scholarly journals Evaluation of Human Exposure toAedesBites in Rubber and Palm Cultivations Using an Immunoepidemiological Biomarker

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Mabot Yobo ◽  
Cécile Agnimou Malanfoua Sadia-Kacou ◽  
Maurice Akré Adja ◽  
Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille ◽  
André Barembaye Sagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Arbovirus infections, mainly transmitted byAedesmosquito, are emerging in Africa. Efficient vector control requires an understanding of ecological factors which could impact on the risk of transmission, such as environmental changes linked to agricultural practices. The present study aims to assess the level of human exposure toAedesmosquito bites in different agroecosystem area, using an immunological tool which quantifies human IgG antibody response to oneAe. aegyptisalivary peptide. Specific IgG responses were assessed during dry and rainy seasons, in children living in different villages in Côte d’Ivoire: N’Zikro (rubber and oil palm exploitations), Ehania-V5 (oil palm), and Ayébo (without intensive agricultural activities). In the dry season, specific IgG levels were significantly lower in Ayébo compared to Ehania-V5 and N’Zikro and, interestingly, were similarly high in both villages with cultivations. In the rainy season, no difference of specific IgG was observed between villages. Specific IgG responses remained therefore high during both seasons in villages associated with intensive agricultural. The rubber and oil palm cultivations could maintain a high level of human exposure toAedesmosquito bites during both dry and rainy seasons. These agricultural activities could represent a permanent risk factor of the transmission of arboviruses.

scholarly journals Pattern of resilient age-related measles immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
A. G. Sonis ◽  
O. A. Gusyakova ◽  
F. N. Gilmiyarova ◽  
A. A. Ereshchenko ◽  
N. K. Ignatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Igg Level

Epidemiological situation describing global measles spread is ambiguous. Along with countries succeeded in measles eradication, there are those wherein measles rate remains at quite high level. Because measles is a vaccine-preventable infection, it may then be eradicated solely by ensuring sufficient population coverage with preventive vaccination. The aim of our study was to assess level of measles immunity in medical workers at the Clinics of Samara State Medical University as well as the Samara State Medical University. There were enrolled 1503 subjects (aged 18–79 years), among which all individuals under 55 (77.58%) but not older counterparts provided with medical record on previous measles vaccination or measles infection. Level of serum measles virus-specific IgG antibodies was measured by using ELISA (VektoKor-IgG, JSC Vector-Best, Novosibirsk), with mean concentration ranging in general population within 1.02±0.02 IU/ ml. Positive results were observed in 72.52% of the examined individuals. Average vs. high measles virus-specific IgG level was detected in 52.90% (mean age — 41.4±0.5 years) and 19.62% (mean age — 54.2±0.72 years) of individuals, whereas at level below threshold — in 27.48% of subjects (mean age — 33.25±0.53 years). Thus, in 34.16% of the surveyed vaccinated individuals mostly presented by young subjects contained anti-measles virus-specific antibodies below protective level. Older age groups were shown to increase in average IgG amount with age. Interestingly, age-related measles immunity pattern was observed: percentage of subjects with high vs. low measles virus-specific IgG level increases and decreases, respectively. Taking into consideration a large percentage of subjects previously vaccinated against measles among carriers of low measles immunity, it may be concluded that measles virus-specific IgG antibody level must be monitored in young adulthood to decide of whether subsequent revaccination is necessary.

scholarly journals Preliminary validation of the use of IgG antibody response to Anopheles gSG6-p1 salivary peptide to assess human exposure to malaria vector bites in two endemic areas of Cameroon in Central Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242510
Author(s):  
Glwadys Cheteug ◽  
Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille ◽  
Christiane Donkeu ◽  
Wolfgang Ekoko ◽  
Martine Oloume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Salivary Peptide ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Endemic Areas

The specific immune response to the Anopheles salivary peptide could be a pertinent and complementary tool to assess the risk of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of vector control strategies. This study aimed to obtain first reliable data on the current state of the Anopheles gSG6-P1 biomarker for assess the level of exposure to Anopheles bites in high malaria endemic areas in Cameroon. Blood smears were collected from people living in the neighborhoods of Youpwe (suburban area, continental) and Manoka (rural area, Island), both areas in the coastal region of Cameroon. Malaria infection was determined using thick blood smear microscopy, whereas the level of specific IgG response to gSG-P1 peptide was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the dried blood spots. Of 266 (153 from Youpwe, 113 from Manoka) malaria endemic residents (mean age: 22.8±19.8 years, age range: 6 months–94 years, male/female sex ratio: 1/1.2, with Manoka mean age: 23.71±20.53, male/female sex ratio:1/1.13 and Youpwe mean age: 22.12±19.22, male/female sex ratio 1/0.67) randomly included in the study, Plasmodium infection prevalence was significantly higher in Manoka than in Youpwe (64.6% vs 12,4%, p = 0.0001). The anti-gSG6-P1 IgG response showed a high inter-individual heterogeneity and was significantly higher among individuals from Manoka than those from Youpwe (p = 0.023). Malaria infected individuals presented a higher anti-gSG6-P1 IgG antibody response than non-infected (p = 0.0004). No significant difference in the level of specific IgG response to gSG-P1 was observed according to long lasting insecticidal nets use. Taken together, the data revealed that human IgG antibody response to Anopheles gSG-P1 salivary peptide could be also used to assess human exposure to malaria vectors in Central African region. This finding strengthens the relevance of this candidate biomarker to be used for measuring human exposure to malaria vectors worldwide.

The Inducing Roles of the New Isolated Bursal Hexapeptide and Pentapeptide on the Immune Response of AIV Vaccine in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Hao ◽  
Man Man Zong ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Jia Xi Cai ◽  
Yang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg

Background: Bursa of Fabricius is the acknowledged central humoral immune organ. The bursal-derived peptides play the important roles on the immature B cell development and antibody production. Objective: Here we explored the functions of the new isolated bursal hexapeptide and pentapeptide on the humoral, cellular immune response and antigen presentation to Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) vaccine in mice immunization. Methods: The bursa extract samples were purified following RP HPLC method, and were analyzed with MS/MS to identify the amino acid sequences. Mice were twice subcutaneously injected with AIV inactivated vaccine plus with two new isolated bursal peptides at three dosages, respectively. On two weeks after the second immunization, sera samples were collected from the immunized mice to measure AIV-specific IgG antibody levels and HI antibody titers. Also, on 7th day after the second immunization, lymphocytes were isolated from the immunized mice to detect T cell subtype and lymphocyte viabilities, and the expressions of co-stimulatory molecule on dendritic cells in the immunized mice. Results: Two new bursal hexapeptide and pentapeptide with amino acid sequences KGNRVY and MPPTH were isolated, respectively. Our investigation proved the strong regulatory roles of bursal hexapeptide on AIV-specific IgG levels and HI antibody titers, and lymphocyte viabilities, and the significant increased T cells subpopulation and expressions of MHCII molecule on dendritic cells in the immunized mice. Moreover, our findings verified the significantly enhanced AIV-specific IgG antibody and HI titers, and the strong increased T cell subpopulation and expressions of CD40 molecule on dendritic cells in the mice immunized with AIV vaccine and bursal pentapeptide. Conclusion: We isolated and identified two new hexapeptide and pentapeptide from bursa, and proved that these two bursal peptides effectively induced the AIV-specific antibody, T cell and antigen presentation immune responses, which provided an experimental basis for the further clinical application of the bursal derived active peptide on the vaccine improvement.

scholarly journals Development of a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip based on EuNPs-ES fluorescent probe for the detection of early Trichinella spiralis-specific IgG antibody in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Line ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Specific Igg

AbstractTrichinellosis, which is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is one of the most important zoonotic parasite diseases in the world. A rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip (ICS) based on Eu (III) nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed for the detection of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection in pigs. T. spiralis muscle larvae excretory secretory or preadult worm excretory secretory (ML-ES or PAW-ES) antigens were conjugated with EuNPs probes to capture T. spiralis-specific antibodies in pig sera, after which the complex bound to mouse anti-pig IgG deposited on the test line (T-line), producing a fluorescent signal. In the pigs infected with 100, 1000 and 10 000 ML, seroconversion was first detectable for the EuNPs-ML-ES ICS at 30, 25 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and for the EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS at 25, 21 and 17 dpi. These results show that EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS detects anti-Trichinella IgG in pigs 4–5 days earlier that test using ML-ES antigens. Our ICS have no cross reaction with other parasite infection sera. Furthermore, the detection process could be completed in 10 min. This study indicated that our ICS can be used for the detection of the circulating antibodies in early T. spiralis infection and provide a novel method for on-site detection of T. spiralis infection in pigs.

Specific IgG antibody secretion from HLA tetramer isolated B cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Dessislava Kopchaliiska ◽  
Mary S. Leffell ◽  
Andrea A. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Secretion

scholarly journals Fetal infection resulting from maternal rubella after the first trimester of pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽  
Margaret K. S. Ridehalgh ◽  
Mary J. Anderson ◽  
J. R. Pattison ◽  
H. O. Kangro
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Prenatal Infection ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Igg

SUMMARYWe have tried to measure the incidence of prenatal infection in 304 infants whose mothers had had rubella at various times after the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Two methods of assessment were used: first, serum obtained soon after birth was tested for specific IgM antibody; secondly, serum obtained after the age of eight months was tested for specific IgG. When maternal rubella occurred 12–16 weeks after the last menstrual period specific IgM antibody was detected in 28 out of 50 infants (56%). The proportion fell progressively to 12% after maternal rubella at 24–28 weeks, rose to 19% after rubella at 28–36 weeks and then to 58% when the illness occurred during the last month of pregnancy. In all, IgM antibody was detected in 77 out of 260 infants (29%). The fetus can thus be infected at any time during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, but the risk varies at different stages.The figures for the prevalence of IgG antibody were greater throughout, because some infants had IgG who had previously lacked specific IgM. After maternal rubella at 12–16 weeks IgG antibody persisted in 22 out of 31 infants (71%). The proportion fell to 28% after rubella at 24–28 weeks and then increased progressively to 94% after rubella during the last month. In all, IgG antibody persisted in 94 out of 190 infants (49%). The true rate of fetal infection probably lies between the rates estimated from the presence of IgM antibody and the subsequent prevalence of IgG.Infants whose mothers had rubella at any time during pregnancy should be examined regularly for possible evidence of damage.

FACTORS OF THE FESTIVAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF 20TH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hrytsyshyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communist Countries

The article deals with the development of festival tourism in the second half of the 20th century. Festival tourism is referred to the special types of tourism and should satisfy specific needs of people during the trip. The motivational basis of the festival tourism is the desire of people to visit new places, regions and events in the world, including festivals. The article analyzes the main factors of the development of festival tourism in the second half of the 20th century after the end of the Second World War. Six main groups of factors are determined, in particular: civilization, sociological and psychological factors; economic factors; political factors; technological factors; ecological factors and tourism as a factor in festival development. It was established that the progress of civilization and higher incomes made it possible to satisfy the basic social needs in the highly developed countries, as well as to concentrate on high-level needs, including those connected with culture and entertainment, thus, also with festivals. The collapse of the USSR and the democratization of the post-communist countries in Europe caused the appearance of a new cultural and entertainment activity. Moreover, the authorities began to take more and more responsibility for the socioeconomic development of cities and regions, including the cultural aspect, which in turn resulted in promotion of local festivals. The development of transport infrastructure and modern information technologies has also positively contributed to the development of festival tourism. The ecological approach to life and to civilization in general is considered to be an important factor in the development of festival tourism in recent years.

Measurement of Specific IgG Antibody Levels in Serum of Patients on Regimes Comprising High Total Dose Beta-Lactam Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee ◽  
Janet M. Dewdney ◽  
R.G. Edwards ◽  
K.A. Neftel ◽  
M. Wälti
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
High Total Dose

scholarly journals Inhalation of Ortho-Phthalaldehyde Vapor Causes Respiratory Sensitization in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Reynolds ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kara Fluharty ◽  
Berran Yucesoy
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been approved for high-level sterilization of heat-sensitive medical instruments and is increasingly being used as a replacement in the healthcare industry for glutaraldehyde, a known sensitizer. Numerous case reports have been published indicating workers and patients experiencing respiratory problems, anaphylaxis, skin reactivity, and systemic antibody production. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that OPA is a dermal sensitizer in mice. The goal of the present study was to determine if OPA is a respiratory sensitizer following inhalation exposure. Mice were exposed to OPA vapor and airway and lymph nodes were examined for cytokine gene expression and alterations in lymphocyte populations. Inhalation of OPA for 3 days resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation, mainly B lymphocytes, in the draining lymph nodes. A secondary challenge of mice with OPA resulted in a dramatic increase in the population of B lymphocytes expressing IgE. Expression of Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and anti/proinflammatory (IL-10, TNFα, and IL-1β) cytokine genes was upregulated in the lymph nodes and the nasal mucosa. Mice exposed to the higher concentrations of OPA-produced OPA-specific IgG1 antibodies indicating systemic sensitization. These findings provide evidence that OPA has the potential to cause respiratory sensitization in mice.

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