scholarly journals The Ability of Different Ketohexoses to Alter Apo-A-I Structure and Function In Vitro and to Induce Hepatosteatosis, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Plasma Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Suk-Jeong Kim ◽  
Myung Ae Bae ◽  
Jae-Ryong Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Oil Red O

In the current study, we have tested the nonenzymatic glycation activities of ketohexoses, such as tagatose and psicose. Although tagatose-treated apoA-I (t-A-I) and psicose-treated apoA-I (p-A-I) exerted more inhibitory activity you cupric ion-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) phagocytosis into macrophage than fructose-treated apoA-I (f-A-I). In the lipid-free state, t-A-I and f-A-I showed more multimerized band without crosslinking. Since t-A-I lost its phospholipid binding ability, the rHDL formation was not as successful as f-A-I. However, injecting t-A-I showed more antioxidant activities in zebrafish embryo under the presence of oxLDL. Three weeks of consumption of fructose (50% of wt in Tetrabit/4% cholesterol) showed a 14% elevation of serum triacylglycerol (TG), while tagatose-administered group showed 30% reduction in serum TG compared to high cholesterol control. Fructose-fed group showed the biggest area of Oil Red O staining with the intensity as strong as the HCD control. However, tagatose-consumed group showed much lesser Oil Red O-stained area with the reduction of lipid accumulation. In conclusion, although tagatose treatment caused modification of apoA-I, the functional loss was not as much severe as the fructose treatment in macrophage cell model, zebrafish embryo, and hypercholesterolemic zebrafish model.

Antioxidant Activity of Olive Polyphenols in Humans: a Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Raederstorff
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
In Vitro Assays

In vitro and animal studies show that polyphenols from olives have potent antioxidant activities; 50 % of the phenolic compounds contained in olives and virgin olive oil are hydroxytyrosol and derivatives thereof. Hydroxytyrosol is the major olive polyphenol consumed and well absorbed in humans. It is considered to have the highest antioxidant potency compared to the other olive polyphenols. Review of the human intervention studies showed that olive polyphenols decreased the levels of oxidized-LDL in plasma and positively affected several biomarkers of oxidative damage. The antioxidant effects of olive polyphenols on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation are observed after a dietary intake of about 10 mg per day. The overall evidence from in vitro assays, and animal and human studies support the antioxidant effect of olive polyphenols. However, further larger human studies are needed to clarify the effect of olive polyphenols on markers of oxidative stress, particularly DNA damage and plasma isoprostane levels.

Vascular responses and ion exchange in diabetes: Authors' reply

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
J. M. Ritter ◽  
G. C. Viberti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Sensitivity

1. Na+/Li+ countertransport is not a gold standard, or indeed any other kind of standard. It is a measure of the activity of one particular cation exchanger. 2. There is a large body of literature regarding the effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in experimental animals and in vitro. Whether abnormal oxidized LDL or one of many other possible mechanisms underlies the inverse relationship that we observed between vascular sensitivity in vivo to nitroprusside or carbachol with erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport in diabetic patients remains to be seen. 3. We caution against post hoc subgroup analysis (smokers versus non-smokers, low versus high plasma lipid levels, etc.) in studies of this size.

Gemfibrozil metabolite inhibits in vitro low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and diminishes cytotoxicity induced by oxidized LDL

Metabolism ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunobu Kawamura ◽  
Shigeru Miyazaki ◽  
Tamio Teramoto ◽  
Keiko Ashidate ◽  
Hisako Thoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Cultivation and Immortalization of Human B-Cells Producing a Human Monoclonal IgM Antibody Binding to MDA-LDL: Further Evidence for Formation of Atherogenic MDA-LDL Adducts in HumansIn Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Tatzber ◽  
Edith Pursch ◽  
Ulrike Resch ◽  
Roswitha Pfragner ◽  
Sandra Holasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Human B Cells

Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oLDL) is firmly believed to play an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) is one of the major lipid peroxidation breakdown products involved in this process. In recent decades, antibodies against MDA-LDL have been detected in human and animal sera. In our study, human B-cells from the peripheral blood of a healthy female donor were fused with the SP2/0 mouse myeloma cell line. Antibody-producing hybridomas were detected by MDA-LDL-IgG/IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Cu++-oxidized LDL IgG/IgM (oLAb) ELISA. Cells with supernatants emitting positive signals for antibodies were then cloned and after sufficient multiplication frozen and stored under liquid nitrogen. Due to the loss of antibody-producing ability, we established an MDA-LDL-IgM-producing cell line by recloning. This allowed isolation and immortalization of several human B-cells. The human donor had not been immunized with MDA-modified proteins, thus obviously producing MDA-LDL antibodiesin vivo. Furthermore, using these antibodies forin vitroexperiments, we were able to demonstrate that MDA epitopes are among the epitopes generated during Cu++-LDL oxidation as well. Finally, these antibodies compete in ELISA and cell culture experiments with MDA as a challenging toxin or ligand.

Protective effect of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and garlic (Allium sativum) on induced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puttaswamy Mukthamba ◽  
Krishnapura Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds

AbstractDietary fenugreek seeds (Fenugreek seeds, garlic, and their combination were included along with a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks.Iron-induced oxidation of LDL in vivo was considerably lowered by dietary fenugreek and garlic. The extent of copper-induced oxidation of isolated LDL in vitro was also significantly lesser in fenugreek-fed or fenugreek+garlic-fed rats. Anodic electrophoretic mobility of the oxidized LDL on agarose gel in case of spice-fed animals was decreased and hence consistent with the observed protective influence on LDL oxidation. Dietary fenugreek, garlic, and their combination significantly lowered lipid peroxide levels in plasma, liver, and heart in iron (II)-administered rats. The results suggest that these two dietary spices have protective effect on LDL oxidation under normal situation as well as in hypercholesterolemic situation. The protective effect of the combination of dietary fenugreek and garlic on LDL oxidation both in vivo and in vitro was greater than that of the individual spices.The protective effect of dietary fenugreek and garlic on LDL oxidation both in vivo and in vitro as evidenced in the present study is suggestive of their cardioprotective potential since LDL oxidation is a key factor in the arteriosclerotic process.

scholarly journals Polyphenols in Almond Skins after Blanching Modulate Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Humans

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Oliver Chen ◽  
Paul E. Milbury ◽  
Jeffrey B. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Gpx Activity

Almond skins are a waste byproduct of blanched almond production. Polyphenols extracted from almond skins possess antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we examined the pharmacokinetic profile of almond skin polyphenols (ASP) and their effect on measures of oxidative stress. In a randomized crossover trial, seven adults consumed two acute ASP doses (225 mg (low, L) or 450 mg (high, H) total phenols) in skim milk or milk alone. Plasma flavonoids, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG), and resistance of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation were measured over 10 h. The H dose increased catechin and naringenin in plasma, with maximum concentrations of 44.3 and 19.3 ng/mL, respectively. The GSH/GSSG ratio at 3 h after the H doses was 212% of the baseline value, as compared to 82% after milk (p = 0.003). Both ASP doses upregulated GPx activity by 26–35% from the baseline at 15, 30, 45, and 120 min after consumption. The in vitro addition of α-tocopherol extended the lag time of LDL oxidation at 3 h after L and H consumption by 144.7% and 165.2% of that at 0 h compared to no change after milk (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ASP are bioavailable and modulate GSH status, GPx activity, and the resistance of LDL to oxidation.

Effects of lactic acid bacteria on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation and aortic fatty lesion formation in hyperlipidemic hamsters

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ito ◽  
K. Oishi ◽  
Y. Yoshida ◽  
T. Okumura ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lag Times

We investigated the effects of Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2001, a strain of lactic acid bacteria, on the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation and the formation of aortic fatty lesions in hyperlipidemic hamsters. S. thermophilus YIT 2001 had the highest in vitro antioxidative activity against LDL oxidation among the 79 strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria tested, which was about twice that of S. thermophilus YIT 2084. The lag time of LDL oxidation in the YIT 2001 feeding group was significantly longer than in controls, but was unchanged in the YIT 2084 group. After the feeding of YIT 2001, lag times were prolonged and areas of aortic fatty lesions were dose-dependently attenuated, although there were no effects on plasma lipid levels. These results suggest that YIT 2001 has the potential to prevent the formation of aortic fatty lesions by inhibiting LDL oxidation.

Effect of Curcumin on LDL Oxidation in Vitro, and Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes in Cholesterol Fed Rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahfouz ◽  
Zhou ◽  
A. Kummerow
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Pure Cholesterol

In this study we examined the antioxidant effect of curcumin on lipid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, curcumin at 5 microgM concentration completely prevented low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by CuS04, indicating that curcumin is an effective antioxidant in vitro. In vivo, feeding a pure cholesterol (PC)-rich diet to rabbits significantly increased the plasma and liver lipids as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Addition of curcumin to the PC diet did not show any effect on either plasma lipid and TBARS or liver lipids. Liver TBARS tended to decrease but that decrease was not significant. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly decreased while catalase activity was significantly increased in rabbits fed a PC diet. The addition of curcumin to a PC diet did not show any significant effect on erythrocyte enzyme activities compared to the rabbits fed a PC diet. The liver GSH-Px and catalase activities were significantly decreased in rabbits fed a PC diet, but the addition of curcumin to the PC diet enhanced the liver GSH-Px activity, which became nonsignificantly different from the control group. These results were discussed considering that curcumin may not be well absorbed and it did not reach a level high enough in vivo to overcome the severe hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress produced by the PC-rich diet.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antiadipogenic Activities of Galkeun-Tang, a Traditional Korean Herbal Formula

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Jeong ◽  
Sae-Rom Yoo ◽  
Ohn-Soon Kim ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Galkeun-tang (GKT;Galgen-tangin Chinese andKakkon-toin Japanese), a traditional herbal formula, has been used for treatment of the common cold. Here, we reportin vitroantioxidant and antiadipogenic effects of GKT. GKT increased the activities of scavenging 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. GKT also significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) generation during low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the electrophoretic mobility of oxidized LDL, indicating inhibitory effects of GKT on Cu2+-mediated oxidation of LDL. Regarding antiadipogenic activity, GKT treatment significantly suppressed lipid accumulation, triglyceride production, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Consistent with this, GKT significantly reduced the secretion of leptin, a major adipokine, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, our findings suggest that GKT has the potential for antioxidative and antiadipogenic properties.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Triphala against Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wanchen Ning ◽  
Simin Li ◽  
Jokyab Tsering ◽  
Yihong Ma ◽  
Honghong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Zebrafish Model

Background. Oxidative stress is implicated in the progression of many neurological diseases, which could be induced by various chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acrylamide. Triphala is a well-recognized Ayurvedic medicine that possesses different therapeutic properties (e.g., antihistamine, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticariogenic effects). However, little information is available regarding the neuroprotective effect of Triphala on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods. An in vitro H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell model and an in vivo acrylamide-induced zebrafish model were established. Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation were examined by MTT assay, ELISA, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The molecular mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of Triphala against H2O2 was investigated dose dependently by Western blotting. The in vivo neuroprotective effect of Triphala on acrylamide-induced oxidative injury in Danio rerio was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Results. The results indicated that Triphala plays a neuroprotective role against H2O2 toxicity in inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, Triphala pretreatment suppressed the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) signal pathway (p-Erk1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38), whereas it restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase) in the H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Consistently, similar protective effects of Triphala were observed in declining neuroapoptosis and scavenging free radicals in the zebrafish central neural system, possessing a critical neuroprotective property against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion. In summary, Triphala is a promising neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and zebrafishes with significant antiapoptosis and antioxidant activities.

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