scholarly journals A General Maximum Progression Model to Concurrently Synchronize Left-Turn and through Traffic Flows on an Arterial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Binbin Jing ◽  
Jianmin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
General Model ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Time Space

In the existing bandwidth-based methods, through traffic flows are considered as the coordination objects and offered progression bands accordingly. However, at certain times or nodes in the road network, when the left-turn traffic flows have a higher priority than the through traffic flows, it would be inappropriate to still provide the progression bands to the through traffic flows; the left-turn traffic flows should instead be considered as the coordination objects to potentially achieve better control. Considering this, a general maximum progression model to concurrently synchronize left-turn and through traffic flows is established by using a time-space diagram. The general model can deal with all the patterns of the left-turn phases by introducing two new binary variables into the constraints; that is, these variables allow all the patterns of the left-turn phases to deal with a single formulation. By using the measures of effectiveness (average delay time, average vehicle stops, and average travel time) acquired by a traffic simulation software, VISSIM, the validity of the general model is verified. The results show that, compared with the MULTIBAND, the proposed general model can effectively reduce the delay time, vehicle stops, and travel time and, thus, achieve better traffic control.

scholarly journals An Optimization Model of Multi-Intersection Signal Control for Trunk Road under Collaborative Information

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Li ◽  
Zhengfan Zhao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Pengfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Average Delay Time

We proposed a signal control optimization model for urban main trunk line intersections. Four-phase intersection was analyzed and modeled based on the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). CTM and signal control model in our study had both been improved for multi-intersections by three-phase theory and information-exchanging. To achieve a real-time application, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed finally, the DISCO traffic simulation software was used for numerical simulation experiment, and comparisons with the standard GA and CTM were reported in this paper. Experimental results indicate that our searching time is less than that of SGA by 38%, and our method needs only 1/3 iteration time of SGA. According to our DISCO traffic simulation processing, compared with SGA, if the input traffic flow is changed from free phase to synchronized phase, for example, less than 900 vel/h, the delay time can reduce to 87.99% by our method, and the minimum delay time is 77.76% of existing method. Furthermore, if input traffic volume is increased to 1200 vel/h or more at the synchronized phase, the summary and minimum values of average delay time are reduced to 81.16% and 75.83%, respectively, and the average delay time is reduced to 17.72 seconds.

Optimal Signal Timing of Single Intersection for Traffic Emission Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 2137-2140
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Control Scheme

Traffic emission is one of the main pollution sources of urban atmospheric environment. Traffic control scheme of intersection has important influence on vehicle emission. Research on low emission traffic signal control scheme has become one of focuses of Intelligent Transportation. Current typical control methods of traffic emission are based on optimizing the average delay and number of stops. However, it is extremely difficult to use mathematical formula to calculate the delay and the number of stops in the presence of initial queue length of intersection. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a traffic emission control algorithm based on reinforcement learning. The simulation experiments were carried out by using the microscopic traffic simulation software. Compared with the Hideki emission control scheme, the experimental results show that the reinforcement learning algorithm is more effective. The average vehicle emissions are reduced by 12.2% for high saturation of the intersection.

scholarly journals Traffic Simulation Analysis on Running Speed in a Connected Vehicles Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Miyi Wu ◽  
Shuyi Wang ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Connected vehicles (CVs) exchange a variety of information instantly with surrounding vehicles and traffic facilities, which could smooth traffic flow significantly. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of CVs on running speed. This study compared the delay time, travel time, and running speed in the normal and the connected states, respectively, through VISSIM (a traffic simulation software developed by PTV company in German). The optimization speed model was established to simulate the decision-makings of CVs in MATLAB, considering the parameters of vehicle distance, average speed, and acceleration, etc. After the simulation, the vehicle information including speed, travel time, and delay time under the normal and the connected states were compared and evaluated, and the influence of different CV rates on the results was analyzed. In a two-lane arterial road, running speed in the connected state increase by 4 km/h, and the total travel time and delay time decrease by 5.34% and 16.76%, respectively, compared to those in the normal state. The optimal CV market penetration rate related to running speed and delay time is 60%. This simulation-based study applies user-defined lane change and lateral behavior rules, and takes different CV rates into consideration, which is more reliable and practical to estimate the impact of CV on road traffic characteristics.

A Smooth Flow of Traffic Circle Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 50-51 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Nan Ji ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Control Traffic ◽  
Circle Model

This article sets up mathematic model for the traffic circle to determine how best to control traffic flow. In order to make the traffic at the circle intersection smooth in maximum, this model figures out the largest traffic capacity through Wardrop’s formula. When the signal control is needed, a linkage time solving model is set up, which proves the number of seconds of every green light and work out the delay time. At last, the simulation software VISSIM is used for an example to work out the average delay time under the signal control. The result matches with this model.

Study on Implementation Method of Left-Turning Traffic Forbiddance Measure on Urban Road

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1729-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lu ◽  
Yun Xia Wang ◽  
Lei Lei Dai ◽  
Jin Gang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Traffic Impact ◽  
Implementation Method ◽  
Business District ◽  
Traffic Organization

The left-turning traffic forbiddance measure is an important mode of traffic organization of intersection, but the traffic management departments are puzzled by the implementation condition, implementation method and efficiency evaluation. The traffic impact analysis of left-turning traffic flows and the advantages of left-turning traffic forbiddance measure is analyzed in paper, then the implementation flows is summarized. The implementation condition and method are determined, and the average delay of intersections in the whole region are chosen as the evaluation index of operation efficiency of the left-turning traffic forbiddance measure. So the calculation method of efficiency between pre and post adopted the left-turning traffic forbiddance measure is proposed. The intersections of business district in City Hengyang is chosen as example for verifying the implementation method of left-turning traffic forbiddance, and the efficiency between pre and post adopted the left-turning traffic forbiddance measure is comparatively analyzed and the VISSIM simulation software is applied for verifying the effect of the left-turning traffic forbiddance measure.

scholarly journals Sustainable Design of Diverging Diamond Interchange: Development of Warrants for Improving Operational Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5840
Author(s):  
Meshal Almoshaogeh ◽  
Hatem Abou-Senna ◽  
Essam Radwan ◽  
Husnain Haider
Keyword(s):  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Conventional Design ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Diamond Interchanges ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

Conventional diamond interchanges are facing ever-growing challenges related to traffic operations and safety risks due to increasing traffic volumes and worsening congestions. The agencies are well aware of the high socioeconomic (e.g., user delay cost, fuel cost, and high accident rates) and environmental losses (traffic emissions due to vehicles queuing) associated with the conventional interchange design. This paper provides insight into the different factors that affect the sustainability performance (operational and safety) of a conventional interchange through its redesign into the Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) with the increased left-turn demand. It also assesses the need to redesign an interchange to improve the efficiency. Two interchanges that have DDI designs were selected for investigations, and the required data were collected from the relevant agency. The average delay and the capacity were used as the Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) for data analysis. Numerous factors, that affected these MOEs, were used to design an experiment. This experiment included different levels of volumes, geometric designs, and signal plans. The micro-simulation software (VISSIM 8.0) was employed to calibrate and validate the existing conditions through several steps, including signal optimization and driving behavior parameter optimization. The analysis of the results detected the key thresholds of switching from the conventional design to the innovative design under 90 different scenarios. Finally, the sustainability evaluation of DDI and Conventional Design Interchange was conducted based on their operation and safety performance comparison. The results and findings of this research will act as a guideline for decision-makers regarding when they should consider switching from the conventional interchange design to an innovative design.

Assessment of Arterial Signal Timings Based on Various Operational Policies and Optimization Tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110111
Author(s):  
Suhaib Al Shayeb ◽  
Nemanja Dobrota ◽  
Aleksandar Stevanovic ◽  
Nikola Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Fort Lauderdale ◽  
Design Engineers

Traffic simulation and optimization tools are classified, according to their practical applicability, into two main categories: theoretical and practical. The performance of the optimized signal timing derived by any tool is influenced by how calculations are executed in the particular tool. Highway Capacity Software (HCS) and Vistro implement the procedures defined in the Highway Capacity Manual, thus they are essentially utilized by traffic operations and design engineers. Considering its capability of timing diagram drafting and travel time collection studies, Tru-Traffic is more commonly used by practitioners. All these programs have different built-in objective function(s) to develop optimized signal plans for intersections. In this study, the performance of the optimal signal timing plans developed by HCS, Tru-Traffic, and Vistro are evaluated and compared by using the microsimulation software Vissim. A real-world urban arterial with 20 intersections and heavy traffic in Fort Lauderdale, Florida served as the testbed. To eliminate any bias in the comparisons, all experiments were performed under identical geometric and traffic conditions, coded in each tool. The evaluation of the optimized plans was conducted based on average delay, number of stops, performance index, travel time, and percentage of arrivals on green. Results indicated that although timings developed in HCS reduced delay, they drastically increased number of stops. Tru-Traffic signal timings, when only offsets are optimized, performed better than timings developed by all of the other tools. Finally, Vistro increased arrivals on green, but it also increased delay. Optimized signal plans were transferred manually from optimization tools to Vissim. Therefore, future research should find methods for automatically transferring optimized plans to Vissim.

scholarly journals Variable Speed Limit and Ramp Metering for Mixed Traffic Flows: A Review and Open Questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Filip Vrbanić ◽  
Edouard Ivanjko ◽  
Krešimir Kušić ◽  
Dino Čakija
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Ramp Metering ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Limit ◽  
Traffic Demand

The trend of increasing traffic demand is causing congestion on existing urban roads, including urban motorways, resulting in a decrease in Level of Service (LoS) and safety, and an increase in fuel consumption. Lack of space and non-compliance with cities’ sustainable urban plans prevent the expansion of new transport infrastructure in some urban areas. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, appropriate solutions come from the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems by implementing traffic control services. Those services include Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and Ramp Metering (RM) for urban motorways. VSL reduces the speed of incoming vehicles to a bottleneck area, and RM limits the inflow through on-ramps. In addition, with the increasing development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected AVs (CAVs), new opportunities for traffic control are emerging. VSL and RM can reduce traffic congestion on urban motorways, especially so in the case of mixed traffic flows where AVs and CAVs can fully comply with the control system output. Currently, there is no existing overview of control algorithms and applications for VSL and RM in mixed traffic flows. Therefore, we present a comprehensive survey of VSL and RM control algorithms including the most recent reinforcement learning-based approaches. Best practices for mixed traffic flow control are summarized and new viewpoints and future research directions are presented, including an overview of the currently open research questions.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimization Model for Collaborative En-Route and Slot Allocation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shangwen Yang ◽  
Jingting Zhang ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Yongjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Slot Allocation ◽  
Collaborative Decision Making ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Flight Delay ◽  
Collaborative Decision

To allocate the en-routes and slots resource to the flights with collaborative decision-making, a multiobjective 0-1 integer programming model was proposed. According to different demands from air traffic control departments, airlines, and passengers, efficiency, equity, and effectiveness principles of collaborative decision-making were considered. With the aim to minimize the total flight delay costs, the total number of turning points, and average delay time of passengers, the effectiveness constraints were achieved. The algorithm was designed to solve the model on the basis of the objective method, and Lingo11 and MatlabR2007b were applied in numerical tests. To test how well the model works in real world, a numerical test was performed based on the simulated data of a civil en-route. Test results show that, compared with the traditional strategy of first come first served, the model gains better effect. The superiority of the model was verified.

Dynamic control cycle speed limit strategy for balanced reduction of travel time and emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (09) ◽  
pp. 2150153
Author(s):  
Minghui Ma ◽  
Yaozong Zhang ◽  
Shidong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Co Emission

The vehicle exhaust has been one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. With an increase in traffic volume, it has been found that the introduced intelligent traffic control is necessary. This paper investigated a novel VSL strategy considering the dynamic control cycle to improve the traffic efficiency and environmental benefit on freeway. An extension of the cell transmission model (CTM) was used to depict the traffic characteristics under VSL control, and integrated with the microscopic emission and fuel consumption model VT-Micro to estimate the pollution emission of each cell. The VSL strategy was designed to provide multiple control cycles with different length to adjust the scope of VSL changes, furthermore, a probability formula was developed and used to determine the optimal quantity of control cycles to reduce the computational complexity of controller. An objective optimization function was formulated with the aim of minimizing total travel time and CO emission. With simulation experiments, the results showed that the proposed VSL strategy considering the dynamic control cycle outperformed uncontrolled scenario, resulting in up to 8.4% of total travel time reductions, 26.7% of delay optimization, and 14.5% reduction in CO emission, which enhanced the service level of freeway network.

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