scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Karanja Biodiesel Production in Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Harreh ◽  
A. A. Saleh ◽  
A. N. R. Reddy ◽  
S. Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
One Step ◽  
Karanja Oil

The application of nonedible feedstock for the production of biodiesel has become an area of research interest among clean energy experts in the past few years. This research is aimed at the utilization of Pongamia pinnata (karanja), a nonedible feedstock from the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, to produce biodiesel to be known as crude karanja oil (CKO). A one-step transesterification process utilizing 7 : 1–10 : 1 wt% methanol (CH3OH) and 0.5–1.2 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 65°C for 1.5 hrs has been used for the biodiesel production yielding 84% conversion. The physiochemical properties of the CKO produced revealed that it conforms with EN14214 standards for brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) as they are all noted be optimal at B40.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Using Ethanol-Gasoline in Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Kadhim Fadhil Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Operation Parameter ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
And Performance

The consequence of mixing pure ethanol with gasoline on the pollution and performance of SI engine are investigated experimentally in the existent study. The SI engine that employed in the experiment is a single cylinder four stroke. Analysis is carried out for engine operation parameter, CO2, CO and unburned HC productions. The measurements are recorded for several engine speeds from 1500 – 3000 rpm with load and ethanol addition of (0E, 10E, 20E, 30E, 40E, 50E,). The results displayed increasing in brake power, and brake thermal efficiency while the brake specific fuel consumption decreases when the ethanol- gasoline blends fuel increases. Also it was found that CO, HC, and CO2 concentrations decrease when the ethanol- gasoline increases. The best results obtained in the study is for the blend of E-50.

Use of Ethanol Based Oxygenates for Smoke Reduction in C.I. Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay B. Zodpe ◽  
Nishikant V. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Harmful Effects

Diesel Engines have better fuel economy compared to gasoline engines. Society is now aware of various harmful effects of pollution and various researchers are trying to use fuel reformulation method to meet the forthcoming stringent air pollution norms for the diesel engines. This paper presents an experimental investigation on use of three different low price ethanol based oxygenate-diesel blends (oxygenate 4, 8 and 12% in blend) as an oxygen enriched fuel in diesel engine and its effect on brake thermal efficiency, smoke density and emissions of CO, HC, NOx etc is studied. It was observed that there is substantial reduction in the smoke density of exhaust gases and the observed reduction was found proportional to the mass of oxygen present in the blend. Marginal increase in NOx and brake thermal efficiency was observed and there was no significant change in the brake power of the engine.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Extraction from Chicken Fat and Its Effect on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hariram ◽  
J. Godwin John ◽  
Subramanyeswara Rao ◽  
S. K. Baji Babavali ◽  
S. Muni Lokesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Fuel Blends

This study focuses on the conversion of chicken fat into chicken fat methyl ester (CFME) and its use in the diesel engine. Baseline fuel i.e., diesel and chicken fat biodiesel are the fuels tested to study their effect on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines. To enhance the performance and emission characteristics, ethanol up to 20% is added as an additive to the chicken fat biodiesel. The physiochemical properties revealed that the fuel blends properties are closer to the diesel fuel. The experimental investigations revealed that additive blended biodiesel enhanced the performance by reducing the brake-specific fuel consumption and increasing the brake thermal efficiency. Moreover, the emissions are considerably reduced by the additive blended chicken fat biodiesel. Therefore, chicken fat biodiesel can be considered as a substitute fuel to be used in the diesel engine without any modifications.

Experimental Study of the Effects of Biodiesel on the Performance of a Diesel Power Generator

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Nedayali ◽  
Alireza Shirneshan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Brake Torque ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Iranian Government

Biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines due to environmental and energy concerns. Considering the existing resources in Iran, interests on expansion of biodiesel production and application have been sped up by the Iranian government. So, in this study the effect of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and diesel fuel blends (B0, B20, B50, B80 and B100) on the performance characteristics (brake power, brake torque, BSFC and brake thermal efficiency) of a diesel power generator model CAT3412 was investigated. The experiments were conducted at rated engine speed 1530 r/min and various engine loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The results of the study showed an increase in brake power, brake torque and brake thermal efficiency and a reduction trend in brake-specific fuel consumption at higher engine loads for all the biodiesel-diesel blends. In addition, the research results indicated that B20 and B50 fuel blends in terms of performance characteristics could be recognised as the potential candidates to be certificated for usage in the diesel power generator.

scholarly journals Application of additives with gasoline fuel: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Mayur Jadhav ◽  
Swati Jadhav ◽  
Supriya Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Brake Power

Alternative fuels have become very important nowadays and proving their importance in both positive ignition engines and compression ignition engines, so as to reduce the consumption of gasoline and diesel respectively. Also, blending of these alternative fuels (additives) into gasoline has been proved important in improving various performance parameters and reducing emission parameters. Various studies have been carried out in the field of using additives in gasoline to see the effects on performance parameters like Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency, Volumetric efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Also, this study emphasizes reducing the emissions to the ambient. The aim of this review is to compare and study various additives which can be blended with gasoline and study their effect on performance and emission characteristics of Spark ignition engines.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Primary Membranous Nephropathy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Yan Gu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Damu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
Kidney Glomerulus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
One Step ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Antibody Levels

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease of the kidney glomerulus and one of the leading causes of nephrotic syndrome. The disease exhibits heterogenous outcomes with approximately 30% of cases progressing to end-stage renal disease. The clinical management of MN has steadily advanced owing to the identification of autoantibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in 2009 and thrombospondin domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) in 2014 on the podocyte surface. Approximately 50–80% and 3–5% of primary MN (PMN) cases are associated with either anti-PLA2R or anti-THSD7A antibodies, respectively. The presence of these autoantibodies is used for MN diagnosis; antibody levels correlate with disease severity and possess significant biomarker values in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Importantly, both autoantibodies are causative to MN. Additionally, evidence is emerging that NELL-1 is associated with 5–10% of PMN cases that are PLA2R- and THSD7A-negative, which moves us one step closer to mapping out the full spectrum of PMN antigens. Recent developments suggest exostosin 1 (EXT1), EXT2, NELL-1, and contactin 1 (CNTN1) are associated with MN. Genetic factors and other mechanisms are in place to regulate these factors and may contribute to MN pathogenesis. This review will discuss recent developments over the past 5 years.

scholarly journals The Science of Ageism: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 646-646
Author(s):  
Jerin Lee ◽  
Natalie Shook
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
One Step ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The past two decades have been marked by a rapidly aging population in the U.S. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018), making prejudicial attitudes toward older adults (i.e., ageism) and the impact of such attitudes more relevant. As such, ageism researchers have worked tirelessly to not only understand this normalized and insidious form of bias, but also develop efforts to combat it. This symposium will feature four ageism researchers who will showcase both the growing pains and novel contributions of ageism research, ranging from the impact of ageism on psychological health to ageism interventions to issues related to the measurement of ageism. Specifically, Dr. Ayalon will present findings regarding difficulties with the assessment of exposure to ageism and the consequences of ageism for psychological well-being. Dr. Horhota will share research demonstrating challenges associated with confronting ageism. Dr. Levy will present a model showcasing factors associated with the reduction of ageism. Ms. Lee will discuss research findings examining the construct validity of several ageism measures. These talks highlight theoretical and real-world implications associated with the complex nature of ageism, providing important directions for enriching ageism research going forward.

scholarly journals Synthesis of bifunctional nanocatalyst from waste palm kernel shell and its application for biodiesel production

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 27183-27193
Author(s):  
Rose Fadzilah Abdullah ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Mohd Lokman Ibrahim ◽  
Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
One Step

The potential of bifunctional nanocatalysts obtained from waste palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated for one-step transesterification–esterification under mild conditions.

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