scholarly journals Clinical Significance and Biological Role of HuR in Head and Neck Carcinomas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Levidou ◽  
Ioly Kotta-Loizou ◽  
Jason Tasoulas ◽  
Thomas Papadopoulos ◽  
Stamatios Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinomas ◽  
Present Information ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hu Antigen R

Background. Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a posttranscriptional regulator of several target mRNAs, implicated in carcinogenesis. This review aims to present the current evidence regarding the biological role and potential clinical significance of HuR in head and neck carcinomas. Methods. The existing literature concerning HuR expression and function in head and neck carcinomas is critically presented and summarised. Results. HuR is expressed in the majority of the examined samples, showing higher cytoplasmic levels in malignant or premalignant cases. Moreover, HuR modulates several genes implicated in biological processes important for malignant transformation, growth, and invasiveness. HuR seems to be an adverse prognosticator in patients with OSCCs, whereas a correlation with a more aggressive phenotype is reported in several types of carcinomas. Conclusions. A consistent role of HuR in the carcinogenesis and progression of head and neck carcinomas is suggested; nevertheless, further studies are warranted to expand the present information.

scholarly journals The Role of Pulmonary Resection in Tumors Metastatic from Head and Neck Carcinomas

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daiko ◽  
K. Nagai ◽  
J. Yoshida ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
T. Hishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Pulmonary Resection ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinomas

scholarly journals Viperin catalyzes methionine oxidation to promote protein expression and function of helicases

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Bai ◽  
Jiazhen Dong ◽  
Zhenqiu Liu ◽  
Youliang Rao ◽  
Pinghui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Methionine Oxidation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Helicases play pivotal roles in fundamental biological processes, and posttranslational modifications regulate the localization, function, and stability of helicases. Here, we report that methionine oxidation of representative helicases, including DNA and RNA helicases of viral (ORF44 of KSHV) and cellular (MCM7 and RIG-I) origin, promotes their expression and functions. Cellular viperin, a major antiviral interferon-stimulated gene whose functions beyond host defense remain largely unknown, catalyzes the methionine oxidation of these helicases. Moreover, biochemical studies entailing loss-of-function mutations of helicases and a pharmacological inhibitor interfering with lipid metabolism and, hence, decreasing viperin activity indicate that methionine oxidation potently increases the stability and enzyme activity of these helicases that are critical for DNA replication and immune activation. Our work uncovers a pivotal role of viperin in catalyzing the methionine oxidation of helicases that are implicated in diverse fundamental biological processes.

MicroRNA: Potential biomarker and target of therapy in acute lung injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1442
Author(s):  
Z-F Jiang ◽  
L Zhang ◽  
J Shen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Indirect Injury

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs stretching over 18–22 nucleotides and considered to be modifiers of many respiratory diseases. They are highly evolutionary conserved and have been implicated in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, among others. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal disease commonly caused by direct or indirect injury factors and has a high mortality rate in intensive care unit. Changes in expression of several types of miRNAs have been reported in patients with ALI. Some miRNAs suppress cellular injury and accelerate the recovery of ALI by targeting specific molecules and decreasing excessive immune response. For this reason, miRNAs are proposed as potential biomarkers for ALI and as therapeutic targets for this disease. This review summarizes current evidence supporting the role of miRNAs in ALI.

scholarly journals The Role of Phosphotyrosine Signaling Pathway in Parotid Gland Proliferation and Function

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Purushotham ◽  
M.G. Humphreys-Beher
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Phosphotyrosine Signaling ◽  
And Function ◽  
Active Proliferation

Tyrosine phosphorylation and the intracellular signaling processes associated with it have been the focus of intense study due to its importance in the regulation of biological processes as diverse as cell proliferation and cell differentiation. While much of what we now understand has been derived from the study of cell lines and tumor cells, the salivary glands provide a model to examine the effects of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases in a normal differentiated tissue. This review will focus, therefore, on the role tyrosine kinases and phosphatases play in inducing the transition from stasis to active proliferation and their potential role in mediating secretory function of the salivary glands.

The role of re-irradiation of secondary and recurrent head and neck carcinomas. Is it a potentially curative treatment? A practical approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Cacicedo ◽  
Arturo Navarro ◽  
Filippo Alongi ◽  
Alfonso Gómez de Iturriaga ◽  
Olga del Hoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinomas ◽  
Recurrent Head

scholarly journals Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyla A. Callaghan ◽  
Samuel Alatorre-Hinojosa ◽  
Liam T. Connors ◽  
Radha D. Singh ◽  
Jennifer A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
And Function

Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.

scholarly journals The Role of RNA Methylation in Regulating Stem Cell Fate and Function-Focus on m6A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qingli Bie ◽  
Na Ma ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function

The biological role of RNA methylation in stem cells has attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays a crucial role in self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity of stem cells. In this review, we focus on the biological role of RNA methylation modifications including N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and uridylation in embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and cancer stem cells, so as to provide new insights into the potential innovative treatments of cancer or other complex diseases.

Dietary and Physiological Effects of Zinc on the Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Wessels ◽  
Henrike Josephine Fischer ◽  
Lothar Rink
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Broad Overview

Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes the role of zinc in fundamental biological processes and summarizes our current knowledge of zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into immune cell subtypes. In addition, the important role of zinc during activation and function of immune cells is detailed and associated with the specific immune responses to bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The association of zinc with autoimmune reactions and cancers as diseases with increased or decreased immune responses is also discussed. This article provides a broad overview of the manifold roles that zinc, or its deficiency, plays in physiology and during various diseases. Consequently, we discuss why zinc supplementation should be considered, especially for people at risk of deficiency. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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