scholarly journals Sensitivity of Different Cattle Breeds to the Infestation of Cattle Ticks Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Natural Pastures of Opkara Farm, Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Eric Yessinou ◽  
Camus Adoligbe ◽  
Yao Akpo ◽  
Justin Adinci ◽  
Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

A study was carried out on the Opkara (Benin) cattle farm on 64 cattle of four different breeds (16 individuals per breed) from June to December 2016. During this study, three tick species were found in different numbers, Amblyomma variegatum (732), Rhipicephalus microplus (8079), and Hyalomma spp. (208), with parasitic intensity of 11.90, 126.23, and 3.25, respectively. The interracial comparison of the tick infestation between the cattle showed a significant difference (P<0.001). However, Girolando was more infested than all the cattle breeds. Infestation of A. variegatum, R. microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Girolando was, respectively, 19.43 ± 2.71, 171.25 ± 23.50, and 7.12 ± 0.63, but the Borgou were less infested. Borgou breed females were more infested by A. variegatum (4.41 ± 1.14) than females Girolando (4.20 ± 0.90). The Crossbred and Azawak females were less infested (P<0.01). The mean of A. variegatum on Borgou, Azawak, Crossbred, and Girolando calves was 1.29 ± 0.35, 0.66 ± 0.26, 1.37 ± 0.37, and 2.25 ± 0.48 (P<0.01), respectively. The results of this study can be exploited to include genetic and nongenetic approaches to tick control.

scholarly journals Efficacy of two commercial synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus strains of the south-western region of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achille S. Ouedraogo ◽  
Olivier M. Zannou ◽  
Abel S. Biguezoton ◽  
Kouassi Yao Patrick ◽  
Adrien M. G. Belem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Western Region

AbstractSince 2011, period of the livestock invasion by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso (BF), tick-control problems were exacerbated. Based on farmer’s reports, most commonly used commercial acaricides were found to be ineffective in Western South part of the country. To investigate the occurrence and extent of such acaricidal ineffectiveness, we performed the standardized larval packet test (LPT) with commercial deltamethrin (vectocid) and cypermethrin (cypertop), on two cattle tick species, the native Amblyomma variegatum and the invasive R. microplus. The resistance ratios (RR) were computed with susceptible Hounde strain of Rhipicephalus geigyi as reference. The R. microplus population showed resistance to the two acaricides tested with the highest lethal concentration (LC) values, and different resistance ratios higher than 4 (deltamethrin: RR50 = 28.18 and RR90 = 32.41; cypermethrin: RR50 = 8.79 and RR90 = 23.15). In the contrary, A. variegatum population was found to be highly susceptible to acaricides tested with low lethal concentrations and resistance ratio values (deltamethrin: RR50 = 0.5 and RR90 = 0.48; cypermethrin: RR50 = 0.68 and RR90 = 0.79). These data demonstrate high synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus strain, leading to conclude that the acaricide ineffectiveness in tick populations control remains a concern in BF.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of cattle ticks in Burundi: First report on the presence of the invasive Rhipicephalus microplus tick

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261218
Author(s):  
Lionel Nyabongo ◽  
David O. Odongo ◽  
Gad Milton ◽  
Eunice Machuka ◽  
Patrick Vudriko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Agroecological Zones

A recent research study on prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Burundi reported high prevalence and endemicity of Theileria parva, Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections in cattle. Detailed information about tick species infesting animals, their distribution and genetic diversity in Burundi is outdated and limited. This study therefore assessed the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick species infesting cattle across agroecological zones (AEZs) in Burundi. A cross-sectional study on the occurrence of tick species was conducted in 24 districts of Burundi between October and December 2017. Differential identification and characterization of ticks collected was conducted using tick morphological keys and molecular tools (cox1 and 12S rRNA gene). Chi-square test was used to test for association between agroecological zones and the prevalence of tick species. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using bayesian and maximum likelihood algorithms. A total of 483 ticks were collected from the five AEZs sampled. Six tick species comprising of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, R. evertsi evertsi, R. microplus, R. decoloratus and Amblyomma variegatum were observed. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most prevalent ticks (~45%). A total of 138 specimens (28%) were found to be Rhipicephalus microplus, suggesting an emerging threat for cattle farmers. Twelve R. appendiculatus cox1 haplotypes were obtained from 106 specimens that were sequenced. Two cox1 haplotypes of R. microplus which clustered into previously reported Clade A were observed. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and R. evertsi evertsi ticks, the vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, were collected from cattle, which constitute a high risk for public health. These findings reveal an overlapping distribution of tick vectors in Burundi. The design of ticks and tick-borne diseases control strategies should consider the distribution of different vectors across the AEZs particularly the presence of the highly invasive R. microplus tick in Burundi and the potential risk of introducing the pathogenic Babesia bovis.

Selection of cattle for tick resistance, and the effect of herds of different susceptibility on Boophilus populations

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Tick Counts ◽  
Tick Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Weekly counts of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) on 30 Australian Illawarra Shorthorn heifers enabled the cattle to be ranked in order of tick infestation, with highly significant correlations between counts of two observers and between counts of one observer on different occasions. In May 1960, when the heifers were 1½–2 years old, 12 were selected as relatively tick-resistant and 12 as relatively tick-susceptible. Each of these groups was divided at random into herds of six, and the four herds were then allotted randomly to separate paddocks, each onequarter of the area previously grazed. A herd was sprayed with 0.5% DDT emulsion when its average count of ticks (adult females over 5 mm in length) on one side of the animals exceeded 40. During the ensuing tick season, from October 5, 1960, to June 7, 1961, the sums of average weekly tick counts, and the numbers of sprayings (in parenthesis) were: susceptible herds 4853 (5) and 5962 (6): resistant herds 718 (0) and 1073 (1). Counts of tick larvae on defined body areas showed that, in the summer after segregation, resistant herds carried fewer larvae than the susceptible herds, apparently because fewer mature ticks fell from the resistant cattle in the preceding spring and winter. As a consequence of this, counts of adult ticks were comparatively lower after than before segregation. There was little or no 'spring rise' of tick infestation on the resistant herds. There was no significant correlation between tick resistance and coat score, sweat gland dimensions, or total skin thickness, but a correlation of -0.53 with follicle depth was significant at the 1% level. There was no evidence of adaptation of cattle ticks to the resistant animals, either in the field experiment or in observations on stalled cattle. The experiment draws attention to the appreciable proportion of tick-resistant animals within the Australian Illawarra Shorthorn breed, which has largely been overlooked in past discussions on tick-resistant breeds of cattle. It also suggests a technique for estimating the improvement in tick control that may be obtained by a given degree of selection within any breed, for any given environment.

scholarly journals Some observations on the sero-prevalence of heartwater and tick infestation in Zambian goats : research communication

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ahmadu ◽  
C.E.A. Lovelace ◽  
S. Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽  
Antigen Elisa ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Semi Arid

A survey was carried out to define the distribution of heartwater in goats that originated from six districts in communal grazing semi-arid areas of Zambia. A total of 181 samples (40.1 %) out of 451 serum samples from adult goats were positive for Ehrlichia ruminantium antibodies after screening using indirect MAP-1B antigen ELISA technique with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between the six districts. Out of 1 036 adult goats examined for tick infestation, 105 were infested by ticks, with Amblyomma species being the most dominant tick encountered. Amblyomma variegatum, which is the vector for heartwater transmission in Zambia constituted 42.4 % of the tick species, identified. The overall tick infestation rate was 10 % while the tick:goat ratio was 2.1:1. Amblyomma variegatum appears to be widespread throughout the study area, as are antibodies to E. ruminantium.

Sensitivity of Senepol and Caracu breeds to parasitism by Rhipicephalus microplus

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-961
Author(s):  
Francisco Tobias Barradas Piña ◽  
Namor Pinheiro Zimmermann ◽  
Marcos Valério Garcia ◽  
Leandro De Oliveira Souza Higa ◽  
Leandra Marla Oshiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Taurine breeds and animals crossbred for genetic resistance to Rhipicephalus microplus have been the focus of several studies aimed at producing better responses of cattle to tick infestations and seeking to reduce treatment costs and improve the quality of bovine byproducts. Another way to increase gains is the introduction of taurine breeds with the goal of obtaining morphological and physiological characteristics more adapted to production. Although several studies have compared taurine and zebu breeds, little is known about the differences found within the taurine group. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the Senepol and Caracu breeds to artificial R. microplus infestations. For this purpose, a stall test was conducted on 16 Caracu and 14 Senepol bulls. The animals were subjected to artificial infestation with a total of 15,000 R. microplus larvae per animal. The Senepol group accounted for 71.7% of the retrieved engorged female ticks. The biological parameters analyzed that showed a significant difference included the mean number of engorged female ticks retrieved (p = 0.000), weight of engorged female ticks (p = 0.000), rate of engorged female ticks retrieved (p = 0.03) and egg mass weight (p = 0.032). Thus, the present study demonst          rated a higher susceptib ility of the Senepol breed to parasitism by the Asian blue tick than the Caracu breed, providing support for new studies on the subjects of genetic resistance, animal breeding and cattle production. 

scholarly journals Ticks on birds from Cerrado forest patches along the Uberabinha river in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1852-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khelma Torga ◽  
Graziela Tolesano-Pascoli ◽  
Jacqueline Bonfim Vasquez ◽  
Eurípedes Luciano da Silva Júnior ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
The Mean

We herein describe ticks parasitizing birds in forest fragments along the Uberabinha River, a major watercourse that cuts through patches of remnants of Brazilian savannah in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall 352 birds from 62 species, overwhelmingly, Passeriformes, were captured with mist-nets. The most abundant bird species was Basileuterus hypoleucus (n=36), followed by Lanio penicillata (n=24) and Thalurania furcata (n=23). Thirty one birds, all Passeriformes, were found infested with 56 ticks from which 12 were larvae and 44 nymphs, all from the Amblyomma genus. Highest infestation prevalence was found on Taraba major (66.6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) and Saltator maximus (50%). The mean intensity of tick infestation was low (1.8 tick per infested bird) with most of the parasites located on the neck (60%) of birds, followed by the head (20%). All larvae were attached to the skin around the eyes of birds. Amblyomma nodosum was the most numerous tick species found attached to birds (n=23 nymphs, 52.3% of nymphs) followed by Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11.4% of nymphs). Ecological relationships are discussed.

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R. microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n = 16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n = 1377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n = 434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n = 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced R. decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu sub-county, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

scholarly journals Ticks infesting cattle in Central Equatoria region of South Sudan

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wani L. Marcellino ◽  
Ibrahim I. Julla ◽  
Diaeldin A. Salih ◽  
Abdel R.M. El Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
East Coast ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
East Coast Fever ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
Cattle Ticks

Ticks infesting cattle represent a serious problem for improvement of cattle productivity in South Sudan. There has been limited information on ticks and tick-borne diseases in southern Sudan. This study was initiated to update the current distribution of ticks infesting cattle in the Central Equatoria region of South Sudan. The surveys for the present study were conducted at various cattle camps in Juba, Mangalla and Terekeka between December 2004 and June 2005. A total of 2322 ticks were collected from the bodies of 88 randomly selected cattle. Ticks were preserved in 70% ethanol for later identification. Seven ixodid tick species were found to infest cattle in Juba whilst six species were recorded in Mangalla and only four species in Terekeka. Amblyomma variegatum was the most common and widely distributed species found on cattle across all the study locations. Amblyomma lepidum was not found during this study. Based on these findings, it would be advisable to preempt the situation and institute containment procedures before possible East Coast fever outbreaks occur.

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background: Rhipicephalus microplus; an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R.microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n=16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n=1,377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n=434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n= 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions : It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced Rhipicephalus decoloratus, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R.microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n=16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n=1,377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n=434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n= 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced Rhipicephalus decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu sub county, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

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