scholarly journals The Application of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Checkpoint Blockade Cancer Immunotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Yuanqi Li ◽  
Dan Wei ◽  
Hongrong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cancer Immunity

Tumor is the most serious threat to human beings. Although war against cancer has been launched over forty years, cancer treatment is still far away from being satisfactory. Immunotherapy, especially checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, is a rising star that shows a promising future. To fulfill the requirement of depleting primary tumor and inhibiting tumor metastasis and recurrence, many researchers combined checkpoint blockade immunotherapy with other treatment strategies to extend the treatment outcome. Photodynamic therapy could induce immunogenic cell death, and checkpoint blockade could further accelerate the immunity; therefore, combining these two strategies publishes many papers. Additionally, photothermal therapy and immunotherapy were also utilized for combining with checkpoint blockade, which were also reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, antibodies, siRNA, and small molecule inhibitors are developed to block the checkpoint; therefore, we categorized the papers into three sections, combination nanoparticles with checkpoint blockade antibody, combination nanoparticles with checkpoint blockade siRNA, and combination nanoparticles with small molecule checkpoint inhibitors, and related researches were summarized. In conclusion, the combination nanoparticle with checkpoint blockade cancer immunity is a promising direction that may fulfill the requirement of cancer treatment.

scholarly journals A covalent organic framework as a nanocarrier for synergistic phototherapy and immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 5451-5459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Sainan Liu ◽  
Chunling Hu ◽  
Lihan Cai ◽  
Maolin Pang
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Covalent Organic Framework ◽  
Organic Framework

As traditional cancer treatment methods, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) can eliminate primary tumors, but they cannot inhibit extensive tumor metastasis and local recurrence.

Immunotherapy for the Breast Cancer treatment: Current Evidence and Therapeutic Options

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Singh ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Meenu Jain ◽  
Pramod Kumar Singh ◽  
Jun-O Jin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Her2 Positive

: Breast cancer (BC) stands at the first position among all forms of malignancies found in women globally. The available therapeutic approaches for breast cancer includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and finally surgery. Despite the conventional therapies, in recent years the advance immunology based therapeutics emerge a potential in breast cancer treatment, including immune checkpoint blockades, vaccines and in combination with other treatment strategies. Although, commonly used treatments like trastuzumab/pertuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) positive and hormone therapy for estrogen receptor (ER) positive and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive BC are specific but triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases remain a great challenge for treatment measures. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/ anti-CTLA-4) and anti-cancer vaccines (NeuVax, Muc-1, AVX901, INO-1400 and CEA), either alone or in combination with other therapies have created new paradigm in therapeutic world. In this review, we highlighted the current immunotherapeutic aspects and their ongoing trials towards the better treatment regimen for BC.

Surface engineering of oncolytic adenovirus for combinations of immune checkpoint blockade and virotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lv ◽  
Xiaomei Chen ◽  
Shiying Fu ◽  
En Ren ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Oncolytic Adenovirus ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade

Advances in the development of modern cancer immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, most cancer patients are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors...

scholarly journals Molecular determinants of response to PD-L1 blockade across tumor types

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Banchereau ◽  
Ning Leng ◽  
Oliver Zill ◽  
Ethan Sokol ◽  
Gengbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Tumor Types

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis lead to durable clinical responses in subsets of cancer patients across multiple indications, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma (UC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we complement PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) with RNA-seq in 366 patients to identify unifying and indication-specific molecular profiles that can predict response to checkpoint blockade across these tumor types. Multiple machine learning approaches failed to identify a baseline transcriptional signature highly predictive of response across these indications. Signatures described previously for immune checkpoint inhibitors also failed to validate. At the pathway level, significant heterogeneity is observed between indications, in particular within the PD-L1+ tumors. mUC and NSCLC are molecularly aligned, with cell cycle and DNA damage repair genes associated with response in PD-L1- tumors. At the gene level, the CDK4/6 inhibitor CDKN2A is identified as a significant transcriptional correlate of response, highlighting the association of non-immune pathways to the outcome of checkpoint blockade. This cross-indication analysis reveals molecular heterogeneity between mUC, NSCLC and RCC tumors, suggesting that indication-specific molecular approaches should be prioritized to formulate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remy Thomas ◽  
Ghaneya Al-Khadairi ◽  
Julie Decock
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Future Prospects

Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the current superheroes of immunotherapy, unleashing a patient’s own immune cells to kill tumors and revolutionizing cancer treatment in a variety of cancers. Although breast cancer was historically believed to be immunologically silent, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to induce modest responses in metastatic breast cancer. Given the inherent heterogeneity of breast tumors, this raised the question whether certain breast tumors might benefit more from immune-based interventions and which cancer cell-intrinsic and/or microenvironmental factors define the likelihood of inducing a potent and durable anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we will focus on triple negative breast cancer as immunogenic breast cancer subtype, and specifically discuss the relevance of tumor mutational burden, the plethora and diversity of tumor infiltrating immune cells in addition to the immunoscore, the presence of immune checkpoint expression, and the microbiome in defining immune checkpoint blockade response. We will highlight the current immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment options, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In addition, we will look into the potential of immunotherapy-based combination strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses, or to establish a more immune favorable environment for cancer vaccines. Finally, the review will address the need for unambiguous predictive biomarkers as one of the main challenges of immune checkpoint blockade. To conclude, the potential of immune checkpoint blockade for triple negative breast cancer treatment could be enhanced by exploration of aforementioned factors and treatment strategies thereby providing promising future prospects.

scholarly journals Prospects for combining immune checkpoint blockade with PARP inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anping Li ◽  
Ming Yi ◽  
Shuang Qin ◽  
Qian Chu ◽  
Suxia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Parp Inhibition ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract The immunogenicity of a cancer cell is derived from accumulated somatic mutations. However, on the contrary to increased immunogenicity, anti-cancer immune response tends to be feeble. This impaired anti-cancer immunity could be attributed to multiple factors including loss of immunodominant epitopes, downregulation of major histocompatibility complex, and immunosuppressive microenvironment, as well as aberrant negative co-stimulatory signals. Immune checkpoint inhibitors block negative co-stimulatory signals such as programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, ultimately reactivating anti-cancer immunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors elicit potent anti-cancer effect and have been approved for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, there still are significant potential improvements for the applications of checkpoint inhibitor, especially considering frequent resistance. Recent studies demonstrated that additional PARP inhibition could alleviate resistance and enhance efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy via promoting cross-presentation and modifying immune microenvironment. We proposed that PARP inhibitors could enhance the priming and tumor-killing activities of T cell, boost the whole cancer-immunity cycle, and thereby improve the response to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we focused the latest understanding of the effect of PARP inhibitors on anti-cancer immunity and PARP inhibitors combining immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Moreover, we summarized the preclinical and clinical evidence and discussed the feasibility of this combination therapy in future clinical practice.

scholarly journals Multiple mRNAs controlled and heat-driven drug release from gold nanocages in targeted chemo-photothermal therapy for tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
hao zhang ◽  
ze gao ◽  
Xiaoxiao Li ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Sujuan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Gold Nanocages

The multifunctional drug delivery systems enabling the effective drug delivery and comprehensive treatment is critical to successful cancer treatment. It still remains challenging for precise drug delivery to overcome nonspecific...

A carrier-free nanoparticle with dual NIR/acid responsiveness by co-assembly of enediyne and IR820 for combined PTT/chemo therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haotian Lu ◽  
Wenbo Wang ◽  
Xiaoxuan Li ◽  
Mengsi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Traditional Drug

Combined photothermal therapy/chemotherapy by co-delivery of photosensitizer (PS) and chemotherapeutic drug has demonstrated great potential for cancer treatment. The intrinsic drawbacks of traditional drug delivery systems (DDS), such as tedious...

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