scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Mulch on the Yield and Water Use of Strawberry

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahena Parvin Rannu ◽  
Razu Ahmed ◽  
Alamgir Siddiky ◽  
Abu Saleh Md. Yousuf Ali ◽  
Khandakar Faisal Ibn Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Plot Design

To investigate the effect of irrigation and mulch on the yield of strawberry (line FA-007), this study was conducted at the experimental fields of Pomology Division, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, BARI, Rangpur during Rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14. The experiment was conducted followed by the split-plot design with two mulches (black plastic and rice straw), three levels of irrigation (5, 10, and 15 days interval), and three replications. A significant difference was observed for most of the parameters among different treatments for both locations. Irrigation at 5 days interval with rice straw mulch in Gazipur and irrigation at 5 days interval with black polythene mulch in Rangpur were performed better for most of the yield-contributing characters and yield among all other treatments for both the years. But in respect to water productivity, 10 days irrigation interval with rice straw mulch in Gazipur and 10 days interval with black polythene mulch in Rangpur showed highest results among all other treatments. However, it can be concluded that any irrigation practices from the abovementioned options could be adopted by the farmers based on their feasibility and water availability for strawberry cultivation in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Yield, water use and water productivity of drip-irrigated cucumber in response to irrigation depths and intervals in Kaduna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-620
Author(s):  
E.J. Zakka ◽  
N.E. Onwuegbunam ◽  
A. Dare ◽  
D.O. Onwuegbunam ◽  
U.U. Emeghara
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Cucumber Yield

A study was carried out at the research farm of the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria, to determine the effect of irrigation depths and intervals on the yield, crop water use and water productivity of drip-irrigated cucumber (market-more variety) in two irrigation seasons (2016/17 and 2017/18). Irrigation was scheduled using the reference evaporation data obtained from pan evaporation measurements taken within the experimental periods. The results showed a significant difference in both seasonal crop evapotranspiration and yield at 5% level of significance in both seasons. The highest yields (21 t/ha and 20.3 t/ha) were obtained from the treatments with 100 ETo, irrigated daily (T1), while the lowest (15.5 t/ha and 16.5 t/ha) were obtained from the treatments with 60% ETo, irrigated every four days (T9). The highest water productivities were obtained from the treatments with 60% ETo, irrigated daily (T7), while the lowest were obtained from the treatments with 100% ETo, irrigated every four days (T3), implying a better yield effect due to light high frequent irrigation than deep low frequent irrigation. The marginal difference in yield due to the marginal difference in water applied in T1 and T7 is 3.7 t/ha. It is concluded that full irrigation produced higher yield than deficit irrigation but with lower crop water productivity. Keywords: Cucumber yield, water use, water productivity, irrigation depth, irrigation interval

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Mulching as an Integrated Weed Management Strategy in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MEHMOOD ◽  
S.U. KHAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A.R. GURMANI ◽  
W. AHMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Black Plastic

ABSTRACT: Weeds affect crop growth, health and yield by competing for resources, and they serve as refuge for insect pests. Mulches of different materials have been found to control weeds and insect pests. A field study was conducted at the village of Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the effect of various mulch materials on weed suppression in maize fields under rain-fed conditions in 2013. Eight mulch materials treatments were used: control (no mulching), wheat straw mulch, dry leaves of eucalyptus, rice straw mulch, grass clippings, living mulch (soybean crop), black plastic mulch and the herbicide Primextra were investigated under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Statistical analysis of data showed maximum reduction in weed density, relative weed density, fresh biomass and dry biomass in all the test species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Primextra and black plastic mulch were used, and this was statistically similar to where rice straw and wheat straw were used. Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass of all weed species were recorded where soybean was intercropped with maize and grass clippings were used. Based on these results, it was inferred that the mulch material of eucalyptus and rice straw can effectively be used for controlling weeds in maize fields under rain-fed conditions.

scholarly journals Soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Meena Sewhag
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS): A REVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. V. CARR
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Best Estimates

SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation need of oil palm are collated and summarized in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to drought mitigation and irrigation practices. Background information is given on the centres of origin (West Africa) and of production of oil palm (Malaysia and Indonesia), but the crop is now moving into drier regions. The effects of water stress on the development processes of the crop are summarized followed by reviews of its water relations, water use and water productivity. The majority of the recent research published in the international literature has been conducted in Malaysia and in Francophone West Africa. The unique vegetative structure of the palm (stem and leaves) together with the long interval between flower initiation and the harvesting of the mature fruit (ca. three years) means that causal links between environmental factors (especially water) and yield are difficult to establish. The majority of roots are found in the 0–0.6 m soil horizons, but roots can reach depths greater than 5 m and spread laterally up to 25 m from the trunk. The stomata are a sensitive indicator of plant water status and play an important role in controlling water loss. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis are negatively correlated with the saturation deficit of the air. It is not easy to measure the actual water use of oil palm, the best estimates for mature palms suggesting crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates of 4–5 mm d−1 in the monsoon months (equivalent to 280–350 l palm−1 d−1). For well-watered mature palms, crop coefficient (Kc) values are in the range 0.8–1.0. Although the susceptibility of oil palm to drought is well recognized, there is a limited amount of reliable data on actual yield responses to irrigation. The best estimates are 20–25 kg fresh fruit bunches ha−1 mm−1 (or a yield loss of about 10% for every 100 mm increase in the soil water deficit). These increases are only realized in the third and subsequent years after the introduction of irrigation and follow an increase in the number of fruit bunches as a result of an improvement in the sex ratio (female/total inflorescence production) and a reduction in the abortion of immature inflorescences. There is no agreement on the allowable depletion of the available soil water, or on the associated optimum irrigation interval. Drip irrigation has been used successfully on oil palm.

Irrigation water productivity of winter-growing annuals is higher than perennial forages in northern Victoria

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lawson ◽  
K. L. Greenwood ◽  
K. B. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

The dairy industry in Victoria, Australia, uses more than half the state’s irrigation water, mainly for growing pasture. Information on the comparative water use of forage systems would be useful for dairy farmers aiming to optimise their forage production under conditions of limited water availability. However, there are few data comparing water use under similar management and weather conditions. This paper reports on an experiment which measured and compared the production, water use, and water productivity (forage removed per unit water input) of a range of 6 border-check irrigated forage systems (3 perennial, 2 annual, and a double-cropped) and 1 spray irrigated, annual forage system, used by the dairy industry in northern Victoria. Forage removal was highest from the perennial pastures, lucerne, double-cropped and Persian clover systems in both 2005 and 2006. Irrigation water inputs in 2005 were comparable with average values reported in the literature and were closely related to the length of the growing season, with around 800–850 mm used for the perennial pastures and 340–440 mm used for the border-check irrigated annual pastures. Irrigation water inputs in 2006 were substantially higher than in 2005, reflecting the drought conditions that prevailed throughout most of Victoria, with 1100–1200 mm used for the perennial species and 450–700 mm used by the border-check irrigated annual pastures. These irrigation water requirements highlight considerable year-to-year variation as low-rainfall years are usually high-evaporation years. Irrigation water productivity (WP) was greater for the annual than for the perennial systems. In 2005, irrigation WP was 30–37 kg DM/ha.mm for the annual pastures compared with 21–27 kg DM/ha.mm for the perennial and double-cropped systems. In the drier year of 2006, irrigation WP was higher for the short-season annuals than for the other forage systems. When rainfall, runoff, and changes in soil water content were included in the calculation of total WP, there were no consistent differences in the total WP of the annual and perennial systems in either year. These findings show that under conditions of limited irrigation water availability, farmers will be able to grow more forage using winter-growing annual systems than perennial systems. However, other factors such as nutritive characteristics, cost of production, and cost of transferring feed also need to be considered when deciding which forages to grow.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Productivity for Different Rice Based Cropping Sequences in Gazipur

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
S Parveen ◽  
MSA Khan ◽  
MN Hassan ◽  
MA Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Plot Design

Declining trend of water resources for Boro rice cultivation in different areas lead researchers and farmers to find out alternate cropping sequences. A field experiment was conducted in silty clay soil to evaluate the water productivity and profitability of different rice based cropping sequences during 2006-07 to 2008-09 at the BRRI farm, Gazipur. Three cropping sequences viz T. Aman-Boro-Fallow, T. Aman-Wheat-Mungbean and T. Aman-Potato-Mungbean and three water regimes assigned differently for each component crops were evaluated in a split-plot design. Among the cropping sequences, T. Aman-Potato-Mungbean with one irrigation at vegetative and two in reproductive stages for T. Aman rice, three irrigation each at 20, 40 and 60 DAS for potato and two irrigations for mungbean gave significantly higher rice equivalent yield of 33.40, 22.59 and 28.44 t ha-1 in 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively. The variation in yield equivalence was mostly governed by potato crop grown in Rabi season. The maximum water productivity of 23.41, 18.57 and 23.62 kg ha-1 mm was recorded in rainfed for T. Aman and mungbean and one irrigation for potato in 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively. The higher yield of potato raised the water productivity in T. Aman-Potato-Mungbean cropping sequence. Maximum net return of Tk 2,28,056, 2,75,389 and 4,05,986 and maximum BCR values from T. Aman-Potato- Mungbean cropping sequence with T3 irrigation regimes of the respective crops during 2006-7, 2007-8 and 2008-9 respectively indicated that the sequence would be suitable for getting higher yield and economic return.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 41-48

scholarly journals Analisis Profil Suhu dan Kadar Air Tanah Pada Budidaya Cabai Rawit (C. frutescens L) Menggunakan Beberapa Macam Mulsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dea Kanikayani ◽  
Sumiyati . ◽  
Ida Ayu Bintang Madrini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh profil suhu dan kadar air tanah pada budidaya tanaman cabai rawit menggunakan beberapa macam mulsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan tanpa mulsa, perlakuan mulsa plastik perak, plastik hitam, plastik bening dan perlakuan mulsa jerami padi. Untuk pengukuran suhu tanah menggunakan alat sensor suhu DS18B20 sedangkan untuk kadar air tanah menggunakan metode gravimetri. Pengukuran suhu dan kadar air tanah dilakukan 3 kali yaitu pada 3 hari, 30 hari dan 60 hari setelah tanam. Analisis data suhu dan kadar suhu dan kadar air tanah dalam mulsa menggunakan metode garis kontur. Hasil penelitian suhu tanah menunjukan kontur profil pada saat 3 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 29-33?C, mulsa plastik perak 28-32?C, mulsa plastik hitam 29-34?C, mulsa plastik bening 31-37?C dan mulsa jerami 26-31?C. Pada saat 30 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 26-33?C, mulsa plastik perak 26-31?C, mulsa plastik hitam 27-33?C, mulsa plastik bening 28-32?C dan mulsa jerami 25-30?C dan pada saat 60 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 26-31?C, mulsa plastik perak 25-30?C, mulsa plastik hitam 27-32?C, mulsa plastik bening 31-37?C dan mulsa jerami 26-29?C, sedangkan dari hasil pengukuran suhu tanah yang didapatkan berhubungan dengan hasil kadar air tanahnya. Kata kunci: Mulsa, profil, suhu tanah, kadar air tanah   Abstract The purpose of this research was to water content and soil temperature profile content on mulch for cultivation of cayenne pepper plants with different types of mulch. This research use random design group, every each concist of five treatment and three repetation. Which is a treatment without mulch treatment, silver plastic mulch treatment, black plastic mulch treatment, clear plastic mulch treatment , and rice straw mulch treatment. The variable observed of soil temperature using a temperature sensor DS18B20 while for soil water content using the gravimetric method. Measurement of temperature and soil water content was carried out 3 times, namely at the 3 days, 30 days , and 60 days after planting . The result of the temperature and soil water content is made a profile of the temperature and soil water content in the mulch using the contour line method. The results of the soil temperature research show the profile contour when the at 3 days, without mulch distribution profile is 29-330C, silver plastic mulch 28-320C, black plastic mulch 29-340C, clear plastic mulch 28-320C and rice straw mulch 25-300C. At 30 days, without mulch distribution profile is 26-330C, silver plastic mulch 26-310C, black plastic mulch 27-330C, clear plastic mulch 28-320C and rice straw mulch 25-300C. At  60 days, without mulch distribution profile is 26-310C, silver plastic mulch 25-300C, black plastic mulch 27-320C, clear plastic mulch 31-370C and rice straw mulch 26-290C. The results of measurements of the soil temperature obtained in relation to the results of the soil water content. Keywords: Mulch, Profile, Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content  

Urban versus regional – how public attitudes to recycled water differ in these contexts

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hurlimann
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Line ◽  
Willingness To Use

This paper reports findings from a comparative study which investigated public attitudes to recycled water in two Australian locations both in the state of Victoria: the capital city, Melbourne, and Bendigo, an urban regional centre. Two commercial buildings were used as case studies, one at each location. These buildings will soon be using recycled water for non-potable uses. The study was facilitated by an on-line survey of future occupants of both buildings to gauge their attitudes to recycled water use. Specifically the paper reports on happiness/willingness to use recycled water for various uses and attitudinal factors which were found to influence this. The circumstances for potable water availability and recycled water use differ in Melbourne and Bendigo, making this study a significant contribution to understanding public acceptance of recycled water use in these different contexts. No significant difference in happiness to use recycled water was found between locations. However, prior experience (use) of recycled water was found to be a significant and positive factor in facilitating happiness/willingness to use recycled water, particularly for closer to personal contact uses such as showering and drinking. Various attitudinal and demographic variables were found to influence happiness to use recycled water. Results indicate it is not just the locational context of water availability that influences happiness to use recycled water, but a person's experience and particular perceptions that will facilitate greater willingness to use recycled water.

scholarly journals Influence of Drip Irrigation and Fertigation on Fruit Yield and Water Productivity of Cucumber under Naturally Ventilated Poly House

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
S. Padmaja ◽  
Md. Latheef Pasha ◽  
M. Umadevi ◽  
S. A. Hussain ◽  
A. Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

The experiment on cucumber was conducted in naturally ventilated polyhouse at Horticulture garden, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2020-2021. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 12 treatments consist of three irrigation regimes viz.,drip irrigation scheduled at 0.8 Epan (I1), 1.0 Epan (I2) and 1.2 Epan (I3) as main plots and four NK fertigation levels of 75% recommended dose of NK (F1- N112.5 K75), 100% recommended dose of NK (F2- N150 K100), 125% recommended dose of NK (F3- N187.5 K125) and 150% recommended dose of NK (F4- N225 K150) as sub plot and replicated thrice. yield attributes were significantly higher in irrigation scheduled at 1.2 Epan than 1.0 and 0.8 Epan. Fruit yield was significantly higher in drip irrigation scheduled at 1.2 Epan (83.90 t ha-1) than 1.0 Epan (68.80 t ha-1) and 0.8 Epan (59.50 t ha-1). Yield attributes were significantly higher at 150% recommended dose of NK than 75% recommended dose of NK. Fruit yield was significantly higher at 150 % recommended dose of NK (76.70 t ha-1) than 75% recommended dose of NK (60.30 t ha-1) and onpar with both 125% and 100% recommended dose of NK. Water use efficiency was higher in drip irrigation scheduled at 0.8 Epan (28.6 kg m-3) followed by 1.2 Epan (27.2 kg m-3) and 1.0 Epan (26.6 kg m-3). 150 % recommended dose of NK registered significantly higher water use efficiency (30.1 kg m-3) than 75% recommended dose of NK (23.5 kg m-3). It was recommended that application of 1.2 Epan irrigation and 150 kg N, 100 kg K2O ha-1 by fertigation for maximization of yield.

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