scholarly journals The Synergistic Antiwear Performances of Organic Titanium Compounds Containing Sulfur with Borate Ester Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Jian-Qiang Hu ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Borate Ester ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
Titanium Compounds ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mineral Base

Two oil-soluble organic titanium compounds (OTCs) such as titanium dialkyldithiocarbamate (TiDDC) and sulfurized titanate (TiS) were synthesized and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antiwear and extreme pressure properties of TiDDC or TiS with borate ester containing nitrogen (BNO) additive in mineral base oils were evaluated by four ball tester. The results show that TiDDC and TiS not only possess good antiwear and load-carrying properties, respectively, but also exhibit good antiwear synergism with BNO additive without impairing extreme pressure performances. Moreover, the synergistic antiwear properties of the said additives are improved significantly under the optimum additives ratios. The topography of wear scar and the composition and chemical states of typical elements on the rubbing surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The proposed synergistic antiwear mechanism involves an effective interaction between TiDDC or TiS and BNO additive, respectively.

EXTREME PRESSURE SYNERGISTIC MECHANISM OF BISMUTH NAPHTHENATE AND SULFURIZED ISOBUTENE ADDITIVES

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750071
Author(s):  
XIN XU ◽  
JIANQIANG HU ◽  
SHIZHAO YANG ◽  
FENG XIE ◽  
LI GUO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bismuth Oxides ◽  
Protective Films ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Scanning Electron

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the tribological performances of bismuth naphthenate (BiNap), sulfurized isobutene (VSB), and their combinations. The results show that the antiwear properties of BiNap and VSB are not very visible, but they possess good extreme pressure (EP) properties, particularly sulfur containing bismuth additives. Synergistic EP properties of BiNap with various sulfur-containing additives were investigated. The results indicate that BiNap exhibits good EP synergism with sulfur-containing additives. The surface analytical tools, such as X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), were used to investigate the topography, composition contents, and depth profile of some typical elements on the rubbing surface. Smooth topography of wear scar further confirms that the additive showed good EP capacities, and XPS and EDX analyzes indicate that tribochemical mixed protective films composed of bismuth, bismuth oxides, sulfides, and sulfates are formed on the rubbing surface, which improves the tribological properties of lubricants. In particular, a large number of bismuth atoms and bismuth sulfides play an important role in improving the EP properties of oils.

Study on Tribological Properties of Cadmium Dialkyl-Dithiophosphyl-ldithiophosphate Additive

Tribology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Hu ◽  
Zhanhe Du ◽  
Junbing Yao
Keyword(s):  
Depth Profile ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Electron Spectrometer ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Analytical Tools

An cadmium dialkyl-dithiophosphyl-dithiophosphate additive was synthesized. A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the tribological performance of the additive in mineral base oil under different loads, compared with commercial additives. The results show that it exhibits excellent antiwear and load-carrying capacities and better than these additives. The surface analytical tools such as Auger Electron Spectrometer (AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to investigate the topography, the contents and the depth profile of some typical elements on the rubbing surface of worn scar. Smooth and light topography of worn scar further confirms that the additive showed good antiwear capacities, the results of Auger electron spectrometer and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that tribochemically protective films consists of cadmium compouds, sulfides, sulphates and phosphates were formed on the rubbing surface, which contribute to improving the tribological properties of lubricants. Particularly, the results from depth profile indicate that a large amounts of cadmium are rich in outer layer of surface, which play an important role in improving antiwear properties of oils. Finally, the antiwear mechanism of the additive were proposed.

Tribological Study of Xanthate-Containing Acetic Ester as Additives in Hydrogenated Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Long Li ◽  
Li Ping Xiong ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Li Ting Xiong ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Prepared Compound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogenated Oil ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sem Analyses

A novel ester derivative, dodecyl xanthate acetic dodecyl xanthate ester(DXAD) was synthesized and it’s tribological behaviors as additives in hydrogenated oil, were evaluated using a four-ball tester. Results show that the compound possesses good antiwear performance, extreme pressure capacity, and good friction-reducing property. The action mechanism was estimated through analysis of the worn surface with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of XPS and SEM analyses illustrate that the prepared compound as an additive in hydrogenated oil forms a protective film containing ferric sulfide and ferric sulfate compounds on the rubbed surface.

scholarly journals Study of Tribological Properties of Nanolamellar WS2and MoS2as Additives to Lubricants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir An ◽  
Yuri Irtegov ◽  
Charles de Izarra
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tribological Tests ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work was aimed at studying the tribological properties of nanolamellar tungsten and molybdenum disulfides produced from nanosized W and Mo nanopowders by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The prepared WS2and MoS2powders were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). For tribological tests, oil-based lubricants added with nanolamellar tungsten and molybdenum disulfides were prepared. The tribological tests show that the friction coefficient of the nanolamellar powders is lower than that of commercial powder(μmin=0.024and 0.064, resp.). It is also found that the oil-based lubricants with nanolamellar disulfide additives display higher antifriction and antiwear properties compared to commercial powder.

scholarly journals A Precipitation Phenomenon of Titanium Compounds in Aluminum Melts and the Refinement Fading Mechanism of the Al-5Ti-0.62C Master Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wanwu Ding ◽  
Wenjun Zhao ◽  
Tiandong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Compounds ◽  
Refinement Effect ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Al-5Ti-0.62C master alloy was prepared through a method of thermal explosion in molten aluminum. The process of remelting and refining of commercially pure aluminum was conducted, and precipitation samples with different heat-treatment times were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), and other techniques were used to analyze the microstructure of the precipitates at the bottom of the samples so as to explore the fading mechanism of Al-Ti-C alloy refinement. The results showed that an obvious precipitation phenomenon of titanium compounds existed in the remelted Al-5Ti-0.62C master alloy and that there were both TiC compounds and TiAl3compounds in the precipitates; in the refined pure aluminum samples, the precipitates were mainly TiC compounds. Precipitation of titanium compounds in aluminum melting is the main cause of fading in the refinement effect of an Al-Ti-C master alloy.

Study on Tribological Properties of Organic Bismuth Compounds as Lubricationg Additive

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1632-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Qiang Hu ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Ke Yi Gao ◽  
Yi Wei Fei
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Organic Metal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bismuth Compounds ◽  
Protective Films ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Metal Additives ◽  
Analytical Tools

A bismuth diamyl-dithiocarbamate additive was synthesized. A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the tribological performance of the additive in mineral oil, and compared with same types of metal additives. The results show that it exhibits better load-carrying capacities than said organic metal additives. The surface analytical tools such as X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the topography, the compositions contents and the depth profile of some typical elements on the rubbing surface of worn scar. Smooth topography of worn scar further confirms that the additive showed good antiwear capacities, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses indicated that tribochemical mixed protective films consists of bismuth compounds, sulfides, sulphates were formed on the rubbing surface, which contribute to improve the tribological properties of lubricants. Particularly, a large amounts of bismuth atoms play an important role in improving antiwear properties of oils.

Experimental study on the efficacy of MoS2 microfluids for improved tribological performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Gananath D Thakre ◽  
PK Arya ◽  
LNS Konathala ◽  
S Saran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molybdenum Disulphide ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lubrication Regimes ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Base

This paper reports the synthesis and tribo-performance investigation of microfluids developed using silane functionalized µ-molybdenum disulphide (µ-MoS2) particles for improved tribological performance. The functionalized µ-MoS2 particles were characterized by analytical techniques like Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The µ-MoS2 particles were then blended with mineral base oil in varying concentrations. The lubrication characteristics in terms of anti-friction, anti-wear, and extreme pressure properties of the µ-MoS2 particle blended microfluids were evaluated under different lubrication regimes. The results showed an excellent improvement in anti-wear, anti-friction, and extreme pressure properties. The tribo-performance of the MoS2 microfluids strongly depends on the compatibility and concentration of particles with base oils. Functionalization of the µ-MoS2 particles by trichlorooctadecylsilane allows forming stable dispersion in base oil. The MoS2 microfluids can be used as lubricants in advance tribological applications.

Tribo-Investigations on Oils With Dispersants and Hexagonal Boron Nitride Particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Gupta ◽  
Jayashree Bijwe ◽  
Ajay Kumar Kadiyala
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Suspended Form ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ep Additive

A dispersant is almost an unavoidable additive in engine oils since it helps to keep the carbonaceous particles in a suspended form. Dispersants can be multifunctional and can therefore interfere with the functions of other additives either synergistically or antagonistically. The present work investigated the influence of four dispersants (with and without particles of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on selected lubrication-related properties of the oils using four ball tester. Particles of hBN, though known as effective anti-wear (AW) and anti-friction (AF) additives, did not prove effective in oil in the presence of dispersants. On the other hand, it proved to be a good extreme pressure (EP) additive by showing 27% improvement in weld load (WL). Worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Raman spectroscopy.

Tribochemical Study of Two Ashless Triazine Derivatives as Additives in Rapeseed Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
Chao Long Li ◽  
Li Ping Xiong ◽  
Li Ting Xiong ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ashless 2,4-bis-dipropylamino-6-(O,O’-dibuthyldithio- phosphate)-s-1,3,5- triazine (PrBT) and 2,4-bis-morpholinyl-6- (O,O’-dibuthyldithiophosphate) -s-1,3,5 -triazine (MoBT), were prepared and their tribological behaviors as additives in rapeseed oil(RSO) were evaluated using a four-ball tester. The worn surfaces of the steel balls were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results indicate that the additives possess good load-carrying capacities. Moreover, they both have good antiwear and friction-reducing property at relatively middle concentration(1~2 wt%) and under all test loads, and in some condition, these triazine derivatives can replace the zinc dialkylthiophosphate. The results of XPS analyses illustrate that the prepared compounds as additives in RSO forms a protective film containing inorganic sulfide, sulfate, oxidized compounds and organic nitrogen-containing compounds on the metal surface during the sliding process.

Opportunities for Replacement of Phosphorus and Dithiophosphates in Lubricating Oil With Borate Ester Additive Containing Nitrogen

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Hu ◽  
Junbing Yao ◽  
Zhanhe Du
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Exhaust Catalysts ◽  
Borate Ester ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Antiwear Properties

The poisoning of exhaust catalysts by phosphorus has lead to research to provide new additives packages to reduce or displace the use of ZDDP. In this research a four-ball tester was used to evaluate the tribological performances of organic borate ester containing nitrogen (BNO) combined with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) or tin dialkyldithiocarbamates (SnDDC) in base oil respectively. The results indicate that the combination of these additives with organic borates ester can exhibit better antiwear synergism than either component separately without impairing load carrying abilities. Especially, the antiwear properties of oils can be improved significantly under optimal concentration ranges. Accordingly considerable amount of or ZDDP can be partially replaced by BNO in synergetic mixtures, or replaced completely by the combination of BNO with SnDDC. This might provide opportunities for the use of lower concentrations of S, P additives.

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