scholarly journals Leaf Extracts of Aerva lanata Inhibit the Activities of Type 2 Diabetes-Related Enzymes and Possess Antioxidant Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musbau Adewunmi Akanji ◽  
Samson Olasunkanmi Olukolu ◽  
Mutiu Idowu Kazeem
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Aerva Lanata ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

The leaves of Aerva lanata are one of the indigenous medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in Africa. However, its effect on the activities of diabetes-related enzymes has not been investigated. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effects of different extracts of the A. lanata leaf on the activities of diabetes-related enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and chemically induced free radicals. Aqueous, ethanol, and hydroethanol extracts of A. lanata leaves were subjected to a standard enzyme inhibition assay followed by determination of modes of inhibition of the enzymes. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The results obtained showed that the hydroethanol extract of the A. lanata leaf optimally inhibited both α-amylase (IC50: 2.42 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.23 mg/mL). The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the mode of inhibition of both enzymes by the hydroethanol extract was uncompetitive. However, the hydroethanol and aqueous extracts displayed the best DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging ability, respectively. It can be concluded that the A. lanata extract inhibited the activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase uncompetitively, which may be attributed to its free radical-scavenging properties and rich phenolic composition.

In vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical analyses of Acalypha godseffiana (Euphobiaceae) leaf extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
S.O. Olubodun ◽  
G.E. Eriyamremu ◽  
M.E. Ayevbuomwan ◽  
C.I. Nzoputa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The presence of various bioactive components makes it necessary to analyse plants for their potential to act as a source of useful treatments and cures for many inflammatory, infectious and pathogenic diseases. This study was carried out to determine phytochemicals and in-vitro antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts of Acalypha godseffiana. The leaves of A. godseffiana were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted separately with methanol and water using maceration method. The extract was concentrated in vacuo with rotary evaporator at 40oC. The extracts were subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis and different anti-oxidant analytical procedures like FRAP, DPPH etc to determine the radical scavenging capabilities. The results of phytochemical analysis estimated the quantities and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids which varied in both extracts. The methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited antioxidant activities with relatively high IC50 (IC50 = 3.67 ìg/ml and 4.42ìg/ml respectively) which accounted for a low free radical-scavenging activity when compared with the reference antioxidant, vitamin C (IC50 = 1.51ìg/ml). The results of the study indicates that A. godseffiana leaf extracts contain secondary metabolites and possesses antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaC.B.Cl. (Acanthaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adesegun ◽  
A. Fajana ◽  
C. I. Orabueze ◽  
H. A. B. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chelating Ability

The antioxidant activities of crude extract ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaleaf were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol and BHT as synthetic antioxidants and ascorbic acid as natural-based antioxidant.In vitro, we studied its antioxidative activities, radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+-chelating ability and reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The extract showed variable activities in all of thesein vitrotests. The antioxidant effect ofP. fascisepalawas strongly dose dependent, increased with increasing leaf extract dose and then leveled off with further increase in extract dose. Compared to other antioxidants used in the study, α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT,P. fascisepalaleaf extract showed less scavenging effect on α,α,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and less reducing power on Fe3+/ferricyanide complex but better Fe2+-chelating ability. These results revealed thein vitroantioxidant activity ofP.fascisepala.Further investigations are necessary to verify these activitiesin vivo.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antioxidant Properties of Methanol and Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Geophila obvallata

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iserhienrhien Lucky Osafanme ◽  
Okolie Paulinus Ngozi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Reducing Ability

Aim: This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Geophila obvallata using standard methods. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antioxidant assays carried out were 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, Nitric oxide (NO•) radical scavenging activity assay, 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical cation scavenging assay, ferric reducing properties and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, saponins, terpernoids and cardiac glycosides in both extracts. Relative to the aqueous extract, the methanol extract contained a higher amount of the secondary metabolites. However, both extracts exhibited appreciable and dose-dependent capacities for quenching DPPH, ABTS•+ and NO• free radicals, and potent ferric reducing ability to levels comparable to those of ascorbic acid. The crude methanol extract showed significantly increased (P<0.05) antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. Conclusion: It was concluded that the extract possesses strong antioxidant properties due to its content of phytochemicals, and provides scientific basis for its ethno medicinal applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 2-(2,4-Dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-Acetamides Containing 1,3,4-Thia/Oxadiazole Moieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6710-6722
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acetyl Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Ethanol Medium ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability

A series of novel 1,3,4-thia(oxa)diazole substituted 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidine-5-ylidene)-acetamides 3a-c, 4 and 5a-k have been synthesized following the acylation reaction of 2-amino-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol and it’s S-alkylated derivatives with 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidine-5-ylidene)acetyl chloride in dioxane medium. The functionalization of compounds 3b, 3c, 5d and 5e was carried out on their N3 position under N-alkylation conditions with N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides in DMF/ethanol medium yielded the corresponding 2,4-dioxothiazolidine-3,5-diacetic acid diamides 6a-e and 7a-b. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by using 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antioxidant activity evaluation in vitro of the synthesized compounds was performed by the method of scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. As a result, the highly active compound 4, namely 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-N-(5-mercapto-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide was found to be the most efficient candidate among all compounds with a radical scavenging ability of 88.9%, which was comparable that for ascorbic acid (92.7%). The experimentally calculated IC50 value of 43.1 µM for compound 4 was lower than for ascorbic acid (50.5 µM).

scholarly journals On the Anticataractogenic Effects of L-Carnosine: Is It Best Described as an Antioxidant, Metal-Chelating Agent or Glycation Inhibitor?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy Abdelkader ◽  
Michael Longman ◽  
Raid G. Alany ◽  
Barbara Pierscionek
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Lens Epithelial Cells ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Human Lens Epithelial Cells

Purpose.L-Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide which recently gained popularity as an anticataractogenic agent due to its purported antioxidant activities. There is a paucity of research and conclusive evidence to support such claims. This work offers compelling data that help clarify the mechanism(s) behind the anticataract properties of L-carnosine.Methods.Direct in vitro antioxidant free radical scavenging properties were assayed using three different antioxidant (TEAC, CUPRAC, and DPPH) assays. Indirect in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant assays were studied by measuring glutathione bleaching capacity and total sulfhydryl (SH) capacity of bovine lens homogenates as well as hydrogen-peroxide-stress assay using human lens epithelial cells. Whole porcine lenses were incubated in high galactose media to study the anticataract effects of L-carnosine. MTT cytotoxicity assays were conducted on human lens epithelial cells.Results.The results showed that L-carnosine is a highly potent antiglycating agent but with weak metal chelating and antioxidant properties. There were no significant decreases in lens epithelial cell viability compared to negative controls. Whole porcine lenses incubated in high galactose media and treated with 20 mM L-carnosine showed a dramatic inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation as evidenced by NBT and boronate affinity chromatography assays.Conclusion.L-Carnosine offers prospects for investigating new methods of treatment for diabetic cataract and any diseases that are caused by glycation.

Peripherally substituted soluble nickel phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, aggregation behavior and antioxidant properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 1478-1485
Author(s):  
Senem Çolak Yazıcı ◽  
Sibel Kahraman ◽  
Salih Z. Yıldız ◽  
Mahmut D. Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability

Tetra-zwitterionic-substituted nickel(II) phthalocyanine derivatives were newly synthesized starting from nonionic 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-[2-([Formula: see text]-((3-dimethylamino)propyl)carbamate)oxyethyl)phthalocyaninato nickel (II). The novel compounds have been characterized by a combination of UV-vis, FT-IR and mass spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The critical micelle concentrations of the prepared compounds were measured, and the antioxidant activities were analyzed with radical scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). The zwitterionic molecules showed aggregated spectra in the UV-vis region, and they might be good surfactant candidates for the detergent industry with their appropriate critical micelle concentration (CMC) properties in water. The compounds exhibited ABTS radical scavenging activity and thus they have antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Domestic Cooking Effects of Bambara Groundnuts and Common Beans in the Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenol Profiles

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nyau ◽  
S. Prakash ◽  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
J. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Processing of legumes before consumption has several effects on micronutrients, macronutrients and phytonutrients. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of domestic processing on antioxidant activities and phenolic phytochemicals of the red bambara groundnuts and red beans. The study employed in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH and FRAP) to screen for antioxidant properties, HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and Folin Ciocalteu assay to screen for phenolic phytochemical profiles. Domestic cooking displayed positive effects on the antioxidant activity and phenolic phytochemical profiles of the two legumes. The free radical scavenging speed increased 10-fold in the methanolic extract from cooked red bambara groundnuts compared to uncooked. By contrast, the free radical scavenging speed increased 20-fold in the methanolic extract from cooked red beans compared to uncooked. HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS profiles of the cooked red bambara groundnuts and red beans revealed a number of emergent phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids. These data indicate that cooking appear to enhance the nutraceutical profiles of the legumes investigated.

Evaluation of the Potential Cardioprotective Activity of Some Saudi Plants against Doxorubicin Toxicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. Ashour ◽  
Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim ◽  
Hossam M. Abdallah ◽  
Ayman A. Nagy ◽  
Ahmed M. Mohamadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Cordia Myxa

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several tumours. However, its cardiac toxicity limits its use at maximum therapeutic doses. Most studies implicated increased oxidative stress as the major determinant of DOX cardiotoxicity. The local Saudi flora is very rich in a variety of plants of quite known folkloric or traditional medicinal uses. Tribulus macropterus Boiss., Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green, Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst., Cynomorium coccineum L., Cordia myxa L., Calligonum comosum L’ Hér, and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal are Saudi plants known to have antioxidant activities. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential protective effects of methanolic extracts of these seven Saudi plants against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Two plants showed promising cardioprotective potential in the order Calligonum comosum > Cordia myxa. The two plant extracts showed potent in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. They significantly protected against DOX-induced alterations in cardiac oxidative stress markers (GSH and MDA) and cardiac serum markers (CK-MB and LDH activities). Additionally, histopathological examination indicated a protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, C. comosum and C. myxa exerted protective activity against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which is, at least partly, due to their antioxidant effect

scholarly journals Combined Effect on Antioxidant Properties of Gymnema Sylvestre and Combretum Micranthum Leaf Extracts and the Relationship to Hypoglycemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. ◽  
Onyike E. ◽  
Nok A.J. ◽  
Umar I.A.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Combretum Micranthum ◽  
The Relationship

Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. (“periploca of the woods” in English; “Kafi suga” in Hausa) (Asclepiadaceae) and Combretum micranthum, Fam. (Géézà in Hausa) (Combretaceae)) are used in combination for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria with little or no scientific basis. It is thus the aim of this research to validate the anti-diabetic activities of G. sylvestre (GS) and C. micranthum (CM) leaf extracts, individually and in combined form (GSCM) as well as look at the relationship between antioxidant capacity and anti-hyperglycemic potential of these plants. The study assayed for anti-diabetic potential by following fasting blood glucose (FBG). Levels of liver catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reaction oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and radical scavenging activities of the plants were assayed for spectrophotometrically. GS and CM revealed good ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and radical scavenging activities against ABTS, DPPH and Nitric Oxide with C. micranthum being significantly better - both plants also showed good total flavonoids and total phenolic contents. The anti-hyperglycemic activities may be associated with flavonoids and phenolic compounds which act via radical scavenging/antioxidant properties of the plants’ extracts. In conclusion, G. sylvestre and C. micranthum aqueous leaf extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) hypoglycaemic activities both separately and in a 1:1 combination which has strong correlation with both in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of the plants’ extracts.

scholarly journals Investigation of invitro Antioxidant and invivo Protective Effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Seed Methanol Extracts against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Acute Myelotoxicity, Hemotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songul Cetik Yildiz ◽  
Cumali Keskin ◽  
Adnan Ayhanci
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Methanol Extracts

The aim of this study was to investigate in-vitro antioxidant properties and in-vivo protective effects of different concentrations of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. (HT) seed methanol extracts against acute hepatotoxicity, myelotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats exposed to overdose of cyclophosphamide (CP). HT seed methanol extracts were tested in view of its in-vitro antioxidant activities as total phenolic contents and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. To investigate in-vivo protective effects of HT seed methanol extracts on rat tissues; tested animals were divided into nine groups. Three groups only were treated with HT extracts (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg HT) for 6 days. Three groups were pre-treated with the extract of HT (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg HT) for 6 days and on the last day they were injected with single dose of CP (150-mg/kg body weight). Two groups were used as control groups and one group was only treated with CP (150 mg/kg) on the 6th day. The toxic effects of CP and protective effects of HT extracts on the nucleated cells which were produced by bone marrow and serum alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were investigated biochemically. Additionally, liver tissue samples were examined histopathologically. Our results show that HT seed methanol extract has high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Over dose CP administration caused hepatotoxicity, myelotoxicity and hematotoxicity on rat. Whereas, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg HT plus CP administered groups showed significant protective effects on nucleated cells. And 25, 50, 100 mg/kg HT plus CP treated groups showed an important decrease on serum ALT, ALP, LDH and OSI levels when compared with CP treated group. Our results showed that the administration of different HT doses with high doses of CP significantly reduced hepatotoxicity, myelotoxicity and hematoxicity on rats.

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