scholarly journals A New Model of Diarrhea with Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie Zhu ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Liwei Hou ◽  
Xiaolan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Kidney Yang Deficiency ◽  
Defecation Frequency ◽  
Forelimb Grip Strength

Objective. The aim of this study was to examine a new method to create a rat model of diarrhea with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Methods. A senna leaf (Folium sennae) decoction was made in 3 concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 g/mL. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control (C)-, high (H)-, middle (M)-, and low (L)- dose groups. The groups received saline, 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 g/mL senna leaf decoction, respectively, for 4 weeks. Body weight monitoring, food consumption, water intake, defecation frequency, stool Bristol score, weight-loaded forced swimming test, forelimb grip strength test, D-xylose absorption test, serum cortisone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 24 h urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS), and histopathological detection were conducted to assess the success of the senna leaf decoction-induced model. Results. This study showed that the senna leaf decoction could induce diarrhea and dose-dependently slow body weight growth, reduce food consumption, and increase water intake, stool Bristol score, and defecation frequency. Statistical differences were found between groups H and M in rectal temperature, weight-loaded forced swimming time, forelimb grip strength, and serum cortisone. The D-xylose absorption test also showed dysfunction of intestinal absorption in groups H and M. The serum cortisone and 24 h urine 17-OHCS were significantly reduced in group H. Conclusions. Gastric gavage of 10 mL/kg of body weight of a high concentration of a senna leaf decoction (1.0 g/mL) for 4 weeks was used to create a rat model of diarrhea with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome.

scholarly journals Effects of Haima Duobian Pill in a Rat Model of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yijia Zeng ◽  
Tingna Li ◽  
Xiaorui Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Ren ◽  
Qinwan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Kidney Yang Deficiency

Objective. Modern research shows that Haima Duobian pill (HDP) can relieve the kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS), but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this work was to study the effects of HDP in a rat model of KYDS. Materials and Methods. The network pharmacology methods were used to predict the therapeutic effects of Haima Duobian pill. Adenine was used to establish the rat model of kidney yang deficiency syndrome. The general physical signs of rats were observed after different doses of Haima Duobian pill (HDP) were given. Serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, the histopathologic changes and sperm activity were detected. Results. HDP could improve the general signs of kidney yang deficiency syndrome rats. After the rats were treated with HDP, the expression of cGMP and E2 was significantly inhibited and the expression of cAMP and T was significantly increased. The pathological damage of testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle was alleviated, and the sperm activity was improved. Conclusion. For adenine-induced kidney yang deficiency syndrome in rats, HDP had a significant therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Boschniakia Rossica Extract on BMP-5 and ActRIIA in Mice Model of Kidney-Yang Deficient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Song Mu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Meng-Fei Tian ◽  
Chang-Yin Feng ◽  
Xian-Ming Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Camp Content ◽  
Activin Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Kidney Yang Deficiency

Abstract Background Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (Bu-Lao-Cao in Chinese name) is a famous Chinese traditional drug and mainly distributed in Korea, Japan, Russia, and China. The dried whole grass of Boschniakia rossica is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat kidney deficiency, yang deficiency, waist and knee aches and constipation. In order to quantify the active ingredients in B. rossica chinensis and body weight, clinical features and serum SOD and MDA activities, cAMP, cGMP, and testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating growth hormone (FSH), mouse bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5), mouse activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) were measured to elucidate the mechanism underlying its treatment of kidney yang deficiency potential. Methods Extracts of B. rossica were evaluated by HPLC-MS analyses. Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome was induced in mouse with hydrocortisone (10 mg/Kg, 15d) and treated with B. rossica extract. The animals were treated orally with 3 doses of B. rossica extract: 1000, 500 and 250 mg/Kg, for 15 days. Body weight and clinical characteristics were recorded daily. For biochemical analyses, the following tests were performed: superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, testosterone (T) content, follicle growth hormone (FSH) content, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content, mouse bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) content and activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) content. Results Our study found that all the mice except the blank group showed significant systemic depletion caused by hydrocortisone. Low T content, low cAMP activity and high cGMP content were consistent with the physiological and biochemical indexes of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. After oral gavage, the pathological conditions were improved in both the Positive group and the B. rossica groups.Conclusions The high-dose extract of B. rossica showed similar therapeutic effects as Jingui Shenqi Pill. The extract of B. rossica can be used to treat with hydrocortisone-induced kidney yang deficiency syndrome by increasing serum testosterone content and decreasing FSH content. More importantly, the experiment found that activin A and BMP-5 also have effects on kidney yang deficiency syndrome.

scholarly journals Establishment and Comparison of an Experimental Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome Rat Model Caused by Hydrocortisone, Adenine, and Dexamethasone Combined with Adriamycin in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehui Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Tong ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Qihan Luo ◽  
Hongxia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Kidney Yang Deficiency ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Objective: The paper is aimed to establish a method for renal injury in rats with kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) of the stable by comparing different model establishment methods and optimize the final modeling method.Method: In order to mimic water metabolism disorder of KYDS- a diagnostic pattern in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), we made a comparison of hydrocortisone-induced, adenine-induced, dexamethasone combined with adriamycin-induced KYDS rat model according to testing general behavior, detecting Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and renal function also making use of drug action. Additionally, the effect of adenine at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, on establishment of KYDS model was investigated in rats. Finally, Shenqi Wan (SQW, 3 g/kg) was used to estimate the deterioration of adenine that is associated with KYDS. Result: Three KYDS model rats all exhibited weight loss, anal temperature drop, reduced food intake and dysfunction of the Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which could be alleviated by SQW. However, different from other two methods, adenine-induced rats were prominently manifested as water and fluid metabolism disorders (sharply increased water intake and urine volume). Renal injury in adenine-induced rats was more obvious than it in hydrocortisone-induced rats and dexamethasone combined with adriamycin-induced rats. And renal toxicity caused by adenine was reversible by SQW treatment. Water metabolism disorder in adenine-induced rats was more closer to clinical symptoms of patients with KYDS. Subsequently, we found different dose of adenine gavage (100, 150, 200 mg/kg) for 14 days result in general behavior change, dysfunction of HPA axis and renal function damage. But only medium-dose of adenine induced toxicity could be reversed by SQW treatment for 21 days.Conclusion: The result of the comparison between the three modeling methods showed that adenine-induced was more effective to establish the KYDS model, and only a medium-dose of adenine for inducing renal poison could be recovered by SQW treatment. Therefore, a medium-dose of adenine was optimal for the establishment of the KYDS rat model.Trial registration : This is an animal experiment, trial registration is not necessary.

Ultraprocessed Food Consumption is Strongly and Dose‐Dependently Associated with Excess Body Weight in Swiss Women

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Giulia Pestoni ◽  
Linda Habib ◽  
Emilie Reber ◽  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Kaspar Staub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Excess Body Weight

scholarly journals Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang improves intestinal permeability in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome rats by inhibiting the NF-κB and notch signalling pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuke Hou ◽  
Yongquan Huang ◽  
Zhaoyang Zhu ◽  
Liu Liao ◽  
Xinlin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Defecation Frequency ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) has been shown to be effective in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and related mechanisms of TXYF in an IBS-D rat model. Methods The IBS-D rat model was established with 4% acetic acid and evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Then, IBS-D rats were divided into control, TXYF and rifaximin groups and treated intragastrically with normal saline, TXYF and rifaximin, respectively, for 14 days. The following indicators were measured before and after treatment: defecation frequency, faecal water content (FWC) and colorectal distension (CRD). Histopathological changes in the distal colon were observed after treatment. The expression of OCLN and ZO1 in the distal colon of IBS-D rats reflected the intestinal mucosal permeability, as measured by qRT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The NF-κB and Notch signalling pathways and inflammation-related factors were investigated. Results After treatment with TXYF, the defecation frequency, FWC and CRD were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05). HE staining showed that colonic epithelial cells (CECs) in the IBS-D rats displayed significant oedema, impaired intestinal mucosal integrity and an increased influx of inflammatory cells. A significant reduction in granulocyte and CEC oedema was observed after the administration of TXYF and rifaximin compared to that of the model group and blank group (P < 0.05). TXYF significantly upregulated the expression of OCLN and ZO-1 and downregulated inflammation-related factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the chemokine KC) in IBS-D rats compared to those in the model group rats (P < 0.05). In terms of the NF-κB and Notch signalling pathways, the expression of NICD, p-ERK, Hes-1 and p-P65 decreased significantly in the TXYF and rifaximin groups, while the expression of ATOH1 increased significantly compared to that in the model group (P < 0.05). Conclusion TXYF can effectively improve intestinal permeability and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function, which may be related to inhibition of the inflammatory cascade and the NF-κB and Notch signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Short-term Ketogenic, High Fat and Fructose-enriched Diets on Metabolic Parameters in Mice (P08-042-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cortez ◽  
John Solitro ◽  
Brian Hong ◽  
Emily Villarreal ◽  
Gerardo Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Objectives Dietary composition influences multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic (KD), a high fat (HF), and a fructose-enriched (FR) diets on glucose homeostasis, body composition and grip strength performance in mice. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 J mice (5–6 mice/group) were fed, either a control diet containing approximately 16% total calories from fat (CT), a diet containing 89% fat (KD), a diet with 50% total calories from fat (HF), or a diet with 32% fructose as carbohydrate source (FR). All diets contained 10% protein and all mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, we evaluated body composition using NMR relaxometry, grip strength, non-fasting glucose levels, and ketone levels. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted by administering glucose by oral gavage (1 g/kg body weight) after 15 hour-fasting and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Results All mice, irrespectively of their experimental diet groups, increased their body weight, fat mass and adiposity without significant differences among them. After 4 weeks, the HF (P < 0.05) and FR (P < 0.01) groups had significantly higher glucose levels than control. At 8 weeks, the KD groups showed an improved glucose homeostasis compared to CT group, as determined by OGTT. Moreover, compared to the CT group, grip strength performance increased (although did not reached significance) in the KD group (P = 0.054), and decreased in the FR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared to their respective baseline values, grip strength performance increased in KD-fed mice and decreased in FR-fed mice, but differences among them were not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that altering macronutrient composition can lead to metabolic and physiological changes. Among the three diets tested, the KD showed an improved glucose utilization and better grip strength performance in mice. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to better understand these metabolic differences among the experimental diets. Funding Sources funds from the University of California, Davis.

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