scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma of the Central Nervous System: 13 Cases and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Varga ◽  
Gábor Mikala ◽  
László Gopcsa ◽  
Zoltán Csukly ◽  
Sarolta Kollai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Central nervous system involvement is a rare complication of multiple myeloma with extremely poor prognosis as it usually fails to respond to therapy. We present 13 cases diagnosed at two centers in Budapest and review the current literature. The majority of our cases presented with high-risk features initially; two had plasma cell leukemia. Repeated genetic tests showed clonal evolution in 3 cases. Treatments varied according to the era, and efficacy was poor as generally reported in the literature. Only one patient is currently alive, with 3-month follow-up, and the patient responded to daratumumab-based treatment. Recent case reports show promising effectivity of pomalidomide and marizomib.

Use of rituximab in lymphomatoid granulomatosis with isolated central nervous system involvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e235412
Author(s):  
Jesse Mooneyham ◽  
Cesar Gentille ◽  
Andrea Barbieri ◽  
Shilpan Shah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis ◽  
Vasogenic Oedema ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A 33-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with severe headaches. A CT scan of the head revealed two brain lesions with associated vasogenic oedema. Diagnostic resection of one of the lesions followed by pathological analysis revealed grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). Staging investigations elsewhere in the body were negative, isolating this case of LYG to the central nervous system, an atypical presentation. After the resection, she was treated with single-agent rituximab 375 mg/m2. The follow-up MRI demonstrated the resolution of brain lesions and no progression of the disease.

Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system: Two case reports and review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Lee Kresak ◽  
Johnny Nguyen ◽  
Kondi Wong ◽  
Richard Davis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Involvement from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3408
Author(s):  
Giulia Scotto ◽  
Fulvio Borella ◽  
Margherita Turinetto ◽  
Valentina Tuninetti ◽  
Anna A. Valsecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among women affected by gynaecological malignancies. Most patients show advanced disease at diagnosis (FIGO stage III-IV) and, despite the introduction of new therapeutic options, most women experience relapses. In most cases, recurrence is abdominal-pelvic; however, EOC can occasionally metastasize to distant organs, including the central nervous system. The incidence of brain metastases (BMs) from EOC is low, but it has grown over time; currently, there are no follow-up strategies available. In the last decade, a few biomarkers able to predict the risk of developing BMs from OC or as potential therapeutic targets have been investigated by several authors; to date, none have entered clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to offer a summary on the role of the most relevant predictors of central nervous system (CNS) involvement (hormone receptors; BRCA; MRD1; PD-1/PD-L1) and to highlight possible therapeutic strategies for the management of metastatic brain disease in EOC

Temporal Soft Tissue Glioneuronal Heterotopia in a Child with a Seizure Disorder: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ozolek ◽  
Joseph E. Losee ◽  
Thelma C. Lopes ◽  
Csaba Galambos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Scalp Mass ◽  
Glioneuronal Heterotopia

Tissue and cellular elements generally attributed to the central nervous system (CNS) are infrequently found in areas outside the CNS proper. Most of these lesions contain predominantly glial tissue. In rare instances, heterotopic CNS tissue is found in the scalp, many associated with an intracranial connection and overlying skin and hair anomalies. In follow-up of these patients, development is normal. We present a case of a temporal scalp mass in a 19-month-old girl with a seizure disorder beginning at about age 1 year. At the time of excision, the mass was not associated with intracranial connection or overlying cutaneous abnormalities and demonstrated abundant neuronal and glial elements with features of dysplastic CNS tissue. We speculate that, in certain circumstances, aberrantly localized CNS tissue may be related to abnormal CNS development.

scholarly journals Treatment of secondary central nervous system involvement in systemic aggressive B cell lymphoma using R-MIADD chemotherapy: a single-center study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Wu ◽  
Xuefei Sun ◽  
Xueyan Bai ◽  
Jun Qian ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Secondary Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is defined as lymphoma involvement within the central nervous system (CNS) that originated elsewhere, or a CNS relapse of systemic lymphoma. Prognosis of SCNSL is poor and the most appropriate treatment is still undetermined. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to assess the feasibility of an R-MIADD (rituximab, high-dose methotrexate, ifosfamide, cytarabine, liposomal formulation of doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) regimen for SCNSL patients. Results Nineteen patients with newly diagnosed CNS lesions were selected, with a median age of 58 (range 20 to 72) years. Out of 19 patients, 11 (57.9%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 2 (10.5%) achieved partial remission (PR); the overall response rate was 68.4%. The median progression-free survival after CNS involvement was 28.0 months (95% confidence interval 11.0–44.9), and the median overall survival after CNS involvement was 34.5 months. Treatment-related death occurred in one patient (5.3%). Conclusions These single-centered data underscore the feasibility of an R-MIADD regimen as the induction therapy of SCNSL, further investigation is warranted.

Solitary Fibrous Tumors in the Central Nervous System

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Tihan ◽  
Michael Viglione ◽  
Marc K. Rosenblum ◽  
Alessandro Olivi ◽  
Peter C. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Clinicopathologic Features ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracranial Metastases

Abstract Context.—Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system are rare neoplasms that usually present as dura-based masses and clinically resemble meningiomas. Histologically, they can be similar to fibrous meningioma or hemangiopericytoma (HPC). In particular, densely cellular regions seen in some SFTs can be indistinguishable from HPC. Little is known about the biological behavior of SFTs, although most seem amenable to total resection. Objectives.—To define the clinicopathologic spectrum of SFTs in the central nervous system and to outline their differences from HPC and meningioma. Design.—We present the clinicopathologic features of 18 patients with SFT and compare them with those of an age- and sex-matched cohort of HPCs. Results.—Eleven SFTs were supratentorial, 3 were infratentorial, and 4 were intraspinal. Four of the 18 tumors were intra-axial (2 in the lateral ventricles and 2 within the spinal cord). Histologically, SFTs were similar to their soft tissue counterparts. Six tumors (6/18) had densely cellular regions, and 1 tumor showed frankly anaplastic features. All but 3 patients underwent gross total resection, and there were no metastases or tumor-related mortalities during the median follow-up of 40 months. In contrast, there were 15 local recurrences (83%), 5 extracranial metastases (27%), and 4 tumor-related deaths (22%) in the HPC cohort. Conclusions.—Our study presents the clinicopathologic features of SFT as a distinct entity from both meningioma and HPC. We also present unusual examples of anaplastic, intraventricular, and intramedullary spinal SFTs that expand the clinicopathologic spectrum of these uncommon and sometimes diagnostically difficult neoplasms.

CHRONIC LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Harry H. White ◽  
Fred D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lead Encephalopathy ◽  
Urinary Coproporphyrin

Chronic lead encephalopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients who present with manifestations of schizophrenia, behavior disorders or degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Determination of urinary coproporphyrin is a simple, fast screening procedure applicable to office practice. The prognosis for normal mental development following encephalopathy is poor. It is hoped that early recognition of the more subtle signs of central nervous system involvement will allow treatment to be instituted soon enough to prevent the crippling mental deterioration which is so often a sequela of lead poisoning.

scholarly journals The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Miroslav M. Odinak ◽  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)

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