scholarly journals Characterization of Erythromycin and Tetracycline Resistance in Lactobacillus fermentum Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Anisimova ◽  
Dina Yarullina
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Lactobacillus fermentum colonizing gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of humans and animals is widely used in manufacturing of fermented products and as probiotics. These bacteria may function as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, monitoring and control of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants in these microorganisms is necessary to approve their safety status. The aim of this study was to characterize erythromycin and tetracycline resistance of L. fermentum isolates and to estimate the potential transfer of resistance genes from lactobacilli to the other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among six L. fermentum strains isolated from human feces and commercial dairy products, five strains demonstrated phenotypic resistance to tetracycline. PCR screening for antibiotic resistance determinants revealed plasmid-located tetracycline resistance genes tet(K) and tet(M) in all strains and erythromycin resistance genes erm(B) in the chromosome of L. fermentum 5-1 and erm(C) in the plasmid of L. fermentum 3-4. All tested lactobacilli lacked conjugative transposon Tn916 and were not able to transfer tetracycline resistance genes to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, and Escherichia coli by filter mating. Staphylococcus haemolyticus did not accept erythromycin resistance genes from corresponding Lactobacillus strains. Thus, in the present study, L. fermentum was not implicated in the spread of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance, but still these strains pose the threat to the environment and human health because they harbored erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in their plasmids and therefore should not be used in foods and probiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains of Potential Use as Feed Additives - The Basic Safety and Usefulness Criterion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Stefańska ◽  
Ewelina Kwiecień ◽  
Katarzyna Jóźwiak-Piasecka ◽  
Monika Garbowska ◽  
Marian Binek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Safety Criterion ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance

The spread of resistance to antibiotics is a major health concern worldwide due to the increasing rate of isolation of multidrug resistant pathogens hampering the treatment of infections. The food chain has been recognized as one of the key routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans. Considering that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could act as a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, LAB strains intended to be used as feed additives should be monitored for their safety. Sixty-five LAB strains which might be potentially used as probiotic feed additives or silage inoculants, were assessed for susceptibility to eight clinically relevant antimicrobials by a minimum inhibitory concentration determination. Among antimicrobial resistant strains, a prevalence of selected genes associated with the acquired resistance was investigated. Nineteen LAB strains displayed phenotypic resistance to one antibiotic, and 15 strains were resistant to more than one of the tested antibiotics. The resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were the most prevalent and were found in 37 and 26% of the studied strains, respectively. Phenotypic resistance to other antimicrobials was found in single strains. Determinants related to resistance phenotypes were detected in 15 strains as follows, the aph(3″)-IIIa gene in 9 strains, the lnu(A) gene in three strains, the str(A)-str(B), erm(B), msr(C), and tet(M) genes in two strains and the tet(K) gene in one strain. The nucleotide sequences of the detected genes revealed homology to the sequences of the transmissible resistance genes found in lactic acid bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria. Our study highlights that LAB may be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants, thus, the first and key step in considering the usefulness of LAB strains as feed additives should be an assessment of their antibiotic resistance. This safety criterion should always precede more complex studies, such as an assessment of adaptability of a strain or its beneficial effect on a host. These results would help in the selection of the best LAB strains for use as feed additives. Importantly, presented data can be useful for revising the current microbiological cut-off values within the genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.

scholarly journals Incidence, Distribution, and Spread of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants and Integron-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes among Motile Aeromonads from a Fish Farming Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5675-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja S. Schmidt ◽  
Morten S. Bruun ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Jens L. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT A collection of 313 motile aeromonads isolated at Danish rainbow trout farms was analyzed to identify some of the genes involved in high levels of antimicrobial resistance found in a previous field trial (A. S. Schmidt, M. S. Bruun, I. Dalsgaard, K. Pedersen, and J. L. Larsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4908–4915, 2000), the predominant resistance phenotype (37%) being a combined oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulphadiazine/trimethoprim resistance. Combined sulphonamide/trimethoprim resistance (135 isolates) appeared closely related to the presence of a class 1 integron (141 strains). Among the isolates containing integrons, four different combinations of integrated resistance gene cassettes occurred, in all cases including a dihydrofolate reductase gene and a downstream aminoglycoside resistance insert (87 isolates) and occasionally an additional chloramphenicol resistance gene cassette (31 isolates). In addition, 23 isolates had “empty” integrons without inserted gene cassettes. As far as OTC resistance was concerned, only 66 (30%) out of 216 resistant aeromonads could be assigned to resistance determinant class A (19 isolates), D (n = 6), or E (n = 39); three isolates contained two tetracycline resistance determinants (AD, AE, and DE). Forty OTC-resistant isolates containing large plasmids were selected as donors in a conjugation assay, 27 of which also contained a class 1 integron. Out of 17 successful R-plasmid transfers to Escherichia coli recipients, the respective integrons were cotransferred along with the tetracycline resistance determinants in 15 matings. Transconjugants were predominantly tetApositive (10 of 17) and contained class 1 integrons with two or more inserted antibiotic resistance genes. While there appeared to be a positive correlation between conjugative R-plasmids andtetA among the OTC-resistant aeromonads, tetEand the unclassified OTC resistance genes as well as class 1 integrons were equally distributed among isolates with and without plasmids. These findings indicate the implication of other mechanisms of gene transfer besides plasmid transfer in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among environmental motile aeromonads.

Characterization of staphylococci contaminating automated teller machines in Hong Kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZHANG ◽  
M. O'DONONGHUE ◽  
M. V. BOOST
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Resistance Determinants

SUMMARYEnvironmental staphylococcal contamination was investigated by culture of 400 automated teller machines (ATMs). Isolates were characterized for antibiotic and antiseptic susceptibility, carriage of antiseptic resistance genes (QAC genes), and spa types. MRSA, which was similar to local clinical isolates, was present on two (0·5%) of the 62 (15·5%) ATMs that yielded Staphylococcus aureus. QAC genes were more common in coagulase-negative staphylococci (qacA/B 26·0%, smr 14%) than S. aureus (11·3% qacA/B, 1·6% smr). QAC-positive isolates had significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations to benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate. QAC gene presence was significantly associated with methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Survival of staphylococci, including MRSA, on common access sites may be facilitated by low disinfectant concentrations, which select for disinfectant-tolerant strains, while co-selecting for antibiotic-resistance determinants. Disinfection procedures should be performed correctly to help prevent spread of resistant pathogens from reservoirs in the community.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci in American Bison (Bison bison) from a Nature Preserve Compared to That of Enterococci in Pastured Cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Torrey D. Parrish ◽  
Mastura Akhtar ◽  
Ludek Zurek ◽  
Helmut Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
Nature Preserve ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus

ABSTRACT Enterococci isolated from a bison population on a native tall-grass prairie preserve in Kansas were characterized and compared to enterococci isolated from pastured cattle. The species diversity was dominated by Enterococcus casseliflavus in bison (62.4%), while Enterococcus hirae was the most common isolate from cattle (39.7%). Enterococcus faecalis was the second most common species isolated from bison (16%). In cattle, E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated at lower percentages (3.2% and 1.6%, respectively). No resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, or high levels of vancomycin was detected from either source. Tetracycline and erythromycin resistance phenotypes, encoded by tetO and ermB, respectively, were common in cattle isolates (42.9% and 12.7%, respectively). A significant percentage of bison isolates (8% and 4%, respectively) were also resistant to these two antibiotics. The tetracycline resistance genes from both bison and cattle isolates resided on mobile genetic elements and showed a transfer frequency of 10−6 per donor, whereas erythromycin resistance was not transferable. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was found to be higher in enterococci from bison (14.4%) than in enterococci isolated from cattle (9.5%). The bison population can serve as a sentinel population for studying the spread and origin of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals High Frequency and Diversity of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in the Microbiota of Broiler Chickens in Tunisia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Antonietta Di Francesco ◽  
Daniela Salvatore ◽  
Sonia Sakhria ◽  
Elena Catelli ◽  
Caterina Lupini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Tet Genes

Tetracycline resistance is still considered one of the most abundant antibiotic resistances among pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes in broiler chickens in Tunisia, and this was done by PCR. Individual cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens were collected at two slaughterhouses in the governorate of Ben Arous (Grand Tunis, Tunisia). Chickens were from 7 farms and belonged to 13 lots consisting of 15 animals randomly selected. DNA was extracted and tested for 14 tet genes. All the lots examined were positive for at least 9 tet genes, with an average number of 11 tet genes per lot. Of the 195 animals tested, 194 (99%) were positive for one or more tet genes. Tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O) genes were found in 98% of the samples, followed by tet(A) in 90.2%, tet(K) in 88.7% and tet(Q) in 80%. These results confirm the antimicrobial resistance impact in the Tunisian poultry sector and suggest the urgent need to establish a robust national antimicrobial resistance monitoring plan. Furthermore, the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes directly in biological samples seems to be a useful means for epidemiological investigations of the spread of resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Genetically Diverse, Nonselected, and Nonclinical Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diverse Human and Animal Sources

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2503-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bryan ◽  
Nir Shapir ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT Nonselected and natural populations of Escherichia coli from 12 animal sources and humans were examined for the presence and types of 14 tetracycline resistance determinants. Of 1,263 unique E. coli isolates from humans, pigs, chickens, turkeys, sheep, cows, goats, cats, dogs, horses, geese, ducks, and deer, 31% were highly resistant to tetracycline. More than 78, 47, and 41% of the E. coli isolates from pigs, chickens, and turkeys were resistant or highly resistant to tetracycline, respectively. Tetracycline MICs for 61, 29, and 29% of E. coli isolates from pig, chickens, and turkeys, respectively, were ≥233 μg/ml. Muliplex PCR analyses indicated that 97% of these strains contained at least 1 of 14 tetracycline resistance genes [tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, tetS, tetA(P), tetQ, and tetX] examined. While the most common genes found in these isolates were tetB (63%) and tetA (35%), tetC, tetD, and tetM were also found. E. coli isolates from pigs and chickens were the only strains to have tetM. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of tetM in E. coli.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistomes discovered in the gut microbiomes of Korean swine and cattle

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Kyung Lim ◽  
Dongjun Kim ◽  
Dong-Chan Moon ◽  
Youna Cho ◽  
Mina Rho
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Term Evolution

Abstract Background Antibiotics administered to farm animals have led to increasing prevalence of resistance genes in different microbiomes and environments. While antibiotic treatments help cure infectious diseases in farm animals, the possibility of spreading antibiotic resistance genes into the environment and human microbiomes raises significant concerns. Through long-term evolution, antibiotic resistance genes have mutated, thereby complicating the resistance problems. Results In this study, we performed deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 36 swine and 41 cattle in Korean farms, and metagenomic analysis to understand the diversity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes. We found that aminoglycoside, β-lactam, lincosamide, streptogramin, and tetracycline were the prevalent resistance determinants in both swine and cattle. Tetracycline resistance was abundant and prevalent in cattle and swine. Specifically, tetQ, tetW, tetO, tet32, and tet44 were the 5 most abundant and prevalent tetracycline resistance genes. Their prevalence was almost 100% in swine and cattle. While tetQ was similarly abundant in both swine and cattle, tetW was more abundant in swine than in cattle. Aminoglycoside was the second highest abundant resistance determinant in swine, but not in cattle. In particular, ANT(6) and APH(3′′) were the dominant resistance gene families in swine. β-lactam was also an abundant resistance determinant in both swine and cattle. Cfx was the major contributing gene family conferring resistance against β-lactams. Conclusions Antibiotic resistome was more pervasive in swine than in cattle. Specifically, prevalent antibiotic resistance genes (prevalence >50%) were found more in swine than in cattle. Genomic investigation of specific resistance genes from the gut microbiomes of swine and cattle in this study should provide opportunities to better understand the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes in farm animals.

scholarly journals Macleaya cordata extracts suppressed the increase of a part of antibiotic resistance genes in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-887
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
H. Li ◽  
Q. Chu ◽  
F. Xu ◽  
T. Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Macleaya Cordata

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts (Chinese herbal medicine extracts) and antibiotics combination with chlortetracycline (CTC) on the antibiotic resistance genes in fecal microorganism. Compared with the group without antibiotics, the relative abundances of all six tetracycline resistance genes were increased after 75 mg kg−1 CTC supplementation. Interestingly, M. cordata extracts in feed suppressed the increase of a part of tetracycline resistance genes in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs.

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