thiem ◽  
Rinke Stienstra ◽  
Niels P. Riksen ◽  
Samuel T. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Trained immunity is a recently described phenomenon whereby innate immune cells undergo functional reprogramming in response to microbial products, vaccines, or other stimuli, leading them to mount a sensitized nonspecific response to subsequent stimulation. While it is essential for the host response to pathogens, many diseases are the product of excessive or chronic inflammation. Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation of the arterial wall leading to plaque formation, where macrophages are the most abundant cell regulating plaque progression and stability. Recent studies have revealed a role for endogenous compounds related to atherosclerosis in the induction of trained immunity, which can enhance the expression of genes implicated in atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease. Accelerated atherosclerosis remains the principal cause of morbidity and premature mortality in patients with diabetes, and the burden of vascular complications is greatly enhanced by prior periods of inadequate control of blood glucose. Recent findings suggest that long-term changes in bone marrow myeloid progenitors, similar to those induced by microbial products or high cholesterol diets in mice, may help to explain the chronic inflammatory state driving atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk that exists for patients with diabetes despite improved metabolic control. From an immunometabolic perspective, we speculate that changes supporting the trained macrophage phenotype, such as up-regulation of glycolysis, indicate that a high glucose environment could enhance the pro-inflammatory consequences of trained immunity thereby contributing to the accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals Associations of Mediterranean-style Diet Adherence with Circulating Sphingolipid Patterns (P18-004-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Bigornia ◽  
Tammy Scott ◽  
Brian Barth ◽  
Jose M Ordovas ◽  
Katherine Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Sphingoid Bases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Building evidence suggests that greater adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MD) may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and dementia. However, our understanding of the biological mechanisms explaining these associations is limited. Altered sphingolipid metabolism (e.g., increased ceramides, glycosyl- and lactosyl-ceramides, sphingoid bases, and sphingomyelin (SM)) has been implicated in the development of chronic health conditions. We aimed to quantify the impact of MD adherence on circulating patterns of sphingolipid metabolites. Methods Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study among those with available data (n = 540, 56 y, 74% women). Diet was obtained with a semi-quantitative FFQ. The MD score (MDS) includes 7 beneficial (e.g., fish, monounsaturated/saturated fat ratio (MUFA/SFA)) and 2 moderation components (e.g., meat and dairy) (range 0–9). Metabolomic analysis was conducted on plasma samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-six sphingolipids were retained for analyses. Principal components analysis was used to derive 5 sphingolipid patterns. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression and ANCOVA. Results Circulating sphingolipid patterns were characterized by dihydro-SMs and SM species with very-long chain fatty acid groups (Factor 1); glycosyl- and lactosyl-ceramides (Factor 2); ceramides (Factor 3); sphingoid bases, sphinganine-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate (Factor 4); and SM species with a sphingadienine group (Factor 5). Each 1-point increase in the MDS was associated with lower Factor 3 z-score (β = −0.07 ± 0.03, P = 0.01), as well as with lower Factor 5 z-score (−0.08 ± 0.02, P = 0.001). We observed that individual MDS components including whole grains, fish, and the MUFA/SFA ratio were associated with the sphingolipid patterns (Table 1). Conclusions Our results suggest that a Mediterranean-style diet and components of the diet may reduce circulating concentrations of ceramides and certain sphingomyelin species. This may in part explain the protective benefits of this dietary pattern. Longitudinal analyses are needed to clarify the long-term impact of this dietary pattern on sphingolipid metabolism. Funding Sources NIH grants P01-AG023394 P50-HL105185 and R01-AG027087. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Sleep-Related Impairment in a Cohort of Community Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 155982761987192
Author(s):  
Maryam S. Hamidi ◽  
Tait D. Shanafelt ◽  
Andrea Hausel ◽  
Bryan D. Bohman ◽  
Rachel Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

There is increasing evidence that diet can mitigate fatigue. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between dietary habits and sleep-related impairment (SRI) in a cohort of community physicians. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 245 physicians who had completed a wellness survey in March 2016 (98% response rate). Three dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis: plant based, high protein, and high saturated fat and sugar. In the adjusted analysis, every SD increase in the plant-based dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.71-point decrease ( β = −0.72; SE = 0.32; P = .027; 95% CI = −1.35 to −0.08) in the SRI score, and every SD increase in the high saturated fat and sugar dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.77-point increase ( β = 0.77; SE = 0.32; P = .015; 95% CI = 0.15 to 1.39) in the SRI score. There were no associations between high protein diets and SRI scores. Physicians adhering to diets that are high in plant-based foods and low in saturated fat and added sugars had less SRI. Physicians currently face significant barriers to maintaining a healthy diet. This study highlights the potential role of workplace nutrition on SRI and work performance of physicians.

scholarly journals Asthma control in pregnancy is associated with pre-conception dietary patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Grieger ◽  
Luke E Grzeskowiak ◽  
Lisa G Wood ◽  
Vicki L Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo examine pre-conception dietary patterns in pregnant asthmatic women and to identify associations between maternal diet and asthma control during pregnancy.DesignCross-sectional study. Pre-conception food frequency data were collected retrospectively. Asthma control was assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between uncontrolled asthma and each dietary pattern (Z-score), with values presented as odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval.SettingAntenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital, Adelaide, Australia, May 2009–July 2013.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty-eight asthmatic pregnant women.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: (i) ‘high protein/fruit’ (strong food group loadings for fish, meat, chicken, fruit); (ii) ‘high fat/sugar/takeaway’ (takeaway foods, crisps, refined grains); and (iii) ‘vegetarian-type’ (vegetables, fruit, soya milk, whole grains). A 1 sd increase in score on the high fat/sugar/takeaway pattern was associated with increased likelihood of uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR=1·54; 95 % CI 1·07, 2·23; P=0·022). Women with uncontrolled asthma (n 115) had higher energy-adjusted intakes of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar and fibre compared with women with controlled asthma (n 43, all P≤0·05).ConclusionsPre-pregnancy dietary patterns may influence maternal asthma control. Our work highlights the importance of achieving a healthy diet before pregnancy that is low in saturated fat, sugar and takeaway foods, and therefore higher in lean meats, poultry and fish, as well as fruits, vegetables and whole grains. A healthy dietary pattern should be encouraged in all asthmatic women who are of childbearing age, and should additionally be promoted before pregnancy and beyond.

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