scholarly journals Pedestrian Patterns at Railway Platforms during Boarding: Evidence from a Case Study in Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Dell’Asin ◽  
Johannes Hool
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Railway System

The boarding/alighting process at railway platforms is an important determinant of the railway system performance and depends on the characteristics of passengers, the layout of the platform, and the rolling stock. This research aims to increase the understanding of the process, providing a methodological approach to model the passengers’ behaviour when boarding at railway platforms. Adequate criteria were selected to define the so called “boarding cluster” and an easy mechanism was developed to select the boarding clusters. Passenger flow data collected at Bern railway station in Switzerland was used to test the proposed approach. The results show that (a) the clusters near the doors grow in the longitudinal direction with a rate of 6:1 between the length and width of clusters, and that (b) the growth curves rise quickly when clusters are still small, i.e., at the beginning of the boarding/alighting activity. Further research is needed to extend the validation of the model, considering other variables, such as critical pedestrian densities which occur at specific hot spots near obstacles at platforms.

TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE IN THE RAILWAY SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane da Silva Christo ◽  
Leandro Paixão Petruccelli ◽  
Kelly Alonso Costa
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Total Productive Maintenance ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Railway System

This study aims to evaluate the need for a change in the maintenance philosophy used for the permanent route of the railway concession that provides the service for rail passengers in a metropolitan region. It also examines the need for production improvement, due to the requirement for a change in the rolling stock. The technique of total productive maintenance and its indicators are applied to evaluate the procedure for replacement of sleepers in narrow gauge lines. The history of the railway in Brazil is also presented, together with citations on the components of railway systems, the permanent way and a case study showing the strategy chosen in order to reduce the time for improvements by more than 10%.

scholarly journals The Problem of Train Scheduling in the Context of the Load on the Power Supply Infrastructure. A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4781
Author(s):  
Szymon Haładyn
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
System Use ◽  
Railway System

This article deals with the new challenges facing modernising railways in Poland. We look at the problem of the efficiency of the power supply system (3 kV DC) used in the context of the increasing use of electric vehicles, which have a higher demand for electricity than the old type. We present and characterise the power supply system in use, pointing out its weaknesses. We consider a case study. The load of the power supply network generated by the rolling stock used in Poland was examined using a microsimulation. A real train timetable was taken into account on a fragment of one of the most important railway line sections in one of the urban agglomerations. Then the results were compared with the results of a microsimulation in which old units were replaced by new trains. These tests were carried out in several variants. We found critical points in the scheduling of railway system use. Our results indicate that it is becoming increasingly necessary to take into account the permissible load capacity of the supply network in certain traffic situations in the process of timetable construction.

scholarly journals A New Radiological Risk Containment Procedure in Potentially Contaminated Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Valentina Venuti ◽  
Salvatore Procopio ◽  
Michelangelo Iannone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Good State ◽  
Orphan Sources

A new radiological risk containment procedure, developed to manage the radiological risk in potentially contaminated areas, is presented here. This new methodological approach, systematically employed in sampling and site inspection activities in unknown areas from an environmental point of view, allowed the discovery of eight 226Ra orphan sources buried under the road surface, in a good state of conservation, in an industrial area of the Calabrian territory, southern Italy, and they are reported here as a case study. For workers performing sampling activities in areas for which information regarding the possible presence of contaminated material is missing, an in situ radiometric check is usually carried out as a potential radiological risk prevention, by measuring the levels of environmental radioactivity. Other than this, the procedure described in this article includes, as novelty, a series of progressive operations never carried out before all together for outdoor activities: the assessment of the presence (if any) of hot spots by recording radiometric anomalies, outdoor gamma spectrometry measurements in order to identify the radionuclides generating those anomalies, the sources unearthing activities, the management of the material found and the application of a risk containment protocol.

scholarly journals Assessment of the photovoltaic potential at urban level based on 3D city models: A case study and new methodological approach

Solar Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Romero Rodríguez ◽  
Eric Duminil ◽  
José Sánchez Ramos ◽  
Ursula Eicker
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
City Models

scholarly journals Methods for conducting international Delphi surveys to optimise global participation in core outcome set development: a case study in gastric cancer informed by a comprehensive literature review

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Alkhaffaf ◽  
Jane M. Blazeby ◽  
Aleksandra Metryka ◽  
Anne-Marie Glenny ◽  
Ademola Adeyeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Core Outcome Set ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
International Participation

Abstract Background Core outcome sets (COS) should be relevant to key stakeholders and widely applicable and usable. Ideally, they are developed for international use to allow optimal data synthesis from trials. Electronic Delphi surveys are commonly used to facilitate global participation; however, this has limitations. It is common for these surveys to be conducted in a single language potentially excluding those not fluent in that tongue. The aim of this study is to summarise current approaches for optimising international participation in Delphi studies and make recommendations for future practice. Methods A comprehensive literature review of current approaches to translating Delphi surveys for COS development was undertaken. A standardised methodology adapted from international guidance derived from 12 major sets of translation guidelines in the field of outcome reporting was developed. As a case study, this was applied to a COS project for surgical trials in gastric cancer to translate a Delphi survey into 7 target languages from regions active in gastric cancer research. Results Three hundred thirty-two abstracts were screened and four studies addressing COS development in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, vascular malformations and polypharmacy were eligible for inclusion. There was wide variation in methodological approaches to translation, including the number of forward translations, the inclusion of back translation, the employment of cognitive debriefing and how discrepancies and disagreements were handled. Important considerations were identified during the development of the gastric cancer survey including establishing translation groups, timelines, understanding financial implications, strategies to maximise recruitment and regulatory approvals. The methodological approach to translating the Delphi surveys was easily reproducible by local collaborators and resulted in an additional 637 participants to the 315 recruited to complete the source language survey. Ninety-nine per cent of patients and 97% of healthcare professionals from non-English-speaking regions used translated surveys. Conclusion Consideration of the issues described will improve planning by other COS developers and can be used to widen international participation from both patients and healthcare professionals.

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