scholarly journals Rheumatoid Arthritis and miRNAs: A Critical Review through a Functional View

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Moran-Moguel ◽  
Stefania Petarra-del Rio ◽  
Evangelina E. Mayorquin-Galvan ◽  
Maria G. Zavala-Cerna
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Translation Rate ◽  
Micro Rnas

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with severe joint inflammation and destruction associated with an inflammatory environment. The etiology behind RA remains to be elucidated; most updated concepts include the participation of environmental, proteomic, epigenetic, and genetic factors. Epigenetic is considered the missing link to explain genetic diversification among RA patients. Within epigenetic factors participating in RA, miRNAs are defined as small noncoding molecules with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides, capable of gene expression modulation, either negatively through inhibition of translation and degradation of the mRNA or positively through increasing the translation rate. Over the last decade and due to the feasibility of the identification of miRNAs among different tissues and compartments, they have been proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in different pathologies. Nevertheless, miRNAs seem to be important regulators of networks instead of single genes; their hypothetical use as biomarkers needs to rely on a functional integrative description of their effects in the biological process of autoimmune conditions which until now is missing. Therefore, we underwent a bibliographic search for review and original articles related to miRNAs and their possible implications in rheumatoid arthritis. We found 48 different studies using the key words “miRNAs” or “micro-RNAs” and “rheumatoid arthritis” with restriction of publication dates from 2011 to 2016, in humans, using the English language. After a critical reading, we provide in this paper a functional view with respect to miRNA biogenesis, interaction with targets that are expressed in specific cells and tissues, during different stages of inflammatory responses associated with RA, and recognized specific areas where miRNAs might also have a pathogenic role but remain undescribed. Our results will be useful in designing future research projects that can support miRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in RA.

Antibody modified gold nanoparticles for fast colorimetric screening of rheumatoid arthritis

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 3613-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Veigas ◽  
Ana Matias ◽  
Tomás Calmeiro ◽  
Elvira Fortunato ◽  
Alexandra R. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Chronic Disability ◽  
High Prevalence

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation and one of the main causes of chronic disability worldwide with high prevalence in the ageing population.

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Cell Apoptosis through Activation of NF-κB Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Yin ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiao-min Cen ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of multiple joints. The central pathogenesis of RA is the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts in response to inflammatory cytokines. However, some of the targeted therapies for inflammation reactions do not display significant clinical improvement after initiation of therapy. Thus, the relationship between inflammatory responses and RA therapy is still incompletely understood. In the present study, we proposed to determine whether enhanced inflammations may lead to cell apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Our results indicated that products of lipid peroxidations, 4-HNE, may induce synovial intrinsic inflammations by activating NF-κB pathways and it may lead to cell apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB activation may reduce the 4-HNE mediated inflammation responses and subsequent cell apoptosis. Our results may help to clarify the role of inflammations on RA development and imply that blocking NF-κB activation may be partly beneficial for human RA therapy. These findings might provide a mechanism-based rationale for developing new strategy to RA clinical therapy.

scholarly journals Elevated APE1/Ref-1 Levels of Synovial Fluids in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Reflection of Disease Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5324
Author(s):  
In Seol Yoo ◽  
Yu-Ran Lee ◽  
Seong Wook Kang ◽  
Jinhyun Kim ◽  
Hee-Kyoung Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Activity Score ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship

There is growing evidence that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) regulates inflammatory responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized with synovitis and joint destruction. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the relationship between APE1/Ref-1 and RA. Serum and synovial fluid (SF) were collected from 46 patients with RA, 45 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 30 healthy control (HC) patients. The concentration of APE1/Ref-1 in serum or SF was measured using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The disease activity in RA patients was measured using the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28). The serum APE1/Ref-1 levels in RA patients were significantly increased compared to HC and OA patients (0.44 ± 0.39 ng/mL for RA group vs. 0.19 ± 0.14 ng/mL for HC group, p < 0.05 and vs. 0.19 ± 0.11 ng/mL for OA group, p < 0.05). Likewise, the APE1/Ref-1 levels of SF in RA patients were also significantly increased compared to OA patients (0.68 ± 0.30 ng/mL for RA group vs. 0.31 ± 0.12 ng/mL for OA group, p < 0.001). The APE1/Ref-1 concentration in SF of RA patients was positively correlated with DAS28. Thus, APE1/Ref-1 may reflect the joint inflammation and be associated with disease activity in RA.

scholarly journals Should We Be Screening for and Treating Periodontal Disease in Individuals Who Are at Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Zhain Mustufvi ◽  
Stefan Serban ◽  
James Chesterman ◽  
Kulveer Mankia
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Citrullinated Protein

There is increasing evidence supporting an association between periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both mechanistically and clinically. Trials have shown that treating PD in people with RA may improve RA disease activity. Patients with musculoskeletal symptoms without arthritis, who test positive for cyclic-citrullinated protein antibodies, are at risk of RA (CCP+ at-risk), with seropositivity preceding arthritis onset by months or years. Importantly, there is evidence to suggest that periodontal inflammation may precede joint inflammation in CCP+ at-risk and, therefore, this could be a trigger for RA. There has been increased research interest in RA prevention and the phenotyping of the pre-RA disease phase. This review will examine the merits of identifying individuals who are CCP+ at-risk and performing screening for PD. In addition, we discuss how PD should be treated once identified. Finally, the review will consider future research needed to advance our understanding of this disease association.

scholarly journals Image Processing Techniques for ROI Identification in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from Thermal Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wasilewska ◽  
Jolanta Pauk ◽  
Mikhail Ihnatouski
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Processing Techniques

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that manifests itself by joint inflammation, swelling, pain, tenderness and may involve extra-articular organs in severe cases. Joint inflammatory lesions are associated with higher temperature due to increased vascularity in the area of inflamed tissues. This papers aimed to identify heat patterns from ROIs to interpret the presence of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The thermovisual image sequences were collected from 65 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Infrared images were generated by a thermal scanning camera (FLIR E60bx Systems Inc., USA). Separate recordings of left and right foot temperature changes were performed for 3 minute periods. The temperature measurement was performed at the moment right after cold water immersion (post-cooling temperature) and at the moment after thermal recovery (post-recovery temperature). The recording of 3-minute foot thermal recovery was used for analysis. Automatically identified ROI corresponds to the area of the soft tissues covering cuboid and navicular bone.

scholarly journals Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose U Scher ◽  
Andrew Sczesnak ◽  
Randy S Longman ◽  
Nicola Segata ◽  
Carles Ubeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Animal models suggest a role for intestinal bacteria in supporting the systemic immune response required for joint inflammation. Here we performed 16S sequencing on 114 stool samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls, and shotgun sequencing on a subset of 44 such samples. We identified the presence of Prevotella copri as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients. Increases in Prevotella abundance correlated with a reduction in Bacteroides and a loss of reportedly beneficial microbes in NORA subjects. We also identified unique Prevotella genes that correlated with disease. Further, colonization of mice revealed the ability of P. copri to dominate the intestinal microbiota and resulted in an increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis. This work identifies a potential role for P. copri in the pathogenesis of RA.

Septic arthritis in adults

2013 ◽  
pp. 745-752
Author(s):  
Laura McGregor ◽  
Monica N. Gupta ◽  
Max Field
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Septic arthritis (SA) is a medical emergency with mortality of around 15%. Presentation is usually monoarticular but in more than 10% SA affects two or more joints. Symptoms include rapid-onset joint inflammation with systemic inflammatory responses but fever and leucocytosis may be absent at presentation. Treatment according to British Society of Rheumatology/British Orthopaedic Association (BSR/BOA) guidelines should be commenced if there is a suspicion of SA. At-risk patients include those with primary joint disease, previous SA, recent intra-articular surgery, exogenous sources of infection (leg ulceration, respiratory and urinary tract), and immunosupression because of medical disorders, intravenous drug use or therapy including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Synovial fluid should be examined for organisms and crystals with repeat aspiration as required. Most SA results from haematogenous spread-sources of infection should be sought and blood and appropriate cultures taken prior to antibiotic treatment. Causative organisms include staphylococcus (including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA), streptococcus, and Gram-negative organisms (in elderly patients), but no organism is identified in 43%, often after antibiotic use before diagnosis. Antibiotics should be prescribed according to local protocols, but BSR/BOA guidelines suggest initial intravenous and subsequent oral therapy. Medical treatment may be as effective as surgical in uncomplicated native SA, and can be cost-effective, but orthopaedic advice should be sought if necessary and always in cases of infected joint prostheses. In addition to high mortality, around 40% of survivors following SA develop limitation of joint function. Guidelines provide physicians with treatment advice aiming to limit mortality and morbidity and assist future research.

scholarly journals Cytokines and Chemokines in Chikungunya Virus Infection: Protection or Induction of Pathology

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Chintana Chirathaworn ◽  
Jira Chansaenroj ◽  
Yong Poovorawan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been commonly detected in tropical countries. The clinical manifestations of CHIKV infection are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis. Outbreaks of CHIKV infection in Thailand have been reported, and the inductions of various cytokines and chemokines in CHIKV patients during those outbreaks have been shown. Although immune responses in CHIKV infection have been increasingly reported, the mechanisms associated with pathology induction are still not clearly understood. This review focuses on cytokine and chemokine production in CHIKV infection, in association with the severity of joint inflammation. Several cytokines and chemokines involved in the induction or regulation of inflammatory responses were shown to associate with the severe and persistent symptoms in CHIKV infection. Further studies on the difference in immune responses observed in an autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious disease, and CHIKV infection, would provide additional insights useful for proper CHIKV therapy, especially in patients with severe joint pains.

scholarly journals Identifying emerging trends in rheumatoid arthritis research: A scientometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Samuel Seery ◽  
Zhehui Zhao ◽  
Haijing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Trends

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized as chronic and progressive with acute inflammatory attacks. RA is highly prevalent across all societies and over the past two decades there has been substantial effort to improve diagnostics and therapeutics.Methods We searched for pertinent studies using CiteSpace and created maps to understand the intellectual structure of RA research. Pertinent studies over the past two decades were retrieved from Web of Science. Scientometric analysis in this study includes time distribution, cluster analysis, time-zones and time-lines of keywords, as well as burst detection.Results Our analysis has revealed a steady upward trend in publications from 2010 until 2018 which perhaps reflects growing global concern and investment. While the etiology of RA appears unknown, there is a plethora of studies into pathological mechanisms, diagnostics and drug development through one of the phases of basic and clinical research. RA pathogenesis has been shown to involve immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages and synoviocytes which have a key role in invasive synovium and joint inflammation. X-rays and blood testing can support differential diagnostics, and there are a number of treatments available which are selected depending upon RA staging.Conclusions TNF-α, apoptosis, pathogenesis, and NF-κB are the most frequently used terms across this specialism in 2020. These terms represent the new theoretical understanding and necessitates further research because they may guide patient selection and more individualised RA care.

scholarly journals Ratio of Circulating IFNγ+“Th17 Cells” in Memory Th Cells Is Inversely Correlated with the Titer of Anti-CCP Antibodies in Early-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Based on Flow Cytometry Methods of the Human Immunology Project

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kotake ◽  
Yuki Nanke ◽  
Toru Yago ◽  
Manabu Kawamoto ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kobashigawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Human Immunology

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic joint inflammation characterized by activated T cells. IL-17 and Th17 cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Recently, plasticity in helper T cells has been demonstrated; Th17 cells can convert to Th1 cells. However, it remains to be elucidated whether this conversion occurs in the early phase of RA. Here, we validated the methods of the Human Immunology Project using only the cell-surface marker through measuring the actual expression of IL-17 and IFNγ. We also evaluated the expression of CD161 in human Th17 cells. We then tried to identify Th17 cells, IL-17+Th17 cells, and IFNγ+Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of early-onset RA patients using the standardized method of the Human Immunology Project. Our findings validated the method and the expression of CD161. The ratio of IFNγ+Th17 cells in memory T cells was inversely correlated to the titers of anti-CCP antibodies in the early-onset RA patients. These findings suggest that Th17 cells play important roles in the early phase of RA and that anti-IL-17 antibodies should be administered to patients with early phase RA, especially those with high titers of CCP antibodies.

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