scholarly journals Low-Cost SCADA System Using Arduino and Reliance SCADA for a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Allafi ◽  
Tariq Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Hybrid Power Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Set Up

SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems are currently employed in many applications, such as home automation, greenhouse automation, and hybrid power systems. Commercial SCADA systems are costly to set up and maintain; therefore those are not used for small renewable energy systems. This paper demonstrates applying Reliance SCADA and Arduino Uno on a small photovoltaic (PV) power system to monitor the PV current, voltage, and battery, as well as efficiency. The designed system uses low-cost sensors, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and free Reliance SCADA software. The Arduino Uno microcontroller collects data from sensors and communicates with a computer through a USB cable. Uno has been programmed to transmit data to Reliance SCADA on PC. In addition, Modbus library has been uploaded on Arduino to allow communication between the Arduino and our SCADA system by using MODBUS RTU protocol. The results of the experiments demonstrate that SCADA works in real time and can be effectively used in monitoring a solar energy system.

scholarly journals Optimal Battery Sizing of a Grid-Connected Residential Photovoltaic System for Cost Minimization using PSO Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4905-4911
Author(s):  
N. Regis ◽  
C. M. Muriithi ◽  
L. Ngoo
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Battery Energy

This paper proposes a new optimization technique that uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in residential grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The optimization technique targets the sizing of the battery storage system. With the liberation of power systems, the residential grid-connected photovoltaic system can supply power to the grid during peak hours or charge the battery during non-peak hours for later domestic use or for selling back to the grid during peak hours. However, this can only be achieved when the battery energy system in the residential photovoltaic system is optimized. The developed PSO algorithm aims at optimizing the battery capacity that will lower the operation cost of the system. The computational efficiency of the developed algorithm is demonstrated using real PV data from Strathmore University. A comparative study of a PV system with and without battery energy storage is carried out and the simulation results demonstrate that PV system with battery is more efficient when optimized with PSO.

Investigation on Optimal Electric Energy Storage Capacity to Maximize Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Hyomun Lee ◽  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Jongho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract Battery systems are critical factors in the effective use of renewable energy systems because the self-production of electricity by renewables for self-consumption has become profitable for building applications. This study investigates the appropriate capacity of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) installed in all-electric zero energy power houses (AEZEPHs). The AEZEPH used for this study is a highly energy-efficient house. Its criteria indicate that all the electrical energy within the home is covered based on the generated electricity from on-site renewable energy systems, including that the annual net site energy use is almost equal to zero. The experiment for measured data of electricity consumed and generated in the buildings is conducted for a year (i.e., Jan. through Dec. 2014). Based on the measured data, patterns of the electricity consumed by the AEZEPH and generated by an on-site renewable energy system (i.e., photovoltaic (PV) system), and BESS's appropriate capacity is then analyzed and evaluated using the EES analysis tool, named Poly-sun. This study indicates that self-consumption can be increased up to 66% when the ESS system is installed and used during operating hours of the PV system. The amount of received electricity during the week tends to be reduced by about two times.

scholarly journals Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Malik ◽  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ajmal Farooq ◽  
Ali Algahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Charge Pump ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems

In an attempt to meet the global demand, renewable energy systems (RES) have gained an interest in it due to the availability of the resources, especially solar photovoltaic system that has been an importance since many years because of per watt cost reduction, improvement in efficiency, and abundant availability. Photovoltaic system in remote and rural areas is very useful where a grid supply is unavailable. In this scenario, power electronic converters are an integral part of the renewable energy systems particularly for electronic devices which are operated from renewable energy sources and energy storage system (fuel cell and batteries). In this article, a new topology of charge pump capacitor (CPC) which is based on high voltage gain technique DC-DC boost converter (DCBC) with dynamic modeling is proposed. To testify the efficacy of the introduced topology, a prototype has been developed in a laboratory, where input was given 10VDC and 80VDC output voltage achieved at the load side. Furthermore, the experimental result shows that the voltage stress of MOSFET switches is very less in comparison with the conventional boost converter with the same parameters as the proposed converter.

scholarly journals An Embedded Sensor Node for the Surveillance of Power Quality

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guerrero-Rodríguez ◽  
Cobos-Sánchez ◽  
González-de-la-Rosa ◽  
Sales-Lérida
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Software Application

The energy supply of office buildings and smart homes is a key issue in the global energy system. The growing use of microelectronics-based technology achieves new devices for a more comfortable life and wider use of electronic office equipment. On the one hand, these applications incorporate more and more sensitive electronic devices which are potentially affected by any external electrical transient. On the other hand, the existing electrical loads, which generally use electronic power systems (such as different types of battery chargers, ballasts, inverters, switching power supplies, etc.), generate different kinds of transients in their own electrical internal network. Moreover, improvements in the information of the state of the mains alternating current (AC) power line allows risk evaluation of any disturbance caused to permanently connected electronic equipment, such as computers, appliances, home security systems, phones, TVs, etc. For this reason, it is nowadays more important to introduce monitoring solutions into the electrical network to measure the level of power quality so that it can protect itself when necessary. This article describes a small and compact detector using a low-cost microcontroller and a very simple direct acquiring circuit. In addition; it analyzes different methods to implement various power quality (PQ) surveillance algorithms that can be implemented in this proposed minimum hardware platform. Hence; it is possible to achieve cheap and low-power monitoring devices that can become nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN). The work shows that using a small computational effort; reasonable execution speed; and acceptable reliability; this solution can be used to detect a variety of large disturbance phenomena and spread the respective failure report through a 433 MHz or 2.4 GHz radio transmitter. Therefore, this work can easily be extended to the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Simultaneously, a software application (PulsAC) has been developed to monitor the microcontroller’s real-time progress and detection capability. Moreover, this high-level code (C++ language), allows us to test and debug the different utilized algorithms that will be later run by the microcontroller unit. These tests have been performed with real signals introduced by a function generator and superimposed on the true AC sine wave

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective and Efficient Electronic Design for Photovoltaic Systems for Solar Hot Water Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10270
Author(s):  
Luis Cámara-Díaz ◽  
José Ramírez-Faz ◽  
Rafael López-Luque ◽  
Francisco José Casares
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Set Up

A significant percentage of energy consumption in buildings is to produce hot water. Photovoltaic solar heating can be considered a clean and renewable energy option—easy to install, silent, and without maintenance—to replace the consumption of fossil fuels used in this process. This paper presents a study that simulates the heating process using thermal electrical resistors powered by photovoltaic solar energy. For this purpose, a solar hot water installation has been set up. This installation consists of a water tank with an electric resistance connected to photovoltaic modules by means of a low-cost experimental electronic conversion system. This electronic system has been developed to avoid the need for inverters or batteries, typical of traditional photovoltaic solar installations. It is an isolated system since it is not connected to the power grid. The photovoltaic solar modules, the tank, and its heating resistance correspond to commercial models. This electronic system has a 95.06% yield, and it operates across the whole irradiance’s daily curve, having verified its operation over several months. Even though this is an experimental electronic device, it is financially viable as the cost of its components is below EUR 60 per kW peak capacity. The results obtained in a proper functioning system are promising, demonstrating the technical feasibility and economic advantages of using this type of isolated photovoltaic system to power heating processes.

scholarly journals Household Energy Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Piotr Powroźnik ◽  
Robert Szulim ◽  
Wiesław Miczulski ◽  
Krzysztof Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Management Algorithm

Ensuring flexibility and security in power systems requires the use of appropriate management measures on the demand side. The article presents the results of work related to energy management in households in which renewable energy sources (RES) can be installed. The main part of the article is about the developed elastic energy management algorithm (EEM), consisting of two algorithms, EEM1 and EEM2. The EEM1 algorithm is activated in time periods with a higher energy price. Its purpose is to reduce the power consumed by the appliances to the level defined by the consumer. In contrast, the EEM2 algorithm is run by the Distribution System Operator (DSO) when peak demand occurs. Its purpose is to reduce the power of appliances in a specified time period to the level defined by the DSO. The optimization tasks in both algorithms are based on the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) metaheuristic algorithm. The EEM1 and EEM2 algorithms also provide energy consumer comfort. For this purpose, both algorithms take into account the smart appliance parameters proposed in the article: sections of the working devices, power reduction levels, priorities and enablingof time shifting devices. The EEM algorithm in its operation also takes into account the information about the production of power, e.g., generated by the photovoltaic systems. On this basis, it makes decisions on the control of smart appliances. The EEM algorithm also enables inverter control to limit the power transferred from the photovoltaic system to the energy system. Such action is taken on the basis of the DSO request containing the information on the power limits. Such a structure of EEM enables the balancing of energy demand and supply. The possibility of peak demand phenomenon will be reduced. The simulation and experiment results presented in the paper confirmed the rationality and effectiveness of the EEM algorithm.

scholarly journals Optimum Implementation Renewable Energy Systems in Remote Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mozaffarilegha ◽  
Sanaz Rashidifard ◽  
Mohammad Mozaffarilegha
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
High Price ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Fuel Prices

The growth in energy consumption and the lack of access to the electricity network in remote areas, rising fossil fuel prices, the importance of using renewable energy in these areas is increasing. The integration of these resources to provide local loads has introduced a concept called microgrid. Optimal utilization of renewable energy systems is one of their most important issues. Due to the high price of equipment such as wind turbine, solar panels and batteries, capacity sizing of the equipment is vital. In this paper, presents an algorithm based on techno-economic for assessment optimum design of a renewable energy system including photovoltaic system, batteries and wind turbine is presented.

Development of a Capacitor Probe to Detect Subsurface Deterioration in Concrete

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Diefenderfer ◽  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
J. J. Yoho ◽  
S. M. Riad ◽  
A. Loulizi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTPortland cement concrete (PCC) structures deteriorate with age and need to be maintained or replaced. Early detection of deterioration in PCC (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, freeze/thaw damage, or chloride presence) can lead to significant reductions in maintenance costs. However, it is often too late to perform low-cost preventative maintenance by the time deterioration becomes evident. By developing techniques that would enable civil engineers to evaluate PCC structures and detect deterioration at early stages (without causing further damage), optimization of life-cycle costs of the constructed facility and minimization of disturbance to the facility users can be achieved.Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are potentially one of the most useful techniques ever developed for assessing constructed facilities. They are noninvasive and can be performed rapidly. Portland cement concrete can be nondestructively evaluated by electrically characterizing its complex dielectric constant. The real part of the dielectric constant depicts the velocity of electromagnetic waves in PCC. The imaginary part, termed the “loss factor,” describes the conductivity of PCC and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves.Dielectric properties of PCC have been investigated in a laboratory setting using a parallel plate capacitor operating in the frequency range of 0.1 to 40.1MIHz. This capacitor set-up consists of two horizontal-parallel plates with an adjustable separation for insertion of a dielectric specimen (PCC). While useful in research, this approach is not practical for field implementation. A new capacitor probe has been developed which consists of two plates, located within the same horizontal plane, for placement upon the specimen to be tested. Preliminary results show that this technique is feasible and results are promising; further testing and evaluation is currently underway.

Open Loop Speed Control Of Brushless DC Motor Using Low Cost Arduino UNO Processor

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Potnuru Devendra ◽  
Mary K. Alice ◽  
Ch. Sai Babu ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Brushless Dc Motor ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Arduino Uno
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