scholarly journals Diversity among Modern Tomato Genotypes at Different Levels in Fresh-Market Breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Bhattarai ◽  
Sadikshya Sharma ◽  
Dilip R. Panthee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Related Wild Species ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Cultivated tomato has been in existence for about 400 years and breeding activities have been conducted for only eight decades. However, more than 10,000 tomato cultivars have already been developed. Ninety-one tomato genotypes were characterized for twenty-one morphological traits using developmental, vegetative, and fruit traits. Correlation, principal component, and cluster analysis between the traits were carried out. Higher correlations between fruit traits including fruit shape, fruit size, and fruit types were observed. These correlations indicate that specific fruit types require specific traits like branched inflorescence and a greater number of fruits per inflorescence are beneficial only for smaller fruit sizes like cherry and grape tomatoes. Contrastingly, traits like determinate growth habit and fruit maturity are preferred in all fruit types of tomato for better cultivation practices and longer production duration and hence showed lower correlations. Principal component analysis clustered tomato genotypes into three main clusters with multiple subgroups. Similar tomato genotypes were placed into one or more clusters confirming the results from correlation analysis. Involvement of private breeding programs in cultivar development has increased the competition on introgression of novel and desired traits across new cultivars. Understanding the diversity present in modern cultivars and potential traits identification in related wild species can enhance tomato diversity and improve quality and production.

scholarly journals Protected Culture Enhances Early Season Strawberry Fruit Yield and Quality in Southern California

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126D-1127
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Kirk Larson
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Field Production

Total and marketable yield, fruit size and fruit rot were evaluated for `Camarosa' and `Ventana' strawberries grown with or without protected culture in southern California in 2003 and 2004. In both years, bareroot transplants were established on 5 Oct. using standard “open field” production methods. Fifty-five days after transplanting, metal posts and arcs were positioned over portions of the field and covered with 0.0324-mm-thick clear polyethylene (Tufflite Thermal, Tyco Plastics, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.) to create “tunnel” structures 5 m wide, 25 m long, and 2.5 m high. Each tunnel covered three contiguous strawberry beds, and experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replications, with individual plots consisting of 20 plants. In 2003, early season (Jan.–1 Apr.) marketable yields in tunnels were 90% and 84% greater than outdoor culture for `Ventana' and `Camarosa', respectively. In 2004, use of tunnels resulted in a 140% marketable yield increase for `Ventana' and 62% for `Camarosa' (Jan.–31 Mar.); however, unusually high temperatures (38 °C) in April resulted in reduced yields in tunnels thereafter. In both years, increased early production coincided with highest fresh market fruit prices, resulting in $5700–7700 greater returns per-acre compared to open field production. For both cultivars, tunnel production resulted in 37% to 63% fewer non-marketable fruit due to less rain damage, better fruit shape, and decreased incidence of gray mold. For all treatments, fruit size decreased as the season progressed and was more pronounced in tunnels after April. Overall, these studies indicate that tunnels have potential for enhancing early-season production and profitability of strawberries in southern California.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMILARITY ANALYSIS OF 15 TOMATO GENOTYPES IN LOWLANDS BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helfi Eka Saputra ◽  
Muhammad Syukur ◽  
Syarifah Iis Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

This study aimed to obtain information about the characteristics of 15 genotypes and to study a genetic similarity of each genotype that will be used for producing superior tomato varieties in lowlands. The research was conducted from March to August 2012 at the Experimental Field Leuwikopo Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Bogor. The experiment used The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using a single factor of genotype with three replications. Characterization and similarity analysis used the method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis of tomato genotypes, it can be classified into three groups: group I (IPBT1, IPBT4, IPBT8, IPBT13, IPBT58, IPBT83 and IPBT84), Group II (IPBT3, IPBT23, IPBT30, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT53 and IPBT57) and group III (IPBT80). Characters with an influence on the genetic diversity of each component are the size of the cork layer between the scar stalk and the size of the center of the fruit in transverse slices. The genotypes with a high genetic similarity were IPBT1 and IPBT8, while IPBT30 with IPBT80 had a low genetic similarity

scholarly journals Origin and evolution of cultivated cucurbits

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Plant Families

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) are among the most important plant families supplying humans with edible products and useful fibers. Plants of this family are very similar in above ground development, but they have high genetic diversity for fruit shape and other fruit characteristics, resulting in a variety of uses. The objective of this review was to discuss the origin and evolution of the most important cultivated cucurbits. Understanding the evolutionary history and domestication process increase the possibility for better exploiting the genetic diversity for cultivar development. The domestication selection in cucurbits was for shape, less bitter flesh, larger and fewer seeds, and larger fruit size, resulting in high genetic diversity within and among cultivated species. This variation can be associated with the wide range of uses that require different shape, size and a constant ratio between fruit length and fruit diameter. The discussion of the breeding history indicates how artificial selection could speed up changes in fruit characteristics to attend specific uses and increase adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions in which cucurbits are growing worldwide. Although interspecific hybridization has been employed in cucurbit breeding more than in any other family, there is still a high potential for increasing its application for germplasm and cultivar development.

scholarly journals Variability and Grouping of Northwestern Spanish Chestnut Cultivars. I. Morphological Traits

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pereira-Lorenzo ◽  
J. Fernández-López ◽  
J. Moreno-González
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Different chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars are at present grown in the region of Galicia, northwestern Spain, but no distinguishing traits among cultivars have been defined so far. The objectives of this research were to 1) describe the intra and intercultivar variability of chestnut cultivars; 2) define primary morphological traits to be useful for a simple morphological classification system of the cultivars; and 3) study the association between some environmental variables and the morphological traits. Seventeen morphological traits in a sample of 373 trees belonging to 82 local cultivars of chestnut were studied by methods of numerical taxonomy, principal component and cluster analysis. These traits were selected from 135 previously studied as having possible discriminating taxonomic value. Significant variability among cultivars and among trees within cultivars was found for most of the traits. The trees were grouped according to the degree of dissimilarity on the basis of the Mahalanobis generalized distance. Most of the clones collected under a specific cultivar name were included within the same cluster group enabling us to classify 53 of the cultivars studied. A hierarchical classification system that identifies eight cultivar groups is proposed based on four discriminating levels: nut size, fruit shape, male flower type and length of burr spines. Most of the correlations between the environmental variables and the morphological traits were no significant or had a low value. The lack of correlation between the environmental variables and nut size indicates that this important trait is under strong genetic control, it is not influenced by environmental conditions and it is consistent throughout the area sampled.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of GLOBE, a major gene controlling fruit shape and impacting fruit size and marketability in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Sierra-Orozco ◽  
Reza Shekasteband ◽  
Eudald Illa-Berenguer ◽  
Ashley Snouffer ◽  
Esther van der Knaap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
A Genome

AbstractWithin large-fruited germplasm, fruit size is influenced by flat and globe shapes. Whereas flat fruits are smaller and retain better marketability, globe fruits are larger and more prone to cuticle disorders. Commercial hybrids are often developed from crosses between flat and globe shaped parents because flat shape is thought to be dominant and fruit size intermediate. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of flat/globe fruit shape in large-fruited fresh-market tomato germplasm and to characterize its effects on several fruit traits. Twenty-three advanced single plant selections from the Fla. 8000 × Fla. 8111B cross were selectively genotyped using a genome-wide SNP array, and inclusive composite interval mapping identified a single locus on the upper arm of chromosome 12 associated with shape, which we termed globe. A 238-plant F2 population and 69 recombinant inbred lines for this region from the same parents delimited globe to approximately 392-kilobases. A germplasm survey representing materials from multiple breeding programs demonstrated that the locus explains the flat/globe shape broadly. A single base insertion in an exon of Solyc12g006860, a gene annotated as a brassinosteroid hydroxylase, segregated completely with shape in all populations tested. CRISPR/Cas9 knock out plants confirmed this gene as underlying the globe locus. In silico analysis of the mutant allele of GLOBE among 595 wild and domesticated accessions suggested that the allele arose very late in the domestication process. Fruit measurements in three genetic backgrounds evidenced that globe impacts fruit size and several fruit shape attributes, pedicel length/width, and susceptibility of fruit to weather check. The mutant allele of GLOBE appears mostly recessive for all traits except fruit size where it acts additively.

scholarly journals Diallel cross analysis for fruit traits in watermelon

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga ◽  
Mirjana Vasic ◽  
Dragan Milic ◽  
Janko Cervenski
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
High Sugar Content

Current demands of consumers and thus producers are important when targeting watermelon breeding programs, especially in programs aimed at improvement of fruit traits. A complete diallel set has been investigated for breeding values of six watermelon lines, via general and specific combining ability, relationships between general and specific combining ability, heritability and heterosis for fruit size, rind thickness, soluble solids and fruit shape. The lines P2 and P4 were good general combiners for fruit size. These lines also had high values of specific combining ability in direct and reciprocal crosses. The lines with negative general combining ability for fruit size (P1 and P5) can be used in breeding for small fruits (4-6 kg), good taste (high sugar content), desired rind thickness, desired fruit form and high fruit ratio. Relationships between general and specific combining ability indicated that the additive effect played an important role in the expression of fruit weight, rind thickness and sugar content, while fruit shape was inherited incompletely dominantly.

scholarly journals Agro-Morphological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Characterization of a Tunisian Chili Pepper Germplasm Collection

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Karima Lahbib ◽  
Samia Dabbou ◽  
Fethi Bnejdi ◽  
Gaetano Pandino ◽  
Sara Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Biochemical Traits

Pepper species have been described as being highly sensitive to climate change. Here, we discuss the variability of the agro-morphological and phytochemical responses of pepper cultivars in the context of ongoing climate changes during seven stages of maturity, including heat stress. The effects and interactions were calculated to determine the source of variation according to rising temperature. Capsaicin content (CAP), total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) levels and antioxidant activity (AA) were also determined at different harvest times (at 10, 25, 40, 55, 70, 85 and 100 days after anthesis, DAA). Agro-morphological data showed that the highest variation was recorded for fruit traits compared to flower and plant ones. In particular, calyx shape margin, calyx annular constriction, fruit shape at blossom end and fruit size had a significant impact on the morphologic diversity among accessions. Levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity depended on the genotype and the harvest time. TPC and AA increased at 100 DAA, while TFC were highly detected at the early harvest. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to separate three clusters with well-defined biochemical traits. In particular, regardless of harvest time, Baklouti Chébika, Baklouti Sbikha and Chaabani accessions presented higher levels of TPC, TFC and AA regardless of the considered harvest time. In conclusion, high genetic variability was noted within the analyzed pepper germplasm, thus suggesting the need for major consideration of both agro-morphological and biochemical traits for pepper breeding programs. The current research was conducted to facilitate better management under high-stress conditions due to global warming

The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah A. ◽  
Winingsih W. ◽  
Soebara Y S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.

scholarly journals Four-Year Study on the Bio-Agronomic Response of Biotypes of Capparis spinosa L. on the Island of Linosa (Italy)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Salvatore La Bella ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Mario Licata ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The caper plant is widespread in Sicily (Italy) both wild in natural habitats and as specialized crops, showing considerable morphological variation. However, although contributing to a thriving market, innovation in caper cropping is low. The aim of the study was to evaluate agronomic and production behavior of some biotypes of Capparis spinosa L. subsp. rupestris, identified on the Island of Linosa (Italy) for growing purposes. Two years and seven biotypes of the species were tested in a randomized complete block design. The main morphological and production parameters were determined. Phenological stages were also observed. Analysis of variance showed high variability between the biotypes. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis highlighted a clear distinction between biotypes based on biometric and production characteristics. Production data collected in the two-year period 2007–2008 showed the greatest production levels in the third year following planting in 2005. In particular, biotype SCP1 had the highest average value (975.47 g) of flower bud consistency. Our results permitted the identification of biotypes of interest for the introduction into new caper fields. Further research is needed in order to characterize caper biotypes in terms of the chemical composition of the flower buds and fruits.

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