scholarly journals Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongpei Song ◽  
David K. C. Cooper ◽  
Zhiming Cai ◽  
Lisha Mou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Mature Microrna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

The pig is an important source of meat production and provides a valuable model for certain human diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is noncoding RNA and regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, plays a critical role in various biological processes. Studies on identification and function of mature miRNAs in multiple pig tissues are increasing, yet the literature is limited. Therefore, we reviewed current research to determine the miRNAs expressed in specific pig tissues that are involved in carcass values (including muscle and adipocytes), reproduction (including pituitary, testis, and ovary), and development of some solid organs (e.g., brain, lung, kidney, and liver). We also discuss the possible regulating mechanisms of miRNA. Finally, as pig organs are suitable candidates for xenotransplantation, biomarkers of their miRNA in xenotransplantation were evaluated.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Wang ◽  
David K.C. Cooper ◽  
Zhiming Cai ◽  
Lisha Mou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Mature Microrna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

The pig is an important source of meat production and provides a valuable model for certain human diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is non-coding RNA and regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, plays a critical role in various biological processes. Studies on identification and function of mature miRNAs in multiple pig tissues are increasing, yet the literature is limited. Therefore, we reviewed current research to determine the miRNAs expressed in specific pig tissues that are involved in carcass values (including muscle and adipocytes), reproduction (including pituitary, testis, and ovary), and development of some solid organs (e.g., brain, lung, kidney, and liver). We also discuss the possible regulating mechanisms of miRNA. Finally, as pig organs are suitable candidates for xenotransplantation, biomarkers of their miRNA in xenotransplantation were evaluated.

scholarly journals Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongpei Song ◽  
David K. C. Cooper ◽  
Zhiming Cai ◽  
Lisha Mou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Mature Microrna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

The pig is an important source of meat production and provides a valuable model for certain human diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is non-coding RNA and regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, plays a critical role in various biological processes. Studies on identification and function of mature miRNAs in multiple pig tissues are increasing, yet the literature is limited. Therefore, we reviewed current research to determine the miRNAs expressed in specific pig tissues that are involved in carcass values (including muscle and adipocytes), reproduction (including pituitary, testis, and ovary), and development of some solid organs (e.g., brain, lung, kidney, and liver). We also discuss the possible regulating mechanisms of miRNA. Finally, as pig organs are suitable candidates for xenotransplantation, biomarkers of their miRNA in xenotransplantation were evaluated.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA 00472: A Novel Biomarker in Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-yang Ren ◽  
Xin-rong Yuan ◽  
Cai-xia Tu ◽  
Jian-ling Shen ◽  
Yun-wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Control Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human diseases. They control gene expression levels and influence various biological processes through multiple mechanisms. Functional abnormalities in lncRNAs are strongly associated with occurrence and development of various diseases. LINC00472, which is located on chromosome 6q13, is involved in several human diseases, particularly cancers of the breast, lung, liver, osteosarcoma, bladder, colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic and stomach. Importantly, LINC00472 can be used as a biomarker for breast cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic regimens, including doxorubicin. LINC00472 is regulated by microRNAs and several signaling pathways. However, the significance of LINC00472 in human diseases has not been clearly established. In this review, we elucidate on the significance of LINC00472 in various human diseases, indicating that LINC00472 may be a diagnostic, prognostic as well as therapeutic target for these diseases.

The physiological and pathophysiological roles of adipocyte miRNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Ling ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Chao Hua Yao ◽  
Bi Hu ◽  
Duanfang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Their actions affect numerous important biological processes, including adipocyte differentiation and function, sugar and lipid metabolism, and insulin production and secretion. Recent reports suggest miRNAs may also be involved in the pathogenic processes of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize research progresses on adipocyte miRNAs and their physiological and pathological implications.

scholarly journals HOTAIR: An Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Human Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tang ◽  
Swei Sunny Hann
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential and function as novel master regulators in various human diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs are dysregulated and implicated in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, such as proliferation, apoptosis, mobility, invasion, metastasis, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. However, the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate various biological functions in human diseases have yet to be determined. HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a recently discovered lncRNA and plays a critical role in various areas of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, migration, drug resistance, and genomic stability. In this review, we briefly introduce the concept, identification, and biological functions of HOTAIR. We then describe the involvement of HOTAIR that has been associated with tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, cancer stem cell differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. We also discuss emerging insights into the role of HOTAIR as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms in cancer.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of MicroRNAs between Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium in Ovarian Endometriosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Filigheddu ◽  
Ilaria Gregnanin ◽  
Paolo E. Porporato ◽  
Daniela Surico ◽  
Beatrice Perego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Eutopic Endometrium ◽  
Ectopic Endometrium

Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is a common gynecological disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are members of a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that have a critical role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by repression of target mRNAs translation. We assessed differentially expressed microRNAs in ectopic endometrium compared with eutopic endometrium in 3 patients through microarray analysis. We identified 50 microRNAs differentially expressed and the differential expression of five microRNAs was validated by real-time RT-PCR in other 13 patients. We identifiedin silicotheir predicted targets, several of which match the genes that have been identified to be differentially expressed in ectopicversuseutopic endometrium in studies of gene expression. A functional analysis of the predicted targets indicates that several of these are involved in molecular pathways implicated in endometriosis, thus strengthening the hypothesis of the role of microRNAs in this pathology.

scholarly journals Critical Role of Types 2 and 3 Deiodinases in the Negative Regulation of Gene Expression by T3 in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 2919-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Hernandez ◽  
Beatriz Morte ◽  
Mónica M. Belinchón ◽  
Ainhoa Ceballos ◽  
Juan Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
High Doses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type 3

Thyroid hormones regulate brain development and function through the control of gene expression, mediated by binding of T3 to nuclear receptors. Brain T3 concentration is tightly controlled by homeostatic mechanisms regulating transport and metabolism of T4 and T3. We have examined the role of the inactivating enzyme type 3 deiodinase (D3) in the regulation of 43 thyroid hormone-dependent genes in the cerebral cortex of 30-d-old mice. D3 inactivation increased slightly the expression of two of 22 positively regulated genes and significantly decreased the expression of seven of 21 negatively regulated genes. Administration of high doses of T3 led to significant changes in the expression of 12 positive genes and three negative genes in wild-type mice. The response to T3 treatment was enhanced in D3-deficient mice, both in the number of genes and in the amplitude of the response, demonstrating the role of D3 in modulating T3 action. Comparison of the effects on gene expression observed in D3 deficiency with those in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and type 2 deiodinase (D2) deficiency revealed that the negative genes are more sensitive to D2 and D3 deficiencies than the positive genes. This observation indicates that, in normal physiological conditions, D2 and D3 play critical roles in maintaining local T3 concentrations within a very narrow range. It also suggests that negatively and positively regulated genes do not have the same physiological significance or that their regulation by thyroid hormone obeys different paradigms at the molecular or cellular levels.

scholarly journals Emerging mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function during normal and malignant hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (18) ◽  
pp. 1965-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Alvarez-Dominguez ◽  
Harvey F. Lodish
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Coordinate Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
And Function ◽  
Influence Gene Expression

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as vital components of gene programs controlling cell differentiation and function. Central to their functions is an ability to act as scaffolds or as decoys that recruit or sequester effector proteins from their DNA, RNA, or protein targets. lncRNA-modulated effectors include regulators of transcription, chromatin organization, RNA processing, and translation, such that lncRNAs can influence gene expression at multiple levels. Here we review the current understanding of how lncRNAs help coordinate gene expression to modulate cell fate in the hematopoietic system. We focus on a growing number of mechanistic studies to synthesize emerging principles of lncRNA function, emphasizing how they facilitate diversification of gene programming during development. We also survey how disrupted lncRNA function can contribute to malignant transformation, highlighting opportunities for therapeutic intervention in specific myeloid and lymphoid cancers. Finally, we discuss challenges and prospects for further elucidation of lncRNA mechanisms.

scholarly journals The role of m6A, m5C and Ψ RNA modifications in cancer: Novel therapeutic opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paz Nombela ◽  
Borja Miguel-López ◽  
Sandra Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
Made In

AbstractRNA modifications have recently emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression programmes. Significant advances have been made in understanding the functional role of RNA modifications in regulating coding and non-coding RNA processing and function, which in turn thoroughly shape distinct gene expression programmes. They affect diverse biological processes, and the correct deposition of many of these modifications is required for normal development. Alterations of their deposition are implicated in several diseases, including cancer. In this Review, we focus on the occurrence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and pseudouridine (Ψ) in coding and non-coding RNAs and describe their physiopathological role in cancer. We will highlight the latest insights into the mechanisms of how these posttranscriptional modifications influence tumour development, maintenance, and progression. Finally, we will summarize the latest advances on the development of small molecule inhibitors that target specific writers or erasers to rewind the epitranscriptome of a cancer cell and their therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Metabolism Behind Epigenetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamaki Suganuma ◽  
Jerry L. Workman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Epigenetic Gene Regulation ◽  
Translation Gene

The mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation—histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA—use metabolites as enzymatic cofactors and substrates in reactions that allow chromatin formation, nucleotide biogenesis, transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Gene expression responds to demands from cellular processes that use specific metabolites and alters or maintains cellular metabolic status. However, the roles of metabolites—particularly nucleotides—as regulatory molecules in epigenetic regulation and biological processes remain largely unknown. Here we review the crosstalk between gene expression, nucleotide metabolism, and cellular processes, and explore the role of metabolism in epigenetics as a critical regulator of biological events.

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