scholarly journals Implementation of Biological Control to the Integrated Control of Strongyle Infection among Wild Captive Equids in a Zoological Park

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Palomero ◽  
J. A. Hernández ◽  
C. F. Cazapal-Monteiro ◽  
Fabián Arroyo Balán ◽  
M. I. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Zoological Park

The integrated control of strongyles was assayed for a period of three years in wild equids (zebras, European donkeys, and African wild asses) captive in a zoo and infected by strongyles. During three years control of parasites consisted of deworming with ivermectin + praziquantel; equids also received every two days commercial nutritional pellets containing a blend of 104 - 105 spores of the fungi Mucor circinelloides + Duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal. Coprological analyses were done monthly to establish the counts of eggs of strongyles per gram of feces (EPG). The reductions in the fecal egg counts (FECR) and in the positive horses (PHR) were calculated fifteen days after deworming; the egg reappearance period (ERP) and the time elapsed from the previous deworming (TPD) were also recorded. Four anthelmintic treatments were administered during the assay, three times throughout the first 2 yrs, and another treatment during the last one. FECR values of 96-100% and 75-100% for the PHR were recorded. The ERP oscillated between eight and twenty-eight weeks, and the TPD ranged from four to eighteen months, increasing to the end of the trial. No side effects were observed in any of the equids. It is concluded that integrated control of strongyles among equids captive in a zoo can be developed by anthelmintic deworming together with the administration of pellets manufactured with spores of parasiticide fungi every two days.

Soil fungi enable the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in wild bovidae captive in a zoological park: a 4-year trial

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Palomero ◽  
C. F. Cazapal-Monteiro ◽  
E. Valderrábano ◽  
A. Paz-Silva ◽  
R. Sánchez-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Zoological Parks ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Zoological Park

AbstractThe control of gastrointestinal nematodes among ruminants maintained in zoological parks remains difficult due to infective stages develop in the soil. For the purpose to improve the possibilities of the control of gastrointestinal nematodes (genera Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Chabertia and Haemonchus) affecting wild captive bovidae ruminants belonging to the subfamilies Antilopinae, Caprinae, Bovinae and Reduncinae, commercial pelleted feed enriched with a blend of 104–105 spores of both filamentous fungi Mucor circinelloides + Duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal was provided for a period of 3.5 years. All animals were dewormed at the beginning of the trial and also when exceeding a cut-off point of 300 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The anthelmintic efficacy ranged between 96 and 100%. The need for repeating the administration of parasiticide treatment disappeared at the 24th month of study in the Antilopinae individuals, and at the 8th month in the Caprinae, Bovinae and Reduncinae. No side-effects were observed on the skin or in the digestive, respiratory or reproductive system. It was concluded that this strategy provides a sustainable tool for preventing the contamination of paddocks where captive ruminants are maintained, decreasing the risk of infection by gastrointestinal nematodes and consequently the need of frequent deworming.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Control of Helminths of Domestic Animals by Helminthophagous Fungi

Parasitologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
Adolfo Paz-Silva ◽  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biotechnological Products ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth

This review describes the advances acquired and proven in the use of helminthophagous fungi in the control of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in domestic animals. Old and well-known premises about parasitic epidemiology and the factors that can interfere with the best performance of biological control are mentioned. Some of the most promising fungi are Duddingtonia flagrans from the predatory fungi group and Pochonia chamydosporia and Mucor circinelloides from the ovicidal fungi group. These fungi produce resistance spores called chlamidospores. Bioverm® and BioWorma®, based on the fungus D. flagrans, are available as commercial. Biotechnological products such as nanoparticles and obtaining primary and secondary metabolites have already been obtained from these fungi. Because they have different mechanisms of action, ovicidal and predatory fungi, when used together, can present a complementary and synergistic action in the biological control of helminths. Therefore, future research in the search for new formulations, the association of fungi from different groups, extraction of new molecules, and nanoparticles of these fungi in the control of helminths in various domestic animals are desired.

Lack of negative effects of the biological control agent Duddingtonia flagrans on soil nematodes and other nematophagous fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Saumell ◽  
A.S. Fernández ◽  
F. Echevarria ◽  
I. Gonçalves ◽  
L. Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Deposition

AbstractThe possible environmental effects of the massive use of Duddingtonia flagrans for controlling sheep nematodes were evaluated in two regions. Non-supplemented faeces and faeces from sheep supplemented with D. flagrans were deposited three times on pasture plots and samples were collected 7 and 14 days post-deposition. Samples were cultured in agar-water (2%) with Panagrellus spp. to recover D. flagrans and other nematophagous fungi, and soil nematodes were extracted using Baermann funnels and counted. No significant differences in the populations of soil nematodes and fungi colonizing sheep faeces (P > 0.05) were observed between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, except in one sample. The topsoil in contact with the faeces was sampled 1–4 months post-deposition, revealing that, with one exception, D. flagrans did not persist in soil beyond 2 months post-deposition. Duddingtonia flagrans does not affect faecal colonization by other fungi and soil nematodes and, once deployed on pasture, does not survive for long periods in the environment.

Commercial application of biological control: status and prospects

1988 ◽  
Vol 318 (1189) ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The global market value of control agents used in crop protection and public health is approaching $16 000 million annually, but less than 1% of this market is penetrated by biological control agents (BCAs). This paper examines the suitability of different types of BCA to research and commercialization, bearing in mind the sharply targeted approach employed by much of the industry. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with examples of failures and successes with BCAs. Commercialized products described range from specific chemical control agents which have no adverse effects on beneficial organisms to true BCAs such as pheromones, mass-produced bacteria, and predatory mites. From a commercial viewpoint, greatest potential resides with the utilization of bacteria and fungi, particularly for insect control, but registerability (particularly for genetically engineered agents) patentability, reliability and cost-effectiveness must be achieved. Industry believes that biotechnology will increase the usefulness of BCAs and is therefore encouraging cooperation with academic researchers and performing in-house research to advance the technology. Even so, BCAs will not replace chemicals in the foreseeable future, but will complement them and allow the development of improved integrated control measures.

scholarly journals Mixed Production of Filamentous Fungal Spores for Preventing Soil-Transmitted Helminth Zoonoses: A Preliminary Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Arias ◽  
C. F. Cazapal-Monteiro ◽  
J. Suárez ◽  
S. Miguélez ◽  
I. Francisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Individual

Helminth zoonoses are parasitic infections shared by humans and animals, being the soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) mainly caused by roundworms (ascarids) and hookworms. This study was aimed to assess the individual and/or mixed production of two helminth-antagonistic fungi, one ovicide (Mucor circinelloides) and other predator (Duddingtonia flagrans). Fungi were grown both in Petri plates and in a submerged culture (composed by water, NaCl, Na2HPO4· 12 H2O, and wheat (Triticum aestivum)). A Fasciola hepatica recombinant protein (FhrAPS) was incorporated to the cultures to improve fungal production. All the cultured plates showed fungal growth, without difference in the development of the fungi when grown alone or mixed. High counts ofMucorspores were produced in liquid media cultures, and no significant differences were achieved regarding single or mixed cultures, or the incorporation of the FhrAPS. A significantly higher production ofDuddingtoniaspores after the incorporation of the FhrAPS was observed. When analyzing the parasiticide efficacy of the fungal mixture, viability ofT. caniseggs reduced to 51%, and the numbers of third stage cyathostomin larvae reduced to 4%. It is concluded, the capability of a fungal mixture containing an ovicide (Mucor) and a predator species (Duddingtonia) for growing together in a submerged medium containing the FhrAPS offers a very interesting tool for preventing STHs.

scholarly journals Biological control of horse cyathostomin (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in tropical southeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
André Ricardo Silva ◽  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
Rogério Oliva Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans

Induction of traps by Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, chlamydospore production and growth rate in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
S.A. Henriksen ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Nematode Larvae

AbstractBiological control of parasitic nematodes of domestic animals can be achieved by feeding host animals chlamydospores of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. In the host faeces, D. flagrans develop traps that may catch nematode larvae. In experiments on agar, D. flagrans had a growth rate between 15 and 60 mm/week at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. The presence of nematodes induces the fungus to produce traps. The rate of trap formation in D. flagrans has an optimum at 30°C, producing 700–800 traps/cm2/2 days, when induced by 20 nematodes/cm2 on agar. Approaching 10 and 35°C the ability to produce traps is gradually reduced. The response of chlamydospore production on agar to changes in temperature is the same as that for trap formation. On agar, at 10, 20 and 30°C D. flagrans loses its trap inducibility after 2–3 weeks. During the ageing process, increasing numbers of chlamydospores are produced up to a certain limit. The time for reaching maximum chlamydospore concentration coincided with the time for loss of induction potential. The implications of these results in relation to biological control in faeces are discussed.

Current perspectives on integrated control of some soil-borne diseases and pests of potato in the Netherlands.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
L. Brussaard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
And Control

The current status and prospects of biological control methods and the application of certain crop varieties and cultural methods to prevent and control yield depressions and some soil-borne diseases, including Pseudomonas and Rhizoctonia solani, and nematodes (Globodera spp.) of potato in the Netherlands are evaluated. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Integrated Control Programs in the Future of Biological Control

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Smith ◽  
Kenneth S. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Future
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