scholarly journals Placental Histomorphology in a Case of Double Trisomy 48,XXX,+18

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sujal I. Shah ◽  
Lisa Dyer ◽  
Jerzy Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Chorionic Plate ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Double Trisomy ◽  
The Right

Background. Approximately 50% of early spontaneous abortions are found to have chromosomal abnormalities. In these cases, certain histopathologic abnormalities are suggestive of, although not diagnostic for, the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. However, placental histomorphology in cases of complex chromosomal abnormalities, including double trisomies, is virtually unknown. Case Report. We present the case of a 27-year-old G3P22002 female presenting at 19 weeks and 1 day of gestation by last menstrual period for scheduled prenatal visit. Ultrasound revealed a single fetus without heart tones and adequate amniotic fluid. Limited fetal measurements were consistent with estimated gestational age of 17 weeks. Labor was induced with misoprostol due to fetal demise. Autopsy revealed an immature female fetus with grade 1-2 maceration. The ears were low-set and posteriorly rotated. The fingers were short bilaterally, and the right foot showed absence of the second and third digits. Evaluation of the organs showed predominantly marked autolysis consistent with retained stillbirth. Placental examination revealed multiple findings, including focal pseudovillous papilliform trophoblastic proliferation of the undersurface of the chorionic plate and clustering of perpendicularly oriented sclerotic chorionic villi in the chorion laeve, which have not been previously reported in cases of chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotype of placental tissue revealed a 48,XXX,+18 karyotype and the same double trisomy of fetal thymic tissue by FISH. Conclusion. In addition to convoluted outlines of chorionic villi, villous trophoblastic pseudoinclusions, and clusters of villous cytotrophoblasts, the previously unreported focal pseudovillous papilliform trophoblastic proliferation of the undersurface of the chorionic plate and clustering of perpendicularly oriented sclerotic chorionic villi in the chorion laeve were observed in this double trisomy case. More cases have to be examined to show if the histology is specific for this double trisomy.

Florid Bacillus cereus Infection of the Placenta Associated With Intrauterine Fetal Demise

2021 ◽  
pp. 109352662199902
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shea ◽  
Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi ◽  
Emilia Sordillo ◽  
Michael Nowak ◽  
Fumiko Dekio
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Placental Infection ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Demise ◽  
Acute Necrotizing ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly implicated in foodborne illness but has also become increasingly recognized as a source of serious non-gastrointestinal infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Non-gastrointestinal B. cereus infections have been identified in children, especially in neonates; however, there are no previously described cases of fetal demise associated with B. cereus placental infection. We present a case of acute chorioamnionitis-related intrauterine fetal demise of twin A at 17 weeks gestation, noted two days after selective termination of twin B. Histological examination revealed numerous gram-positive bacilli in placental tissue, as well as fetal vasculature, in the setting of severe acute necrotizing chorioamnionitis and subchorionitis, intervillous abscesses, acute villitis, and peripheral acute funisitis. Cultures of maternal blood and placental tissue both yielded growth of B. cereus. This case underscores the importance of B. cereus as a human pathogen, and specifically demonstrates its potential as an agent of severe intraamniotic and placental infection with poor outcomes for the fetus.

Effect of glucose and oxygen deprivation on heme oxygenase expression in human chorionic villi explants and immortalized trophoblast cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (6) ◽  
pp. R1453-R1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Appleton ◽  
G. E. Lash ◽  
G. S. Marks ◽  
K. Nakatsu ◽  
J. F. Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Low Glucose

Although hypoxia induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA and protein expression in many cell types, recent studies in our laboratory using human placental tissue have shown that a preexposure to hypoxia does not affect subsequent HO enzymatic activity for optimized assay conditions (20% O2; 0.5 mM NADPH; 25 μM methemalbumin) or HO-1 protein content. One of the consequences of impaired blood flow is glucose deprivation, which has been shown to be an inducer of HO-1 expression in HepG2 hepatoma cells. The objective of the present study was to test the effects of a 24-h preexposure to glucose-deprived medium, in 0.5 or 20% O2, on HO protein content and enzymatic activity in isolated chorionic villi and immortalized HTR-8/SVneo first-trimester trophoblast cells. HO protein content was determined by Western blot analysis, and microsomal HO enzymatic activity was measured by assessment of the rate of CO formation. HO enzymatic activity was increased ( P < 0.05) in both placental models after 24-h preexposure to glucose-deficient medium in 0.5 or 20% O2. Preexposure (24 h) in a combination of low O2 and low glucose concentrations decreased the protein content of the HO-1 isoform by 59.6% ( P < 0.05), whereas preexposure (24 h) to low glucose concentration alone increased HO-2 content by 28.2% in chorionic villi explants ( P < 0.05). In this preparation, HO enzymatic activity correlated with HO-2 protein content ( r = 0.825). However, there was no correlation between HO-2 protein content and HO enzymatic activity in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells preexposed to 0.5% O2 and low glucose concentration for 24 h. These findings indicate that the regulation of HO expression in the human placenta is a complex process that depends, at least in part, on local glucose and oxygen concentrations.

scholarly journals Steno-Fallots tetralogi og Bartholin-Pataus syndrom. En hjertemisdannelse og et misdannelsessyndrom første gang beskrevet af danske anatomer i 1600-tallet

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Jesper Brandt Andersen ◽  
Niels W. Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Trisomy 13 ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Patau Syndrome ◽  
Heart Malformation ◽  
The Right

Jesper Brandt Andersen & Niels W. Bruun: Tetralogy of Steno-Fallot and Bartholin-Patau syndrome. A heart malformation and a malformation syndrome first described by Danish anatomists in the seventeenth century. The heart malformation tetralogy of Steno-Fallot was first described by the Danish anatomist Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno) (1638–1686) in Thomas Bartholin’s Acta Medica & Philosophica Ann. 1671 & 1672 in 1673, but this was not discovered until 1942. Stensen’s description was built upon a dissection of a female fetus, which he made during his stay in Paris 1664–1665. We bring the first full Danish translation of Stensen’s Latin text and an analysis of his description in relation to his contemporaries and the present. Stensen describes three of the four elements of the tetralogy described in three adult patients by Fallot in 1888, namely ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis and dexteriority of the aorta. The fact that Stensen does not mention the hypertrophy of the right ventricle may have two good reasons. Firstly, the difference between the wall thickness of the right and left ventricles is generally less pronounced in a fetus than after the birth and this would be expected even more in a heart malformation with overload on the right ventricle.Secondly, Stensen may have considered the right sided hypertrophy as merely a result of the three other elements of the tetralogy than as a malformation in itself.Stensen’s description reveals an impressive knowledge about the circulation of the blood in the heart of a fetus, and we speculate that he may have been the first in history to deliver such a precise description, not only of the anatomy and physiology of the tetralogy of Steno-Fallot, but also of the anatomy and physiology of the blood circulation in the fetal heart. Stensen’s fetus had several other malformations, i.e. cleft lip and palate, schisis of the abdomen and thorax and syndactyly of the second to fifth fingers on the left hand. We suggest that the fetus may have had acrofacial dysostosis 1 (Nager syndrome), which is caused by a mutation on chromosome 1q21.2.Likewise, Stensen’s mentor, the Danish anatomist Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680), was the first to describe a case report of the Bartholin-Patau syndrome in his Historiarum anatomicarum rariorum Centuria III & IV in 1657, but this was not discovered until 1960, the same year as Patau and collaborators showed that this syndrome is caused by trisomy 13. We bring the first full Danish translation of Bartholin’s Latin text with an analysis in relation to his age and the present.

scholarly journals Features of the histological structure of the placenta in women with recurrent miscarriage depending on polymorphic variants of the metalloproteinase and hemostasis systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
T. N. Grinevich ◽  
S. A. Lyalikov ◽  
V. A. Basinsky ◽  
T. T. Shtabinskaya ◽  
C. M. Butolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Intervillous Space ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

The article is devoted to the analysis of the morphological characteristics of placental tissue in women with early reproductive losses with recurrent miscarriage, depending on the presence of polymorphic variants of metalloproteinases and hemostasis. It was established that in women with recurrent miscarriage, the area of the trophoblast of the placenta is significantly larger (р < 0.003), the area of the chorionic villi is smaller (р < 0.04) than in the group of women with implemented reproductive function. Thrombosis of the chorionic vessels, necrosis and calcinates in the placenta with PNF were detected in 80.0 % (р = 0.001), 93.3 % (р = 0.001), and 30.0 % (р = 0.049) of cases, respectively, which is significantly higher than in the comparison group. In patients with PNP with the T/T genotype of the 735 C/T polymorphism of the MMP-2 gene, the trophoblast area is significant (р < 0.05) more than with the C/C genotype, acute full-back (р = 0.02) and intervillous hemorrhage (р = 0.02). In women with the C/T genotype of the polymorphism 735 C/T of the MMP-2 gene, edema and dystrophic changes in the chorionic villi, placental necrosis are determined more often (р = 0.02) than with the C/C genotype. In carriers of the T allele of the polymorphism 735 C/T of the MMP-2 gene in the placenta, necrosis is significantly more common than in the CC genotype; the carriage of the T allele is also associated with large values of the relative area of the trophoblast and the stromal-intervillous relation, as well as with a smaller value of the ratio of the intervillous space area to the total area of the photograph.

Cytomorphologic findings of thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like (CASTLE) differentiation: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42
Author(s):  
A K Abu-Salah ◽  
S Segura ◽  
H Mesa ◽  
H M Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Central Neck Dissection ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasm ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction/Objective Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation also known as intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma is a rare thyroid neoplasm arising from either an ectopic intrathyroidal thymic tissue or from remnants of thymobranchial pouches. On fine needle aspiration (FNA) its diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping morphologic features with other aggressive thyroid carcinomas. Methods/Case Report A 31-year-old female consulted for 6-month history of neck swelling and tenderness. Thyroid ultrasound demonstrated a 2.6 x 2.5 x 2.1 cm nodule in the right lobe with punctate calcifications. FNA showed cellular smears composed of loosely cohesive and single basaloid neoplastic cells exhibiting significant cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. Focal squamous differentiation with keratinization was noted on the cell block sections. Immunocytochemical stains showed that the tumor was positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, p40, p63, CD117 and CD5 consistent with intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma. The Ki67 proliferative index was approximately 40%. A right thyroidectomy with central neck dissection confirmed the diagnosis and showed a 3.0 cm tumor with invasion into skeletal muscle, lymphovascular invasion and positive lymph nodes. The patient completed adjuvant radiotherapy and remain in remission at 3-months follow-up. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma is a rare thyroid neoplasm that frequently shows squamous differentiation and therefore overlaps with papillary thyroid carcinoma with squamous morulae, squamous cell carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. The coexpression of squamous markers together with CD5 and CD117 allows the recognition of CASTLE on FNA samples.

203. A differential pattern of follistatin expression in the placenta between spontaneous, induced and non-labouring patient groups

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
K. M. Rae ◽  
K. G. Hollebone ◽  
L. Meng ◽  
D. C. Clausen ◽  
J. R. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Patient Groups

Follistatin has been identified in human placenta, fetal membranes and fluids, with serum follistatin concentrations rising during pregnancy, particularly near term. Our laboratory has shown follistatin concentrations rise across labour in spontaneous but not induced women.1 As the placenta is a source of follistatin, this study examined placental tissues using immunohistochemistry to determine differences in follistatin localization between groups. Placental tissue was collected immediately following delivery from three groups of women at term, spontaneous onset (n = 4), induction (n = 4) and non-labouring caesarian (n = 4), and immediately formalin fixed. Antigen-retrieval immunohistochemistry using a specific chicken polyclonal antiserum (CK20) raised against a follistatin peptide (AA 121-133) or pre-immune chicken serum was performed. Positive staining of syncytiotrophoblast cells of the chorionic villi was seen in patients undergoing spontaneous labour but not in the induced and caesarian delivery group. The two labouring groups (spontaneous and induced) both showed positive staining for the vascular endothelial cells within the chorionic villi and the stratum basale, whilst the caesarian delivery group was negative for any staining within these vessels. Positive staining of Hofbauer cells was observed in both labouring groups; however, the caesarian group showed infrequent positive staining of these cell types. The differences in expression pattern in the two labouring groups (spontaneous v. induced) may be due to variations in labour lengths (6.5 v. 4.5 h, respectively); however, we would have expected a lower level of expression in the same cell types rather than the complete absence of staining. The positive follistatin staining in the syncytiotrophoblast of spontaneous patients suggests this may be the source of the rising plasma follistatin seen in this group. These differences in staining support our hypothesis that an earlier endocrine signal is absent in the induced and caesarian patient groups. (1)Rae K, Hollebone K, Clausen DC, Chetty V, McFarlane JR. (2004). A Cross-Sectional Study of Follistatin During Labour in Women. The Endocrine Societies 86th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, 2004.

Primary tubal choriocarcinoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. GÁLVEZ ◽  
V. C. Fernández ◽  
J. M. R. De Los Reyes ◽  
M. M. M. Jaén ◽  
R. G. Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intense Pain ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Vaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
The Right

Choriocarcinoma is one of the most serious forms of gestational trophoblastic tumor. It is a malignant tumor from the epithelium of the chorionic villi. The most frequent location site is the uterus. Associated with ectopic pregnancy, it is extremely rare and in general, very aggressive. In 75% of the cases, it items from distant metastasis; therefore, a histological examination of the tubes must be performed in all ectopic pregnancies. Our patient was a 33-year-old woman who was admitted to emergency room (ER) with an intense pain in the right, iliac cavity, and limited genital bleeding. During the exploration, there was abdominal pain, with doubtful signs of peritoneal irritation. The vaginal ultrasound offered an image that was compatible with an extra uterine pregnancy in the left appendages. At emergency, right salpingectomy was performed via laparotomy. The patient was treated with polychemotherapy and contraceptives for a year, with no recurrence of the disease. Control follow-up was performed using beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) testing on a weekly basis during the first month and then bi-monthly during the first year of follow-up.

THE CYTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2517-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Leznoff ◽  
Bernard A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Specific Fluorescence ◽  
Cytological Localization

The indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to determine the cellular site of human chorionic gonadotropin (H.C.G.) in normal and toxaemic placentas, and in choriocarcinomas. In placental tissue specific fluorescence was located in the syncytial cells of the chorionic villi but not in the cytotrophoblast cells. In choriocarcinomas specific fluorescence was seen in the syncytial giant cells. No distinct difference could be demonstrated between normal and "toxic" placentas. Differences in the content of H.C.G. in placentas at various stages of pregnancy were noted. Maximum amounts were demonstrated in tissue of less than 14 weeks gestation. Lesser quantities could be seen in more mature placentas and some specific fluorescence could be seen in most full term placentas.

scholarly journals Visualizing ultrastructural details of placental tissue with super-resolution structured illumination microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Villegas-Hernández ◽  
Mona Nystad ◽  
Florian Ströhl ◽  
Purusotam Basnet ◽  
Ganesh Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Resolution Enhancement ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

AbstractSuper-resolution fluorescence microscopy is a widely employed technique in cell biology research, yet remains relatively unexplored in the field of histo-pathology. Here, we describe the sample preparation steps and acquisition parameters necessary to obtain fluorescent multicolor super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images of both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and cryo-preserved placental tissue sections. We compare super-resolved images of chorionic villi against diffraction-limited deconvolution microscopy and demonstrate the significant contrast and resolution enhancement attainable with SIM. We show that SIM resolves ultrastructural details such as the syncytiotrophoblast’s microvilli brush border, which up until now has been only resolvable by electron microscopy.

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