scholarly journals Comparison of Acceptable Noise Level Generated Using Different Transducers and Response Modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liang Xia ◽  
Jingchun He ◽  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptable Noise Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Chinese Subjects

The acceptable noise level (ANL) was defined by subtracting the background noise level (BNL) from the most comfortable listening level (MCL) (ANL = MCL − BNL). This study compared the ANL obtained through different methods in 20 Chinese subjects with normal hearing. ANL was tested with Mandarin speech materials using a loudspeaker or earphones, with each subject tested by himself or by the audiologist. The presentation and response modes were as follows: (1) loudspeaker with self-adjusted noise levels using audiometer controls (LS method); (2) loudspeaker with the subject signaling the audiologist to adjust speech and noise levels (LA method); (3) earphones with self-adjusted noise levels using audiometer controls (ES method); and (4) earphones with the subject signaling the audiologist to adjust speech and noise levels (EA method). ANL was calculated from three measurements with each method. There was no significant difference in the ANL obtained through different presentation modes or response modes sound. The correlations between ANL, MCL, and BNL obtained from each two methods were significant. In conclusion, the ANL in normal-hearing Mandarin listeners may not be affected by presentation modes such as a loudspeaker or earphones nor is it affected by self-adjusted or audiologist-adjusted response modes. Earphone audiometry is as reliable as sound field audiometry and provides an easy and convenient way to measure ANL.

The Influence of Listener's Gender on the Acceptance of Background Noise

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna S. Rogers ◽  
Ashley W. Harkrider ◽  
Samuel B. Burchfield ◽  
Anna K. Nabelek
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Hearing Status ◽  
Acceptable Noise Level ◽  
Listening Levels ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

The acceptance of background noise can be assessed by having participants select the maximum background noise level (BNL) to which they are willing to listen while following speech at their most comfortable listening level (MCL). The difference between the selected BNL and MCL is the acceptable noise level (ANL). Preliminary investigations have revealed large between-participant ANL differences that are not related to age, hearing status, preference for background noise, or uncomfortable listening level. This study investigated listener's gender as a possible factor contributing to these between-participant differences. Comfortable listening levels for speech and accepted levels of speech-babble background noise were obtained binaurally, via the sound field, from 50 (25 male, 25 female) young, acoustically naive adults with normal hearing sensitivity. Results indicate that, although males had higher comfortable listening levels and accepted higher levels of background noise than females, ANL values were not different between males and females.

scholarly journals The effects of noise exposure and work-related fatigue on the acceptable noise level test in normal-hearing people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Heidari ◽  
Ahmad Geshani ◽  
Nematollah Rouhbakhsh ◽  
Elham Faghihzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Alishahi
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptable Noise Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Production Group

Background and Aim: The acceptable noise level (ANL) assesses the noise that a person can tolerate during a running speech. Although it is a strong test, it has not yet become popular in clinical practice. One of the reasons is its contradictory results. Since it is a psychoacoustic test, psychological factors can affect its output. Investigation of these factors can provide more accurate results. This study aims to investigate the effects of noise and work-related fatigue on the ANL in normal-hearing people. Methods: Participants were the male workers in the administration (n = 26) and production (n = 26) departments of an automotive manufacturing industry in Iran. They were evaluated before and after leaving the workplace in order to determine the effects of noise exposure, fatigue as well as their simultaneous effects on the ANL. Results: In both groups, the ANL showed a significant increase after work compared to its level before work, and the background noise level (BNL) was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in the BNL between administration and production groups before work. The most comfortable level (MCL) showed no significant increase. Moreover, the MCL changes were not significantly different in the production group compared to administration group, but the BNL and ANL changes were significantly higher. Conclusion: Noise exposure and work-related fatigue affect the ANL. During the ANL test, earlier exposure to noise and the amount of fatigue should be controlled.   Keywords: Exposure to noise; fatigue; acceptable noise level

Influence of Music and Music Preference on Acceptable Noise Levels in Listeners with Normal Hearing

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Gordon-Hickey ◽  
Robert E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Acceptable Noise Level ◽  
Acceptable Noise Levels ◽  
Better Than

Acceptable noise level (ANL) is defined as the maximum level of background noise that an individual is willing to accept while listening to speech. The type of background noise does not affect ANL results with the possible exception of music. The purpose of this study was to determine if ANL for music was different from ANL for twelve-talker babble and investigate if there was a correlation between ANL for music samples and preference for those music samples. Results demonstrated that ANL for music tended to be better than ANL for twelve-talker babble, indicating listeners were more willing to accept music as a background noise than speech babble. The results further demonstrated that ANL for the music samples were not correlated with preference for the music samples, indicating that ANL for music was not related to music preference. Therefore, music appeared to be processed differently as a background noise than twelve-talker babble. Un nivel aceptable de ruido (ANL) esta definido como el máximo nivel de ruido de fondo que un individuo esta dispuesto a aceptar mientras escucha el lenguaje. El tipo de ruido de fondo no afecta el ANL, con la posible excepción de la música (Nabelek y col., 1991). El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si el ANL para la música era diferente del ANL ante un balbuceo de doce hablantes, e investigar si existía una correlación entre los ANL para muestras de música, y para la preferencia con respecto a estas muestras de música. Los resultados demostraron que el ANL para la música tendió a ser mejor que el ANL para el balbuceo de doce hablantes, indicando que los sujetos estaban más dispuestos a aceptar la música como ruido de fondo que el lenguaje en balbuceo. Los resultados además demostraron que el ANL para las muestras de música no correlacionaba con la preferencia para las muestras de música, indicando que los ANL para la música no tenía que ver con la preferencia musical. Por lo tanto, la música parece procesarse diferente como ruido de fondo que el balbuceo de doce hablantes.

scholarly journals The use of speech sentence audiometry in a free sound field

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Mariya Yu. Boboshko ◽  
Irina P. Berdnikova ◽  
Natalya V. Maltzeva
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit

Objectives -to determine the normative data of sentence speech intelligibility in a free sound field and to estimate the applicability of the Russian Matrix Sentence test (RuMatrix) for assessment of the hearing aid fitting benefit. Material and methods. 10 people with normal hearing and 28 users of hearing aids with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss were involved in the study. RuMatrix test both in quiet and in noise was performed in a free sound field. All patients filled in the COSI questionnaire. Results. The hearing impaired patients were divided into two subgroups: the 1st with high and the 2nd with low hearing aid benefit, according to the COSI questionnaire. In the 1st subgroup, the threshold for the sentence intelligibility in quiet was 34.9 ± 6.4 dB SPL, and in noise -3.3 ± 1.4 dB SNR, in the 2nd subgroup 41.7 ± 11.5 dB SPL and 0.15 ± 3.45 dB SNR, respectively. The significant difference between the data of both subgroups and the norm was registered (p

An Electrophysiological Measure of Binaural Hearing in Noise

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Weihing ◽  
Frank E. Musiek
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Binaural Hearing ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Different Levels

Background: A common complaint of patients with (central) auditory processing disorder is difficulty understanding speech in noise. Because binaural hearing improves speech understanding in compromised listening situations, quantifying this ability in different levels of noise may yield a measure with high clinical utility. Purpose: To examine binaural enhancement (BE) and binaural interaction (BI) in different levels of noise for the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) in a normal hearing population. Research Design: An experimental study in which subjects were exposed to a repeated measures design. Study Sample: Fifteen normal hearing female adults served as subjects. Normal hearing was assessed by pure-tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions. Intervention: All subjects were exposed to 0, 20, and 35 dB effective masking (EM) of white noise during monotic and diotic click stimulation. Data Collection and Analysis: ABR and MLR responses were simultaneously acquired. Peak amplitudes and latencies were recorded and compared across conditions using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: For BE, ABR results showed enhancement at 0 and 20 dB EM, but not at 35 dB EM. The MLR showed BE at all noise levels, but the degree of BE decreased with increasing noise level. For BI, both the ABR and MLR showed BI at all noise levels. However, the degree of BI again decreased with increasing noise level for the MLR. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the ability to measure BE simultaneously in the ABR and MLR in up to 20 dB of EM noise and BI in up to 35 dB EM of noise. Results also suggest that ABR neural generators may respond to noise differently than MLR generators.

Further Validation of the Speech Transmission Index (STI)

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Humes ◽  
Stephen Boney ◽  
Faith Loven
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Transmission Index ◽  
Speech Transmission ◽  
Binaural Listening ◽  
Prospective Analyses

The present article further evaluates the accuracy of speech-recognition predictions made according to two forms of the Speech Transmission Index (STI) for normal-hearing listeners. The first portion of this article describes the application of the modified Speech Transmission Index (mSTI) to an extensive set of speech-recognition data. Performance of normal-hearing listeners on a nonsense-syllable recognition task in 216 conditions involving different speech levels, background noise levels, reverberation times and filter passbands was found to be monotonically related to the mSTI. The second portion of this article describes a retrospective and prospective analysis of an extended sound-field version of the STI, referred to here as STI x . This extended STI considers many of the variables relevant to sound-field speech recognition, some of which are not incorporated in the mSTI. These variables include: (a) reverberation time; (b) speech level; (e) noise level; (d) talker-to-listener distance; (e) directivity of the speech source; and (f) directivity of the listener (eg., monaural vs. binaural listening). For both the retrospective and prospective analyses, speech-recognition was found to vary monotonically with STI x .

Most Comfortable Listening Levels, Background Noise Levels, and Acceptable Noise Levels for Children and Adults with Normal Hearing

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moore ◽  
Susan Gordon-Hickey ◽  
Alisha Jones
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference

Background: For adults the acceptable noise level (ANL) has been shown to be a strong predictor of hearing aid success. ANL is calculated as the difference between most comfortable listening level (MCL) and background noise level (BNL). No studies have made direct comparisons of these measures between adults and children. Purpose: To evaluate and compare MCLs, BNLs, and ANLs in children and young adults. Research Design: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Two groups (children and adults) were tested for each dependent variable. MCLs and BNLs were measured for each participant, and ANLs were computed from these two measurements. Study Sample: The participants were 34 children (8–10 yr) and 34 young adults (19–29 yr) with normal hearing. Results: Significant main effects were found for MCLs and BNLs. There was no main effect for ANLs. MCLs and BNLs were significantly lower for the children than for the adults. Conclusions: These results suggest that while ANLs are unchanged from childhood to adulthood, there appears to be a developmental change in MCLs and BNLs. These findings have implications for the use of ANLs in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Performance of normal hearing preschool children on audiometric ling’s six sound test

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Shrutika Milind Gaikwad ◽  
Vedanti Arvind Patil ◽  
Aparna Nandurka
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Listening And Speaking

Introduction: Ling’s six sound test is a quick and simple test to ascertain access to speech sounds essential for development of optimum listening and speaking skills. However, most of the normative data available for Ling’s six sound test is adult based. Therefore, there is a need to develop normative data for subsequent use with children who are receiving early intervention procedures. This study aims at obtaining the awareness and identification thresholds for Ling’s six sounds for normal hearing preschool children between 3 to 6 years of age. Methods: Each of the six sounds of Ling’s six sound test namely; |a| |i| |u| |s| |sh| |m| were presented in the sound field through an audiometer to fifty 3 to 6-year-old children with normal hearing sensitivity in a sound treated room. Each child was explained the task and was conditioned well before the testing. Both awareness and identification thresholds were obtained. The lowest level at which the child responded was noted as the threshold. Results: The lowest threshold for awareness and identification was obtained for the sound |a| (10.3 dB HL and 15.4 dB HL respectively). whereas the highest threshold was obtained for the sound |s| (18.2 dB HL and 24 dB HL respectively. A significant difference was seen in thresholds across all the sounds for both awareness and identification. Conclusions: The differences seen in thresholds across all the sounds for both awareness and identification are due to several higher order factors as well as the acoustic and spectral features of each of the Ling’s six sounds.

scholarly journals Traffic Noise Level Assessment in the Residential Area around Different Road Functions in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngudi Tjahjono ◽  
Imam Hanafi ◽  
Latipun Latipun ◽  
Suyadi Suyadi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

Noise due to motorized vehicles is a major problem in urban areas which can interfere with physiological and psychological health. This study aims to determine the extent of noise levels outside and inside the house around the function of different roads in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted by measuring the traffic noise level using a sound level meter. Measurements were taken in the afternoon between 16.00-21.00 during the peak of heavy traffic and outside working hours when residents were already at home. Statistical Student’s t-test analysis was used to test differences in the average noise level outside and inside the house on each road function. Variance analysis was used to compare noise levels around primary arterial roads, secondary arteries, primary collectors, secondary collectors, primary local, and secondary local. From the measurement results, it is known that the noise due to motorized vehicles is 84.28 dB on average. This exceeds the threshold based on the Decree of the State Minister for the Environment Number 48 of 1996. There was a significant difference in noise level between outside and inside the house on each road function. There was no significant difference in noise level between the functions of the road segments both outside and inside the house. The results of the study concluded that the traffic noise level at 16:00 to 21:00 hours on all roads that were targeted for research exceeds the national threshold. It is recommended that the level of traffic noise around roads in the city of Malang can be reduced to minimize the negative impact on physiological and psychological health.

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