scholarly journals Organoleptic Evaluation of Amomi Fructus and Its Further Background Verified via Morphological Measurement and GC Coupled with E-Nose

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Xu ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Rudolf Bauer ◽  
Hui-Rong Chen ◽  
Rui-Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Discriminant Model ◽  
Morphological Measurement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Guang Dong ◽  
Instrumental Approaches

The present study investigated the maneuverability and reasonability of sensory analysis, which has been applied in TCM identification for a long time. Ten assessors were trained and generated the human panel to carry out the organoleptic evaluation of twenty-five batches of Sha-Ren samples. Accordingly, samples were scored from 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest) for sensory attributes. Based on this, samples were divided into three classes: high class (Yang-Chun-Sha from Guang-Dong), moderate class (Yang-Chun-Sha samples from Yun-Nan and Guang-Xi), and low class (Lv-Qiao-Sha from marketplaces). For further background, three instrumental approaches were employed: morphological measurement with three indices (longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and 100-fruit weight), GC for determination of bornyl acetate contents, and E-nose for aromatic fingerprint. It is demonstrated in the results that GC and E-nose analyses were in great agreement with organoleptic evaluation. It gives insights into further studies on searching better morphological indicators and improving discriminant model of E-nose.

scholarly journals Biological value of raspberry fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V. Voitsekhivskyi ◽  
A. Andrusyk ◽  
B. Vaskivskyi ◽  
O. Voitsekhivska ◽  
S. Vaskivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Standard ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Active Substances

The human body needs a constant flow of biologically active substances. Berry products, including raspberries, are a source of natural and affordable BAS. Raspberry berries contain a complex of BAS, in particular fructose, glucose, organic acids, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, P, E, essential oils, pectins, fiber, complex of polyphenols, copper salt, iron, potassium, folic acid, etc. Berries are salicylic acid and can for a long time maintain the beneficial properties of various processed products. Berries contain a lot of food fibers, it is beneficial for digestion. Berries contain betasitosterol and anthocyanins have anti-sclerotic properties, and coumarins normalize blood coagulation. Berries contain a lot of food fibers, it is beneficial for digestion. Raspberry berries contain coarse dietary fiber, β-sitosterol, anthocyanins and coumarins, these substances have a positive effect on digestion, have anti-sclerotic properties and normalize blood clotting. The purpose of the research aimed at carrying out a comparative characterization of the basic biochemical substances content and the quality of various berries and raspberry hybrids grown at the research field "Fruit and Vegetable Garden" of NULES of Ukraine. During the research the complex of international and state regulatory documents were used, in particular: the berries were selected in the state of technical maturity, in accordance with the state standard 7179: 2010; the sample size corresponded to ISO 874-2002; the determination of the components of the biochemical composition was carried out: the content of dry soluble substances were determined according to ISO 2173-2013, invert sugars – state standard 4954: 2008, titrated acids – state standard 4957: 2008, ascorbic acid – ISO 6557-2: 2014; organoleptic evaluation – according to the generally accepted methodology. Based on the obtained results, it was found that among the studied samples of berry varieties Babine Lito, Sontse Kieva, hybrids – Hybrid №4a, Hybrid №2 were characterized by the highest organoleptic and biochemical parameters, therefore it is expedient to use them both for consumption in a fresh form and for processing. The obtained results should be taken into account during the planning of raspberry planting and in further selective work during the creation of competitive varieties and hybrids of raspberries with a high content of biologically active substances in berries.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY OF SURFACE IN HOME CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
G.A. Irgalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Regulatory Document ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Sour Cream ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Home Conditions

The article reflects the assessment of the quality of sour cream at home, and considers methods for determining the quality of sour cream. Organoleptic evaluation was performed for compliance with the requirements of GOST 52092-2003 " Smetana. Technical conditions " in terms of appearance, consistency, color, taste and smell. The consistency of sour cream is determined during its mixing, while evaluating the presence of a glossy appearance of sour cream. Sour cream is considered thick if it slowly drains from the whorl. The smell is determined immediately after mixing. Then we evaluate the taste. When evaluating the quality of the samples under study, it was found that the organoleptic characteristics of the samples fully comply with the requirements of the regulatory document. Analyzing the results of the experiment, we can conclude that in the first experiment, the sour cream purchased on the market was completely dissolved, and the sour cream from the store after dissolution showed small grains. And in the second experiment, the results showed that the color did not change in the sample # 2, but under # 1 it turned blue. The basis of this experiment is a qualitative chemical reaction to starch, which is used as a thickener.

scholarly journals Expression Level of Mature miR172 in Wild Type and StSUT4-Silenced Plants of Solanum tuberosum Is Sucrose-Dependent

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Varsha Garg ◽  
Aleksandra Hackel ◽  
Christina Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cut Leaves

In potato plants, the phloem-mobile miR172 is involved in the sugar-dependent transmission of flower and tuber inducing signal transduction pathways and a clear link between solute transport and the induction of flowering and tuberization was demonstrated. The sucrose transporter StSUT4 seems to play an important role in the photoperiod-dependent triggering of both developmental processes, flowering and tuberization, and the phenotype of StSUT4-inhibited potato plants is reminiscent to miR172 overexpressing plants. The first aim of this study was the determination of the level of miR172 in sink and source leaves of StSUT4-silenced as well as StSUT4-overexpressing plants in comparison to Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigena wild type plants. The second aim was to investigate the effect of sugars on the level of miRNA172 in whole cut leaves, as well as in whole in vitro plantlets that were supplemented with exogenous sugars. Experiments clearly show a sucrose-dependent induction of the level of mature miR172 in short time as well as long time experiments. A sucrose-dependent accumulation of miR172 was also measured in mature leaves of StSUT4-silenced plants where sucrose export is delayed and sucrose accumulates at the end of the light period.

scholarly journals Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
J. I. López-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hydrological Droughts ◽  
Different Time Scales

Abstract. At present, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is the most widely used drought index to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The main advantage of the SPI in comparison with other indices is the fact that the SPI enables both determination of drought conditions at different time scales and monitoring of different drought types. It is widely accepted that SPI time scales affect different sub-systems in the hydrological cycle due to the fact that the response of the different water usable sources to precipitation shortages can be very different. The long time scales of SPI are related to hydrological droughts (river flows and reservoir storages). Nevertheless, few analyses empirically verify these statements or the usefulness of the SPI time scales to monitor drought. In this paper, the SPI at different time scales is compared with surface hydrological variables in a big closed basin located in the central Spanish Pyrenees. We provide evidence about the way in which the longer (>12 months) SPI time scales may not be useful for drought quantification in this area. In general, the surface flows respond to short SPI time scales whereas the reservoir storages respond to longer time scales (7–10 months). Nevertheless, important seasonal differences can be identified in the SPI-usable water sources relationships. This suggests that it is necessary to test the drought indices and time scales in relation to their usefulness for monitoring different drought types under different environmental conditions and water demand situations.

VI. The glucoside constitution of proteid matter

1894 ◽  
Vol 54 (326-330) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Time

For a long time I have adopted a process for separating the glycogen of the liver consisting in boiling with potash, pouring into alcohol, and collecting the precipitate. For the purpose of estimation, the precipitated glycogen was converted by means of sulphuric acid into glucose, the determination of which gave the information required. I afterwards applied the process to blood, and the various organs and tissues of the body, with the result that a more or less notable amount of cupric oxide reducing product was obtained, which I at the time looked upon as taking origin, as in the case of the liver, from glycogen.

scholarly journals Determination of the Chemical Composition of Tea by Chromatographic Methods: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Ya Yashin ◽  
Boris V. Nemzer ◽  
Emilie Combet ◽  
Yakov I. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

<p>Despite the fact that mankind has been drinking tea for more than 5000 years, its chemical composition has been studied only in recent decades. These studies are primarily carried out using chromatographic methods. This review summarizes the latest information regarding the chemical composition of different tea grades by different chromatographic methods, which has not previously been reviewed in the same scope. Over the last 40 years, the qualitative and quantitative analyses of high volatile compounds were determined by GC and GC/MS. The main components responsible for aroma of green and black tea were revealed, and the low volatile compounds basically were determined by HPLC and LC/MS methods. Most studies focusing on the determination of catechins and caffeine in various teas (green, oolong, black and pu-erh) involved HPLC analysis.</p> <p>Knowledge of tea chemical composition helps in assessing its quality on the one hand, and helps to monitor and manage its growing, processing, and storage conditions on the other. In particular, this knowledge has enabled to establish the relationships between the chemical composition of tea and its properties by identifying the tea constituents which determine its aroma and taste. Therefore, assessment of tea quality does not only rely on subjective organoleptic evaluation, but also on objective physical and chemical methods, with extra determination of tea components most beneficial to human health. With this knowledge, the nutritional value of tea may be increased, and tea quality improved by providing via optimization of the growing, processing, and storage conditions.</p>

Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible.

1986 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Effect of Genetically Diverse Pollen on Pollination, Pollen Tube Overgrow, Fruit Set and Morphology of Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stasiak ◽  
Piotr Latocha ◽  
Monika Bieniasz
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Dioecious Plants ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Successful pollination and fertilization are crucial processes for obtaining a high yield, especially for dioecious plants such as A. arguta. Determination of pollen tube growth on stigma and fruit development parameters, which were investigated in this study, can enable the evaluation of male–female compatibility—one of the factors of successful pollination. Pollen quality and grain size were analysed for two years on six male cultivars of A. arguta and one of A. chinensis var. deliciosa. Results showed high pollen quality, both with parameters above 80%. Pollen germination in vivo showed differences in pollen–stigma interactions. The highest positive interactions were observed for all female cultivar crosses with male ‘Nostino’ and ‘Rubi’ and the lowest one for A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Tomuri’. However, fruit set and average fruit weight were equally high in most of the combinations (fruit set above 75% for the majority of combinations). Some differences were noticed in the average seed number per fruit and weight. All tested male cultivars were able to fertilize tested female cultivars, but taking into account other characteristics such as pollen efficiency, some male cultivars seemed to be more proper for commercial orchards. Using A. chinensis var. deliciosa pollen seems to be unreasonable in tested conditions.

scholarly journals The investigation of the state of Ukraine furniture industry development under current economic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
N. Bondarenko ◽  
D. Udalykh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Number Increase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Design Diversity

Furniture for a long time has been an integral component of human activity, recreation and everyday life. Its design, diversity and versatility along with the development of human civilization is increasingly becoming the object of further improvement. At present furniture production in Ukraine is the developing industry, gradually entering the European market in terms of quality and design. European furniture market is extremely attractive to operators and, therefore, has dynamics towards the competitor number increase. One of the factors of increasing the industry attractiveness is the support of amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On peculiarities of state regulation of business entities related to the sale and export of timber» by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in April 2015, which imposed temporary, gradual prohibition on the export of raw timber (forest logs) for 10 years. The corresponding partial prohibition entered into force on 11.01.2015, and complete prohibition (including pine wood) - from January 1, 2017. The consequences of this moratorium during the first five years of its operation, which is important in the context of politicization of this problem are analyzed in this paper. The dynamics and structure of the amount of enterprises in industry and the number of employees employed in them are investigated. The volume of furniture industry sales in general and the areas of their implementation (internal or external markets) are analyzed. The next stage is the analysis of the dynamics of the ratio of furniture products exports and imports in Ukraine and determination of the major exporters of such products. The final stage is the investigation of the dynamics of foreign direct investments in the enterprises capital share in this industry in order to identify its investment attractiveness. As a result, it is determined that the introduced moratorium has partial positive impact on the development of furniture industry in Ukraine. However, at present, the furniture industry is not attractive enough for new foreign investment. This is the consequence of significant amount of «shadow» production, which in its turn destabilizes the situation in the furniture market. Ukrainian manufacturers will be able to strengthen their position in domestic market and even abroad, if they solve the main problems in furniture production and eliminate all disincentives.

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