scholarly journals A Parameter Classification System for Nonrevenue Water Management in Water Distribution Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Total System ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
System Input

Nonrevenue water (NRW) in a water distribution network is the water lost from unbilled authorized consumption, apparent losses, and real losses compared to the total system input volume. Nonrevenue water is an important parameter for prioritizing water distribution network improvement intervention planning, and it is necessary to identify the affecting parameters. A factor classification system has been developed based on the factors suggested by major institutions and researchers to propose an effective NRW classification system in a water distribution network. The factor classifications used include physical, operational, and socioeconomic factors that could affect NRW. Appropriate standards are required when classifying water main parameters. In this study, three criteria were proposed to create independent factors. The first relates to the properties of the parameter. One determines whether the parameters related to the water network are more suitable for physical, operational, or socioeconomic factors and classifies them into one of these three parameters. Second, one considers data availability and data characteristics taking into account the scope of the coverage area. Third, it must be possible to quantify selected parameter data. Whether the collected data are numerically valid and whether it can be used as a standard for assessment or comparison between regions must be examined. The quantification portion of the qualitative data in managing NRW is important and needs to be used in accordance with reasonable standards. In this study, more factors can be used depending on those selected, and it was found that NRW prediction that reflects regional characteristics is possible.

scholarly journals Sensor Placement in Water Distribution Networks based on Spectral Algorithms

10.29007/whzr ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Carlo Giudicianni ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Manuel Herrera ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Spectral Techniques

Installing an efficient monitoring and control sensor system provides the possibility to carry out main tasks on Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) management and protection. Given the WDNs complexity, efficient numerical techniques are needed to support optimal monitoring system design. Generally, it is appropriate to locate sensors at highly connected places in the WDN with water flow reaching several parts of the network. This paper introduces a general method to support water utilities on the decision making process for an efficient water system monitoring. The proposal is based on graph spectral techniques that take advantage on spectrum properties of the adjacency matrix of the water distribution network graph. It is consequently created a novel tool-set of graph spectral techniques adapted to improve the water monitoring tasks and consequently simplify further sensor placement. This is approached with no need of hydraulic simulation, as data availability is often limited or not suitable to face anomaly events changing assets and distribution performance. A real water distribution network serving a town near to Naples is used to analyze the proposed graph spectral methodology. In order to test the proposed procedure, a comparison was made with a sensor layout obtained through a bi-objective optimization, through some performance indicators. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed spectral procedure.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

scholarly journals Proposal of optimal operation strategy applied to water distribution network with statistical approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva ◽  
Fernando Das Graças Braga da Silva ◽  
André Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Antonio Tosta dos Reis ◽  
Claudio Lindemberg de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Computational Optimization ◽  
Depth Analysis

 Inefficiency of sanitation companies’ operation procedures threatens the population’s future supplies. Thus, it is essential to increase water and energy efficiency in order to meet future demand. Optimization techniques are important tools for the analysis of complex problems, as in distribution networks for supply. Currently, genetic algorithms are recognized by their application in literature. In this regard, an optimization model of water distribution network is proposed, using genetic algorithms. The difference in this research is a methodology based on in-depth analysis of results, using statistics and the design of experimental tools and software. The proposed technique was applied to a theoretical network developed for the study. Preliminary simulations were accomplished using EPANET, representing the main causes of water and energy inefficiency in Brazilian sanitation companies. Some parameters were changed in applying this model, such as reservoir level, pipe diameter, pumping pressures, and valve-closing percentage. These values were established by the design of experimental techniques. As output, we obtained the equation of response surface, optimized, which resulted in values of established hydraulic parameters. From these data, the obtained parameters in computational optimization algorithms were applied, resulting in losses of 26.61%, improvement of 16.19 p.p. with regard to the network without optimization, establishing an operational strategy involving three pumps and a pressure-reducing valve.  We conclude that the association of optimization and the planning of experimental techniques constitutes an encouraging method to deal with the complexity of water-distribution network optimization.

scholarly journals Appraisal of water quality indices for service reservoirs in water distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1606-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Nyirenda ◽  
T. T. Tanyimboh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

Abstract The use of water quality indices to aggregate pollution loads in rivers has been widely studied, with researchers using various sub-indices and aggregation methods. These have been used to combine various quality variables at a sampling point in a river into an overall water quality index to compare the state of water quality in different river reaches. Service reservoirs in a water distribution network, like rivers, have complex mixing mechanisms, are subjected to various water quality variables and are variably sized and sited. Water quality indices and the relevant sub-indices are formulated here and applied to service reservoirs within a water distribution network. This is in an attempt to compare holistically the performance of service reservoirs in solutions of optimisation algorithms with regards to water quality.

scholarly journals A Framework for Identifying the Critical Region in Water Distribution Network for Reinforcement Strategy from Preparation Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9247
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Zhang ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Yuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Network Disruption ◽  
Critical Regions

Water distribution networks (WDNs), an interconnected collection of hydraulic control elements, are susceptible to a small disturbance that may induce unbalancing flows within a WDN and trigger large-scale losses and secondary failures. Identifying critical regions in a water distribution network (WDN) to formulate a scientific reinforcement strategy is significant for improving the resilience when network disruption occurs. This paper proposes a framework that identifies critical regions within WDNs, based on the three metrics that integrate the characteristics of WDNs with an external service function; the criticality of urban function zones, nodal supply water level and water shortage. Then, the identified critical regions are reinforced to minimize service loss due to disruptions. The framework was applied for a WDN in Dalian, China, as a case study. The results showed the framework efficiently identified critical regions required for effective WDN reinforcements. In addition, this study shows that the attributes of urban function zones play an important role in the distribution of water shortage and service loss of each region.

scholarly journals Sensor placement for leak detection and location in water distribution networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sarrate ◽  
J. Blesa ◽  
F. Nejjari ◽  
J. Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Leak Detection And Location

The performance of a leak detection and location algorithm depends on the set of measurements that are available in the network. This work presents an optimization strategy that maximizes the leak diagnosability performance of the network. The goal is to characterize and determine a sensor configuration that guarantees a maximum degree of diagnosability while the sensor configuration cost satisfies a budgetary constraint. To efficiently handle the complexity of the distribution network an efficient branch and bound search strategy based on a structural model is used. However, in order to reduce even more the size and the complexity of the problem the present work proposes to combine this methodology with clustering techniques. The strategy developed in this work is successfully applied to determine the optimal set of pressure sensors that should be installed in a District Metered Area in the Barcelona water distribution network.

Study on Safety Evaluation Method for Water Distribution Networks Based on LS-SVM

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5003-5008
Author(s):  
Zhi Tao Wang ◽  
Jing Yu Su ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Svm Model

To evaluate the security of urban water distribution network, one model based on LS-SVM was put forth. On the basis of summary and analysis of influential factors for urban water distribution network security, a set of indexes used in the evaluation model above was constructed. The nonlinear mapping between the water distribution networks security classification and its conditions were learned from the finite samples and a water distribution network example was simulated using this model. In addition, the BP ANN model was used to simulate the same example. Through the analysis of the result of the actual security level, the security level acquired by the LS-SVM model and BP ANN model, it may be found that the result acquired by the LS-SVM model has high accuracy, and may used in actual engineering.

Hydraulic performance of post-earthquake water distribution networks based on head driven simulation method

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mani ◽  
M. Tabesh ◽  
M. R. Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Actual Performance

Water distribution networks are one of the most important infrastructures in urban areas. Evaluating their real hydraulic performance after being damaged by earthquake loadings is crucial for future planning. In this study, pipeline damage caused by seismic wave propagation is modelled using relationships obtained from 1994 Northridge earthquake. Damaged network is hydraulically analysed using the head driven simulation method (HDSM). This analysis helps to obtain actual performance of the water distribution network damaged by seismic waves, without the usual need to handle negative nodal pressures generated from demand driven simulation method. Pressure performance indicator and the total leakage of the network are used as indicators to show the hydraulic performance of the system. Comparison of the damages from different seismic scenarios and the hydraulic indicators of the network, illustrate the probable condition of the water distribution network after the earthquake. The proposed methodology is applied on a reservoir zone of the Tehran water distribution network. The results indicate the degree of damage in terms of pipe burst and leak points in this network.

scholarly journals Application of Routine Calibration of Real Water Supply Network with Adjustment of Demand Roughness Parameters Driven by Applied Pressure Real Network of Brazil

10.29007/z3hq ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Das Graças Braga Da Silva ◽  
Thaisa Dias Goulart ◽  
Regina Mambeli Barros
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Real Network ◽  
Search Tool

The calibration of water distribution networks is one way to perform such procedures in hydraulic models, but several are the difficulties encountered in calibrating a real network. This work proposes the improvement of modules of the calibration method proposed by Silva (2003), where using the genetic algorithm (GA) search tool, the author calibrates a real water distribution network of a Brazilian city, adjusting parameters mainly from roughness and coefficient of leakage. The enhancement of GA is the introduction of a new decision variable, the nodal demand, which assigns demand values to nodes according to the pressure-driven demand model of Tucciarelli, Criminisi and Termini (1999). The tests of the GAs implemented are tested for this real water distribution network presented by Silva (2003). The effect of the improvement on the calibration results was significant for the network, but the need for more in-depth studies, which are of course required for the application of new algorithms in real-scale networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document