scholarly journals Insecticide Resistance Associated with kdr Mutations in Aedes albopictus: An Update on Worldwide Evidences

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Auteri ◽  
Francesco La Russa ◽  
Valeria Blanda ◽  
Alessandra Torina
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pressure Selection

Insecticide resistance is an increasing problem worldwide that limits the efficacy of control methods against several pests of health interest. Among them, Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are efficient vectors of relevant pathogens causing animal and human diseases worldwide, including yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika. Different mechanisms are associated in conferring resistance to chemical insecticides. One of the most widespread and analysed mechanisms is the knockdown resistance (kdr) causing resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. The mechanism is associated with mutations in the voltage sensitive sodium channel, which is involved in beginning and propagation of action potentials in nervous cells. The mechanism was originally discovered in the housefly and then it was found in a large number of arthropods. In 2011, a kdr associated mutation was evidenced for the first time in A. albopictus and afterward several evidences were reported in the different areas of the world, including China, USA, Brazil, India, and Mediterranean Countries. This review aims to update and summarize current evidences on kdr in A. albopictus, in order to stimulate further researches to analyse in depth A. albopictus resistance status across the world, especially in countries where the presence of this vector is still an emerging issue. Such information is currently needed given the well-known vector role of A. albopictus in the transmission of severe infectious diseases. Furthermore, the widespread use of chemical insecticides for control strategies against A. albopictus progressively lead to pressure selection inducing the rise of insecticide resistance-related mutations in the species. Such event is especially evident in some countries as China, often related to a history of uncontrolled use of chemical insecticides. Thus, a careful picture on the diffusion of kdr mutations worldwide represents a milestone for the implementation of control plans and the triggering of novel research on alternative strategies for mosquito-borne infections.

Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.

scholarly journals At the origins of epic work (to the history of the first chapter of V.P. Astafiev’s novel “Damned and Killed”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Anastasiia I. Imennykh
Keyword(s):  
Title Complex ◽  
The Novel ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Number Of Authors

The article is devoted to two early draft autographs of the first chapter of V.P. Astafievs novel Damned and Killed, discovered in the State Archive of the Perm Krai. They are compared in detail with each other and with the definitive text, which allows to clarify for the first time some essential aspects of the creative history of the work of Victor Astafiev at its initial stage. The analysis made it possible to understand the sequence and meaning of a number of authors decisions. The artistic imagery and stylistics of the novel tightened. This was reflected in the alteration of the title complex, as well as in a change in the visual angle, in strengthening the epic principle, and the increasing role of sound. Biographically motivated was the change in the name and surname of the protagonist Lyosha Shestakov (originally - Tolya Mazov). At the same time, the identification of differences between handwritten drafts and the final version showed that they do not affect the conceptual essence of the epic novel. The idea of war as an unnatural state of the world, as a series of events that irreparably traumatize human nature, unites all options, acquiring great expressiveness during the course of Astafievs work on the book.

scholarly journals Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Cedric Zimbombe Vulu ◽  
Gillon Ilombe ◽  
Lucrecia Vizcaino ◽  
Joachim Mariën ◽  
Yasue Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
First Time

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors of public health concern. Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) faces a long-standing risk of Aedes-borne viruses, data on insecticide resistance of Aedes populations are absent. To address this gap, we investigated insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in areas with a high risk of arbovirus transmission. We also investigated the frequency of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in Ae. aegypti. Immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected from two sites in Kinshasa (Lingwala and Cité Verte) between April and July 2017 and reared to the adult stage. Wild-caught adult Ae. aegypti were collected in 2016 in another site (Ngaliema). Female Ae. aegypti (from Lingwala) and Ae. albopictus (from Cité Verte) were used in WHO tube insecticide susceptibility tests. The F1534C, V1016I and V410L kdr mutations were genotyped in Ae. aegypti from Lingwala and Ngaliema. We observed Ae. aegypti to be susceptible to bendiocarb, propoxur and malathion, suspected resistant to permethrin, and resistant to deltamethrin and DDT. Aedes albopictus was susceptible to bendiocarb, propoxur, malathion and permethrin, suspected resistant to deltamethrin and resistant to DDT. While F1534C and V1016I were not detected, a few Ae. aegypti from Lingwala were heterozygous for the mutation V410L. This study reports for the first time the insecticide resistance status of Aedes spp. and the detection of the kdr mutation V410L in Ae. aegypti in DRC. Given the resistance profile, carbamates and potentially malathion are recommended insecticide options against Ae. aegypti in Kinshasa. It will be important to develop Aedes control strategies based on the resistance patterns of Aedes in Kinshasa.

The Glory of Ancient India Stems from her Aryan Blood: French anthropologists ‘construct’ the racial history of India for the world

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
JYOTI MOHAN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
The World ◽  
Racial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paul Topinard ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn the last century the French presented their race-neutral policies as evidence of their colour blindness. Yet they were among the foremost proponents of race theory and racial hierarchy, which propelled the colonial machine of the nineteenth century. This article examines the role of French academics in creating a position for India in the racial imagination for the first time in history. It examines the motivations behind such a focus on India and the resulting response from Britain, the colonial ruler. The works of Paul Topinard, Louis Rousselet, Arthur Gobineau, and Gustave le Bon are situated in the colonial and political context of the mid-nineteenth century to demonstrate not only that it was the French, and not the Germans, who placed India on an Aryan pedestal, but that this move was propelled by the dream of an unfulfilled French empire in India.

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

Moment's Monument

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Art World ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Modern Sculpture ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
Artistic Heritage

Medardo Rosso (1858–1928) is one of the most original and influential figures in the history of modern art, and this book is the first historically substantiated critical account of his life and work. An innovative sculptor, photographer, and draftsman, Rosso was vital in paving the way for the transition from the academic forms of sculpture that persisted in the nineteenth century to the development of new and experimental forms in the twentieth century. His antimonumental, antiheroic work reflected alienation in the modern experience yet showed deep feeling for interactions between self and other. Rosso's art was transnational: he refused allegiance to a single culture or artistic heritage and declared himself both a citizen of the world and a maker of art without national limits. This book develops a narrative that is an alternative to the dominant Franco-centered perspective on the origin of modern sculpture in which Rodin plays the role of lone heroic innovator. Offering an original way to comprehend Rosso, the book negotiates the competing cultural imperatives of nationalism and internationalism that shaped the European art world at the fin de siècle.

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

The National and the Universal

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-386
Author(s):  
Sarah Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Johann Gottfried Herder ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the continuities between the categories of the “national” and the “universal” in the nineteenth century. It construes these categories as interrelated efforts to create a “world” on various scales. The chapter explores the perceived role of music as a world-making medium within these discourses. It argues that the increased exposure to cultural difference and the interpretation of that cultural difference as distant in time and space shaped a conception of “humanity” in terms of a universal history of world cultures. The chapter reexamines those early nineteenth-century thinkers whose work became inextricably linked with the rise of exclusivist notions of nationalism in the late nineteenth century, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and John Stuart Mill. It draws from their respective treatment of music to recover their early commitment to universalizable principles and their view that the “world” is something that must be actively created rather than empirically observed.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110295
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Taniguchi ◽  
Tomoya Takashima ◽  
Ly Tu ◽  
Raphaël Thuillet ◽  
Asuka Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
First Time

Although precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but severe complication of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), its association with NF2 remains unknown. Herein, we report a case of a 44-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and treated with PAH-specific combination therapy. However, a careful assessment for a relevant family history of the disease and genetic testing reveal that this patient had a mutation in the NF2 gene. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we demonstrated a decrease in endothelial NF2 protein in lungs from IPAH patients compared to control lungs, suggesting a potential role of NF2 in PAH development. To our knowledge, this is the first time that precapillary PH has been described in a patient with NF2. The altered endothelial NF2 expression pattern in PAH lungs should stimulate work to better understand how NF2 is contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodeling associated to these severe life-threatening conditions.

Rudolf Otto: Parallelen und Wertunterschiede im Christentum und Buddhatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-350
Author(s):  
Thomas Linke
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rudolf Otto ◽  
First Time

Abstract This is a new (and for the first time complete) edition of a speech about Buddhism by Rudolf Otto from 1913. This speech is his first academic reflexion of his journey around the world and his most detailed explanation of his view on this religion. In the first part of his speech Otto compares Buddhism with Christianity and finds a lot of parallels. In the second part he defines differences between these two religions and proclaims – from a Christian perspective – Christianity as more valuable than Buddhism. The preface puts the speech into its context: Otto’s relationship to and his knowledge of Buddhism (1), the history of publication of this speech (2), Otto’s specific view on Buddhism in comparison to his contemporaries (3), the meaning of this speech in his œuvre (4) and explanations about the edition (5). The editor has the opinion, that this speech is an important transition from Ottos philosophy of religion to his main work The Idea of the Holy. It further is a good example of what Otto means when speaking about the comparison of religions.

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