scholarly journals Air Traffic Efficiency Analysis of Airliner Scheduled Flights Using Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Harada ◽  
Tooru Ezaki ◽  
Tomoaki Wakayama ◽  
Koichi Oka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Traffic Systems

The increase in air traffic worldwide requires improvement of flight operational efficiency. This study aims to reveal the potential benefits, namely, savings on fuel consumption and flight time, which are expected for Japanese airspace, by statistically evaluating the operational efficiency defined by average differences of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance between the original and the optimized flight of domestic flights in Japan. The aircraft position and time data used in this study were obtained from Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems Open Data—the radar data released by the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau. Flight information, such as air data and fuel flow, is estimated by applying meteorological data and aircraft performance model to the position information of radar data. Each reconstructed trajectory is optimized in terms of flight fuel consumption and flight time with an assumed cost index (CI). Dynamic programming is used as the trajectory optimization method. The flight fuel consumption and flight time of the optimized flight are compared with the original values to evaluate the operational efficiency. Herein, approximately one-third of 1-day data, i.e., 1087 cases of four aircraft types, are analyzed with reasonable CI settings. Our research findings suggest that flight fuel consumption and flight distance can be saved by 312 kg and 19.7 km, respectively, on average for the object flights. Following a statistical comparison between the original and the optimized flights, it was observed that two types of features, namely, flying on a detoured path and flying with nonoptimal altitude and speed in the cruise phase, are major factors which deteriorate the total operational efficiency in terms of fuel consumption, flight time, and flight distance.

An assessment of flight efficiency based on the point merge system at metroplex airports

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ozlem Sahin ◽  
Oznur Usanmaz ◽  
Enis T. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Entry Points

Purpose Metroplex is a system of two or more airports, in physical proximity, with highly interdependent arrival and departure operations. The purpose of this study is the construction of an efficient and effective air route model based on the point merge system (PMS) to reduce aircraft fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for three metroplex airports in Istanbul terminal control area (TMA). Design/methodology/approach A PMS arrival route model is constructed for metroplex airports. In the proposed model, two situations are taken into consideration: for delay which can be defined as flying on sequencing legs (PMSdel) and for no delay (PMSno del). An empirical model is developed using a data set including the flight data records of ten actual B737-800 domestic flights. With this empirical model, both the baseline and the PMS models (PMSdel and PMSno del) are compared in terms of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and flight distance and time as a theoretical computation. Findings In the proposed PMSno del arrival route model, according to different entry points for Istanbul Ataturk International Airport (LTBA), the analyses show an average reduction of 26 per cent in flight time, 24.5 per cent in flight distance, 17 per cent in fuel burned and CO2 emissions; in addition, for Sabiha Gökcen International Airport (LTFJ) there are 34, 23 and 32 per cent average savings for flight time, flight distance and fuel burned together with CO2 emissions obtained, respectively. Even if the PMSdel model, for LTFJ except only one entry point, for LTBA except two entry points, better results are obtained than baseline. Practical implications The point merge model for metroplex airports in this paper can be applied by airspace designers and Air Navigation Service Providers to perform efficient and effective arrival routes. Originality/value In this study, a point merge model is constructed for metroplex airports. Quantitative results, using an empirical model, are achieved in terms of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and flight distance and time at metroplex airports.

scholarly journals Air traffic simulation in chemistry-climate model EMAC 2.41: AirTraf 1.0

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3363-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamashita ◽  
Volker Grewe ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
Florian Linke ◽  
Martin Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Local Weather

Abstract. Mobility is becoming more and more important to society and hence air transportation is expected to grow further over the next decades. Reducing anthropogenic climate impact from aviation emissions and building a climate-friendly air transportation system are required for a sustainable development of commercial aviation. A climate optimized routing, which avoids climate-sensitive regions by re-routing horizontally and vertically, is an important measure for climate impact reduction. The idea includes a number of different routing strategies (routing options) and shows a great potential for the reduction. To evaluate this, the impact of not only CO2 but also non-CO2 emissions must be considered. CO2 is a long-lived gas, while non-CO2 emissions are short-lived and are inhomogeneously distributed. This study introduces AirTraf (version 1.0) that performs global air traffic simulations, including effects of local weather conditions on the emissions. AirTraf was developed as a new submodel of the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. Air traffic information comprises Eurocontrol's Base of Aircraft Data (BADA Revision 3.9) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) engine performance data. Fuel use and emissions are calculated by the total energy model based on the BADA methodology and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) fuel flow method. The flight trajectory optimization is performed by a genetic algorithm (GA) with respect to a selected routing option. In the model development phase, benchmark tests were performed for the great circle and flight time routing options. The first test showed that the great circle calculations were accurate to −0.004 %, compared to those calculated by the Movable Type script. The second test showed that the optimal solution found by the algorithm sufficiently converged to the theoretical true-optimal solution. The difference in flight time between the two solutions is less than 0.01 %. The dependence of the optimal solutions on the initial set of solutions (called population) was analyzed and the influence was small (around 0.01 %). The trade-off between the accuracy of GA optimizations and computational costs is clarified and the appropriate population and generation (one iteration of GA) sizing is discussed. The results showed that a large reduction in the number of function evaluations of around 90 % can be achieved with only a small decrease in the accuracy of less than 0.1 %. Finally, AirTraf simulations are demonstrated with the great circle and the flight time routing options for a typical winter day. The 103 trans-Atlantic flight plans were used, assuming an Airbus A330-301 aircraft. The results confirmed that AirTraf simulates the air traffic properly for the two routing options. In addition, the GA successfully found the time-optimal flight trajectories for the 103 airport pairs, taking local weather conditions into account. The consistency check for the AirTraf simulations confirmed that calculated flight time, fuel consumption, NOx emission index and aircraft weights show good agreement with reference data.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Method of Merging Landing Aircraft Streams in the Context of Fuel Consumption in the Airspace

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12859
Author(s):  
Anna Kwasiborska ◽  
Jacek Skorupski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The Impact

The most important directions in the field of sustainable development of air transport concern increasing the capacity of airports and improving the global civil aviation system, improving air traffic safety, and developing procedures to optimize the operation of the aviation system. An important area is environmental protection and measures to minimize the negative impact of civil aviation activities on the environment. Air traffic and the operation of airports generate adverse environmental effects, including greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise emissions. Due to the high intensity of aircraft maneuvers, the authors analyzed aircraft traffic in the area approaching the airport. It is essential to correctly line up for aircraft reporting from different entry points to the approach area to avoid waiting for landing. Misalignment of landing aircraft negatively impacts airport capacity, increases fuel consumption through more prolonged waiting times in space, and directly impacts air pollution. There are different ways to organize landing aircraft flows and other ways to merge these flows. The article aims to assess the method of combining the streams of landing aircraft and estimate the impact of such an organization on the increased fuel consumption of aircraft and thus on air pollution. The authors proposed a measure for assessing the quality of the landing queue, which was defined as the increase in flight time of aircraft in the approach area in relation to the nominal time, which was adopted as minimization. In order to obtain the results of research works, a model using a Petri net was developed, allowing for flexible mapping of concurrent processes and their effect analysis. Various methods of combining the streams of landing aircraft have been adopted: three-stage, two-stage, and single-stage. Then, simulation experiments were carried out, allowing the determination of whether the method of combining the streams of landing planes has an impact on the quality of the landing queue measured with the proposed index. The obtained results of the assessment can be used to estimate the increased fuel consumption of the aircraft.

scholarly journals Research on Optimization of Aircraft Climb Trajectory considering Environmental Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fangzi Liu ◽  
Minghua Hu ◽  
Wenying Lv ◽  
Honghai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
The Impact

Trajectory-based operation is a new technology that will be developed in the next generation of air traffic management. In order to clarify the optimization space of fuel consumption and emission impact on the environment under the specific operation limitation of air traffic management in the process of aircraft climb, an aircraft climb performance parameter optimization model considering the environmental impact is established. First, the horizontal and vertical climb models are established for the aircraft climb process, and then the optimization objectives are constructed by considering the impact of fuel consumption, exhaust emissions on air temperature, and the convenience of the flight process. Finally, the multiobjective model is solved by genetic algorithm. The B737-800 civil aviation aircraft is selected for simulation experiment to analyze the impact of speed change on the optimization target. The results show that with the change of speed, the fuel consumption and temperature rise are different, and the climb performance parameters of the aircraft are affected by the maximum RTA. By optimizing the flight parameters of the aircraft, it can effectively reduce the impact of flight on the environment and provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of civil aviation.

scholarly journals Climate Assessment Platform of Different Aircraft Routing Strategies in the Chemistry-Climate Model EMAC 2.41: AirTraf 1.0

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamashita ◽  
Volker Grewe ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
Florian Linke ◽  
Martin Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Local Weather

Abstract. Aviation contributes to anthropogenic climate impact through various emissions. Mobility becomes more and more important to society and hence air transportation is expected to grow further over the next decades. Reducing the climate impact from aviation emissions and building a climate-friendly air transportation system are required for a sustainable development of commercial aviation. A climate optimized routing, which avoids climate sensitive regions by re-routing horizontally and vertically, is an important approach for climate impact reduction. The idea includes a number of different routing strategies (routing options) and shows a great potential for the reduction. To evaluate this, the impact of not only CO2 but also non-CO2 emissions must be considered. CO2 is a long-lived and stable gas, while non-CO2 emissions are short-lived and vary regionally. This study introduces AirTraf (version 1.0) for climate impact evaluations that performs global air traffic simulations on long time scales, including effects of local weather conditions on the emissions. AirTraf was developed as a new submodel of the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. Air traffic information comprises Eurocontrol's Base of Aircraft Data (BADA Revision 3.9) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) engine performance data. Fuel use and emissions were calculated by the total energy model based on the BADA methodology and DLR fuel flow method. The flight trajectory optimization was performed by a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with respect to routing options. In the model development phase, two benchmark tests were performed for great circle and flight time routing options. The first test showed that the great circle calculations were accurate to within ±0.05 %, compared to those calculated by other published code. The second test showed that the optimal solution sufficiently converged to the theoretical true-optimal solution. The difference in flight time between the two solutions is less than 0.01 %. The dependence of optimal solutions on initial populations was analyzed. We found that the influence was small (around 0.01 %). The trade-off between the accuracy of GA optimizations and the number of function evaluations is clarified and the appropriate population and generation sizing is discussed. The results showed that a large reduction in number of function evaluations of around 90 % can be achieved with only a small decrease in the accuracy of less than 0.1 %. Finally, one-day AirTraf simulations are demonstrated with the great circle and the flight time routing options for a specific winter day. 103 trans-Atlantic flight plans were used, assuming an Airbus A330-301 aircraft. The results confirmed that AirTraf simulates the air traffic properly for the two options. In addition, the GA successfully found the time-optimal flight trajectories for all airport pairs, reflecting local weather conditions. The consistency check for the one-day AirTraf simulations verified that calculated flight time, fuel consumption, NOx emission index and aircraft weights are comparable to reference data.

Some Mathematical Aspects of Air Traffic Systems

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Attwooll
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Random Perturbations ◽  
Late Arrival ◽  
Traffic Systems

In this paper, which was presented at a meeting of the Institute in London on 26 January 1977 with Group Captain H. L. Sheppard in the Chair, Mr. Attwooll, Head of the Air Traffic Studies Division at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, discusses the application of the theory of queues to air traffic control. He shows the importance of random perturbations due to late arrival of aircraft, and how traffic schedules in an airway network can best be adjusted to minimize delays due to congestion on certain routes. Much of this study was carried out on behalf of the Civil Aviation Authority but the opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the policy either of the CAA or the Ministry of Defence

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Comprehensive Assessment of Integrated Rotorcraft–Powerplant Systems at Mission Level

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Goulos ◽  
Fakhre Ali ◽  
Konstantinos Tzanidakis ◽  
Vassilios Pachidis ◽  
Roberto d'Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Stirred Reactor

This paper presents an integrated methodology for the comprehensive assessment of combined rotorcraft–powerplant systems at mission level. Analytical evaluation of existing and conceptual designs is carried out in terms of operational performance and environmental impact. The proposed approach comprises a wide-range of individual modeling theories applicable to rotorcraft flight dynamics and gas turbine engine performance. A novel, physics-based, stirred reactor model is employed for the rapid estimation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The individual mathematical models are implemented within an elaborate numerical procedure, solving for total mission fuel consumption and associated pollutant emissions. The combined approach is applied to the comprehensive analysis of a reference twin-engine light (TEL) aircraft modeled after the Eurocopter Bo 105 helicopter, operating on representative mission scenarios. Extensive comparisons with flight test data are carried out and presented in terms of main rotor trim control angles and power requirements, along with general flight performance charts including payload-range diagrams. Predictions of total mission fuel consumption and NOx emissions are compared with estimated values provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA). Good agreement is exhibited between predictions made with the physics-based stirred reactor model and experimentally measured values of NOx emission indices. The obtained results suggest that the production rates of NOx pollutant emissions are predominantly influenced by the behavior of total air inlet pressure upstream of the combustion chamber, which is affected by the employed operational procedures and the time-dependent all-up mass (AUM) of the aircraft. It is demonstrated that accurate estimation of on-board fuel supplies ahead of flight is key to improving fuel economy as well as reducing environmental impact. The proposed methodology essentially constitutes an enabling technology for the comprehensive assessment of existing and conceptual rotorcraft–powerplant systems, in terms of operational performance and environmental impact.

The operational efficiency of passenger aircraft

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald McLean
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transport Economics ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Consistent Assessment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeTo provide for the use of airlines and other civil aviation organizations a practical definition of operational efficiency and to show how it can be determined.Design/methodology/approachA brief account of air transport economics is used to demonstrate how bom load factors and aircraft utilization need to be considered in assessing operational efficiency. Then other efficiencies are treated briefly before an example is given of how the better of two fictitious aircraft can be chosen for a particular route. A second example involving the calculation of the operational efficiency achieved by an imaginary airline is also given to show that the typical value is lower than might be expected, particularly in view of the relatively high load factors involved.FindingsProvides performance values and economic figures which are typical of current airline operations.Practical implicationsUse of the proposed definition will allow the consistent assessment of the economic performance of airlines.Originality/valueAt present there is no definition of operational efficiency in general use although it is greatly needed by airlines. The definition proposed in this paper is practical and easy to use.

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