scholarly journals Effects of Landscape Design on Urban Microclimate and Thermal Comfort in Tropical Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yaolin Lin ◽  
Chun-Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Urban Microclimate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Pavement Materials

A climate-responsive landscape design can create a more livable urban microclimate with adequate human comfortability. This paper aims to quantitatively investigate the effects of landscape design elements of pavement materials, greenery, and water bodies on urban microclimate and thermal comfort in a high-rise residential area in the tropic climate of Singapore. A comprehensive field measurement is undertaken to obtain real data on microclimate parameters for calibration of the microclimate-modeling software ENVI-met 4.0. With the calibrated ENVI-met, seven urban landscape scenarios are simulated and their effects on thermal comfort as measured by physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) are evaluated. It is found that the maximum improvement of PET reduction with suggested landscape designs is about 12°C, and high-albedo pavement materials and water bodies are not effective in reducing heat stress in hot and humid climate conditions. The combination of shade trees over grass is the most effective landscape strategy for cooling the microclimate. The findings from the paper can equip urban designers with knowledge and techniques to mitigate urban heat stress.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Design Considerations to Achieve Thermal Comfort in Warm Humid Climatic Zone of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1912-1917
Author(s):  
Pritam Roy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Building Orientation ◽  
Design Factors

Abstract: This research paper presents the investigation of design consideration to achieve thermal comfort and the warm humid climatic zone of West Bengal is considered as the primary study area for the investigation. The varying thermal comfort behavior of humans in different climate conditions and seasons clearly demonstrates that the building design strategy must conform with the region of the building. In this paper, first studying the climatic characteristics of the warm humid region design factors are selected like building materials, cross ventilation, building orientation, roofing orientation, and materials, etc. After that, all those design factors are studied and the effect of all those factors on building in various conditions is observed. Keywords: Warm Humid Climate, Thermal Comfort, Building Materials, U-value, Cross Ventilation, Building Orientation

scholarly journals Comparison of Thermal Comfort between Sapporo and Tokyo—The Case of the Olympics 2020

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Kathrin Graw ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Rate ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Northern City ◽  
The Olympic Games

Weather and climate conditions can be decisive regarding travel plans or outdoor events, especially for sport events. The Olympic Games 2020, postponed to 2021, will take place in Tokyo at a time which is considered to be the hottest and most humid time of the year. However, a part of the athletic competitions is relocated to the northern city Sapporo. Therefore, it is important to quantify thermal comfort for different occasions and destinations and make the results accessible to visitors and sport attendees. The following analysis will quantify and compare thermal comfort and heat stress between Sapporo and Tokyo using thermal indices like the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature and the modified Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET and mPET). The results reveal different precipitation patterns for the cities. While a higher precipitation rate appears in Sapporo during winter, the precipitation rate is higher in Tokyo during summer. PET and mPET exhibit a greater probability of heat stress conditions in Tokyo during the Olympic Games, whereas Sapporo has more moderate values for the same period. The Climate-Tourism/Transfer-Information-Scheme (CTIS) integrates and simplifies climate information and makes them comprehensible for non-specialists. The CTIS of Tokyo illustrates lower suitable conditions for “Heat stress”, “Sunny days” and “Sultriness”. Transferring parts of the athletics competition to a northern city is thus more convenient for athletes, staff members and spectators. Hence, heat stress can be avoided and an acceptable outdoor stay is ensured. Overall, this quantification and comparison of the thermal conditions in Sapporo and Tokyo reveal limitations but also possibilities for the organizers of the Olympic Games. Furthermore it can be used to raise awareness for promoting or arranging countermeasures and heat mitigation at specific events and destinations, if necessary.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Urban Temperature through Landscape Design Approaching Hot-Humid Climate: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sharifah Khalizah Syed Othman Thani ◽  
Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad ◽  
Sabrina Idilfitri
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Hot Humid Climate ◽  
Sustainable Landscape

This paper discusses a conceptual review of sustainable landscape design approach as mitigating strategies to modify urban temperature in a hot- humid climate.The amelioration of urban temperature through landscape approach can be achieved by incorporating sustainable landscape design practices via the interplay of natural vegetation in the hot-humid tropics. The findings of this paper are hoped to guide the practitioners in landscape architecture, policy makers and urban designers to incorporate sustainable landscape design approach towards improving outdoor thermal comfort; thus providing a better quality of life. Keywords: Landscape design principles; outdoor thermal comfort; urban heat island; hot-humid climate eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.274 

scholarly journals Investigation on the Thermal Condition of a Traditional Cold-Lane in Summer in Subtropical Humid Climate Region of China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6602
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Yin Wei ◽  
Yaolin Lin ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Small Aspect Ratio ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Computational Flow Dynamics

A Chinese traditional narrow street, named Cold-Lane, can create a microclimatic zone that provides pedestrian thermal comfort under hot and humid climate conditions. This phenomenon was observed through experimental measurement during the summer of 2016. The heat transfer rate over the pedestrian body surface was calculated to reveal why pedestrians experience a cool sensation, and computational flow dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out to study the influence of the street aspect ratio on the shading effect. It was found that the perception of thermal comfort can be attributed mainly to the radiation between the relatively cool surrounding walls and the human body, and the wind velocity has little effect on sensible heat dissipation. The cool horizontal and vertical surfaces in the street canyon are mainly due to the shading effect as a result of the small aspect ratio, which is a typical characteristic of the traditional Chinese street. The shading effect of the high walls on both sides creates the cooling effect of this narrow street.

scholarly journals Cooling Strategies for Thermal Comfort in Cities: A Review of Key Methods in Landscape Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Zou ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract Under the climate change scenario, the negative impacts of urban heat island (UHI) will exacerbate due to unsustainable urban planning and human activities. Thermal comfort has close relationships with UHI in urban areas. This paper is based on the studies of urban heat island, thermal comfort, microclimate and urban planning in cities in the recent decade, combined with cross-analysis research method. The key topics include vegetation and water conditions, the albedo of materials, urban morphology and more. By the comparative case studies in landscape projects, the results further reveal that the density of tree canopies, the natural structure and density of ground cover, the form of water features, the colour and texture of materials, and the scale of shading structures have different cooling effect and performance in outdoor thermal comfort improvement with specific features in the landscape design. It is also found that there are some external conditions that can influence design determinations in real practices. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical research methods and evaluation of thermal comfort landscape design elements, and to provide guidance for future sustainable city research and landscape design.

Sewage Treatment in Helophyte Beds–First Experiences with a New Treatment Procedure

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bucksteeg
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Operation Conditions

Waste water treatment in helophyte beds under humid climate conditions has been favoured by some German ecologists for some years. The idea is to cause waste water to flow horizontally through the root zone of helophytes to achieve satisfactory effluent properties. There exist many highly different proposals regarding the choice of soil and helophytes to be applied, bed area, design of inlets and outlets and operation conditions. A few plants have been operated in practice for some years. It appears that clogging is one of the main problems occurring in these plants. The hydraulic uptake capacity of soil is discussed in Darcy's law. Comparisons with observations of plants in operation are drawn. The interactions between soil properties, its uptake capacity, BOD5-, COD-, N- and P-reduction are evaluated. The effluent results of helophyte beds are compared with those of low-loaded trickling filters and of ponds used for sewage treatment in small villages in rural areas of Germany. It has been proved that the total construction costs of sewage treatment plants with helophyte beds used as the biological stage are higher when compared with those of conventional plants in general.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy)

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Elisa Gatto ◽  
Fabio Ippolito ◽  
Gennaro Rispoli ◽  
Oliver Savio Carlo ◽  
Jose Luis Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Urban Microclimate ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This study analyses the interactions and impacts between multiple factors i.e., urban greening, building layout, and meteorological conditions that characterise the urban microclimate and thermal comfort in the urban environment. The focus was on two neighbourhoods of Lecce city (southern Italy) characterised through field campaigns and modelling simulations on a typical hot summer day. Field campaigns were performed to collect greening, building geometry, and microclimate data, which were employed in numerical simulations of several greening scenarios using the Computational Fluid Dynamics-based and microclimate model ENVI-met. Results show that, on a typical summer day, trees may lead to an average daily decrease of air temperature by up to 1.00 °C and an improvement of thermal comfort in terms of Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) by up to 5.53 °C and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) by up to 0.53. This decrease is more evident when the urban greening (in terms of green surfaces and trees) is increased by 1266 m2 in the first neighbourhood and 1988 m2 in the second one, with respect to the current scenario, proving that shading effect mainly contributes to improving the urban microclimate during daytime. On the contrary, the trapping effect of heat, stored by the surfaces during the day and released during the evening, induces an increase of the spatially averaged MRT by up to 2 °C during the evenings and a slight deterioration of thermal comfort, but only locally where the concentration of high LAD trees is higher. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecosystem services provided by greening with regard to microclimate and thermal comfort within an urban environment for several hours of the day. It adds knowledge about the role of green areas in a Mediterranean city, an important hot spot of climate change, and thus it can be a guide for important urban regeneration plans.

scholarly journals Water Bodies an Urban Microclimate: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnoosh Manteghi ◽  
Hasanuddin Bin Limit ◽  
Dilshan Remaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Microclimate
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